https://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.1811.pdf
2 Calculation versus Observation
2.1 What and how it can be observed
EXCERPT ***************************************************
A classical motion of Mercury’s perihelion advance caused by the interaction
of planets gives the effect 530 arc-sec/per century, see Table 1. This is a
fluctuating part of the background, on which the GR predicted effect of rate
of 43′′ per century must emerge.
In the authors’ works commented below, a powerful (Burlirsch-Stroer)
numerical method of differential equation solution is used with the time-step
about one day chosen to provide a calculational (accumulated in integration)
error of one part in 10E+13. Such a precision is required to ensure a stability
of numerical integration over about 300 year period and reverse back.
...
At the same time, initial conditions are known not better than seven
significant digits. (A position and a velocity of a center of every planet at
a given instant are meant). This must translate into a cumulative error in
calculations about 10 arcsec per century.
.....
The authors do not conduct calculations in the relativistic (PPN) model
because of a drastic rise of computer time. This is quite unfortunate
because one would like to see in the PPN formalism the effect of
ephemerides fluctuation and time instability in the determination of a
small regular relativistic effect on top.
.....
The important part of their works is a criticism of the method of
“Einstein’s effect fitting” used by Clemence and other authors in later times.
In particular, the results obtained by Clemence, also by Morrison and Ward
[23] (1975), are discussed. The matter is that the Clemence’s results were
reanalyzed in [23] in view of the fact that precision of data for masses of
planets and time scaling were significantly improved since Clemence’s time.
....
The low precision of the geocentric angular data having an error of 1′′
are incapable of giving the rate of motion of the perihelion of Mercury to
better that 3′′ per century.
...
After discarding few points, which looked suspicious, the author found a
drastic drop in the least square number for the advanced perihelion value
about 15-16′′ (instead of 43) per century.
His comment was:
“The only conclusion one can draw from the data is thus that they do
not contribute to a decision as to whether the actual motion of the ascending node of the orbit of Mercury exceeds that predicted by the theory”.
END OF EXCERPT ***************************************************
To make the above clear:
1) A numerical analysis of the advance of Mercury's perihelion was made
over 300 years, with a resolution of 1 day/calculation.
2) The position and a velocity of a center of every planet at a given instant
is provided with 7 digits resolution, used as initial conditions at t=0, for the
entire Solar System.
3) With the above precision, a cumulative error of about 10"/cy might be
translated to the final result using the powerful Burlirsch-Stroer numerical
method of differential equation solution. This MASKS ERRORS in relativistic
contribution, as CALCULATED since 1943, posing the eventual value
between 38"/cy and 48"/cy.
This is a warning to consider carefully ANY value obtained since 1943.
All the existing observational estimates, namely those made by Clemence,
Morrison and Ward, and the JPL groups, are suspect.
4) In 1993, after discarding suspicious values from all the previous works,
it was found a drastic drop in the least square number for the advanced
perihelion value about 15-16′′ (instead of 43) per century.
5) The Mercury’s relativistic effect has never been directly observed and
even not evaluated from circumstantial astronomical evidence.
The matter is that the GR theory, at least as it given in literature, does not
provide a clue about distinguishing between the classical drag along with
the equinoxes precession, on the one hand, and relativistic effect, on the
other hand.
So, the conclusion is that the 43"/cy are A MYTH, sustained along decades
by a bunch of "prestigious" astronomers. But, a deep analysis of the total
value of advance under complex numerical analysis using Newton show
that the total contribution to the advance has been FIXED a century ago,
and didn't let place to accept 43"/cy BUT A MUCH LOWER VALUE!!
6) The linearized GR theory of PPN is impossible to compute, due to the
monumental increase in complexity and number of calculations to be done
in order to contemplate the effects of spacetime in the interaction of all
the planets with a single one, each one having a different impact in time
and distances, due to the nature of relativity itself.
So, no solution for N-Body for GR neither for PPN. Whatever is claimed
as a relativistic truth in this matter IS BLATANTLY FALSE, as the 43"/cy.
So, this value has been wrongfully calculated since the times of Newcomb,
in 1896, who corrected Le Verrier 38"/cy from 1857, BECAUSE THE
NEWTONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS WERE WRONGFULLY CALCULATED TOO.
As of today, astronomers KEEP USING Clemence values from 1943:
Newton: 532.33 arcsec/century
GR: 42.98 arcsec/century
Total: 575.31 arcsec/century
The above values are from an undisputed calculation that was made
almost 125 years ago by Newcomb and NOBODY, after Einstein 1919,
dared to refute. In particular, Clemence (1943, 1947, 1952).
GR IS AN HOAX.