In article <
9o2dnab1G8reqlPT...@giganews.com>,
"Jonathan" <
wr...@gmail.com> wrote:
> US manned space program...
>
> Originally the Soviet menace was the driving
> reason for manned flight. Racing them to the
> Moon and all that. Not a bad reason at all.
In the late 1950's, they realized that building a missile platform in
space was A) impractical with liquid fueled rockets, since LF rockets
require constant maintenance/replenishment and B) too provocative--there
is no plausible "defensive" reason to deploy nuclear weapons in
orbit--other than to directly threaten some or all the nations on earth.
With these things in mind, it was believed that the Moon is
"the ultimate high ground" as Jack Kennedy once called it. Atop a
powerful gravity well, the Soviet Union slid by underneath Moon once
every 25 hours. All things considered, the Moon seemed to be a practical
location for a Missile Base, since a colony of men could live there, and
could provide enough personnel to service the rockets round the clock.
The missiles, themselves, could be fairly small, since little fuel would
be needed for the "downhill" approach to earth. A missile base could
also have the cover of being a 'scientific outpost.' The first nation to
the Moon would presumably be the only nation there for quite some time.
You could build a missile base in complete secrecy, since no one else
could observe any of your actions. Perhaps even the threat that you
MIGHT build a missile base would be as effective as actually building
one, as long as you were the first.
The other aspect of the race to the Moon was this: as a super weapon,
the V-2 rocket could easily have forced England to sue for peace, but it
didn't.
The V-1 drone had proved too easy to intercept, of course. Britain had
radar, and its Spitfire pilots developed a practical method of
intercepting and eliminating them before they reached their targets.
However, there was no defense against the V-2. It came in from above the
stratosphere without warning. It even fell on target without a sound.
For Londoners, there couldn't have been a greater weapon of terror,
since the first warning that they were being attacked was the huge
explosion as the warhead detonated. No air raid siren, no chance to head
for shelter, no sound of an approaching bomber. Not even the scream of
bombs being dropped.
The reasons England wasn't forced to sign a peace treaty were
these--First, Germany deployed them too late in the war, and was never
able to produce or deploy enough. Second, the V-2 could not be precisely
targeted. It hit randomly, many times out in the countryside were its
warhead could do no damage. And a certain percentage of the rockets
never made it to Britain--they either exploded on the launch pad, or
fell into the channel when the guidance hardware failed.
Well, in the 1950's, the Soviets and the US were mainly working with V-2
rockets. There's lots of movie footage showing how often these rockets
failed to achieve flight. Just like at Peenemünde, the spectacular
failures on the US launch pads made many wonder if rocket flight would
ever be practical. Placing a nuclear warhead on such an unstable system
seemed worse than fool hardy.
Bombers were still the only practical delivery system, and bombers can
be shot down.
And this was the heart of the "Space Race." The first nation to
demonstrate dependable rocketry would be the first nation to possess the
ultimate terror weapon. The success of Sputnik was just such a
demonstration.
Having Alan Shepard and John Glenn splash down in the ocean where you
WANTED them to splash down was an even more powerful demonstration. It
was plain by the early 1960's that both the Soviets and the US were
getting close to having dependable, accurate rockets. Nuclear warheads
on intercontinental rockets were finally an effective deterrent. By
1969, the US had already perfected the Minute Man III solid fueled
rocket.
Missile bases on the Moon were no longer necessary. Silo-based missiles
in Iowa could hit their target on the other side of the globe within 45
minutes. A missile launched from the Moon is 250,000 from target, and
would take over a day to hit its target. Solid fuel rockets required far
less maintenance.
The idea of a Moon Base was no longer necessary by the time Neil
Armstrong misspoke those immortal words as he stepped off the Eagle's
ladder.
The US was already committed, so it went back to the Moon a few more
times. Astronauts played a few rounds of golf there, and never returned.
The Soviets never even really tried to send men there in the first place.
So, when you say "not a bad reason," I suppose you're correct. But it's
hardly a simple question to answer.
>
> Then it became the Space Station and all those
> earth-shattering discoveries from micro-gravity
> research. How has that worked out?
You don't know what you'll find until you look.
>
> Then it was going back to the Moon, and onto Mars
> in the search for life elsewhere. But that didn't fly.
The reasons for "going back to the Moon" are obvious:
October 16, 2003:
"A Chinese space capsule touched down on an isolated patch of the Gobi
Desert Thursday, Oct. 16, successfully completing China's first manned
space mission and bringing back to Earth a new hero, Lt. Col. Yang
Liwei.
"Shenzhou 5, or Divine Vessel 5, landed at 6:23 a.m. after orbiting the
globe 14 times in a 21-hour mission, making China the third country
after Russia and the United States to send a man into space."
-------
From CNN:
November 29, 2003
China plans to land a human on the moon by 2020, the country's chief
space official said in comments broadcast by state television. "By 2020,
we will achieve visiting the moon," said Luan Enjie, director of the
National Aerospace Bureau. Luan used a verb that specifically describes
a human act.
Luan said that would follow the launch of a probe to orbit the moon by
2007 and an unmanned lunar landing by 2010.
-------
January 15, 2004
"BUSH UNVEILS VISION FOR MOON AND BEYOND
"President seeks $1 billion more in NASA funding
"Bush: 'Much remains for us to explore and to learn.'
U.S. President Bush unveils the multi-billion dollar space initiative.
CNN's Miles O'Brien on NASA plans to ask for an incremental budget
increase. President Bush's space proposal includes a permanent presence
on the moon.
"WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Saying "the desire to explore and understand is
part of our character," President Bush Wednesday unveiled an ambitious
plan to return Americans to the moon by 2020 and use the mission as a
steppingstone for future manned trips to Mars and beyond."
http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/01/14/bush.space/
>
> Next up was helium-3 on the Moon. That mythical
> 'unobtanium' which would power and save the future.
> And then another reason which didn't pass the
> laugh test ...water on the Moon. Making colonies
> a cinch they said.
Colonies on the Moon would never be a cinch, of course.
>
> Now, as I type, a NASA talking head on CNN is explaining
> how sending ...men to a football field sized ...asteroid will help
> us learn how to blow them up with nuclear weapons.
> And thus spare humanity from extinction. As one of the 'scientists'
> just said, "if you don't think we're in danger, just ask
> a dinosaur". The asteroid 'menace'.
>
> How sending men to an asteroid will help blow one up is
> beyond me, but as we see, any 'menace' will do.
> What's next? Will it involve Elvis?
No, not Elvis. Bruce Willis and Ben Affleck:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iq6q2BrTino
>
> When will NASA propose a goal that sticks?
>
> Here's one that makes a bit more sense to me....
> What do you think?
>
>
> NASA's Space Solar Power Research Program...SERT
> (canceled by President George W Bush in his first budget)
There's problems with this, as well.
But, sooner or later we're gonna become a Type 1 Civilization. Despite
everything.
--
Neolibertarian
"Global Warming: It ain't the heat, it's the stupidity."