Re: Scientists track electrons in molecules
Y.Porat
> Scientists track electrons in moleculeshttp://www.physorg. com/news19565232 7.html
> June 13, 2010 Scientists peek inside molecules
>
> Electron dynamics in molecular hydrogen following photoionisation by
> an attosecond laser pulse. The remaining electron in the molecule
> (depicted in green) is measured experimentally and shown as a mountain
> landscape. Hills and valleys correspond to a higher probability of
> finding the electron on the left and right side of the molecule
> respectively. © Christian Hackenberger
>
> (PhysOrg.com) -- Physicists in Europe have successfully glimpsed the
> motion of electrons in molecules. The results are a major boon for the
> research world. Knowing how electrons move within molecules will
> facilitate observations and fuel our understanding of chemical
> reactions.
>
> Presented in the journal Nature, the study is supported via three
> EU-funded projects.
>
> The physicists, led by Professor Marc Vrakking, Director of the Max
> Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy in
> Germany, used attosecond laser pulses to clinch this latest technical
> feat. Scientists were unable to observe this motion in the past
> because of the extreme speediness of electrons.
>
> An attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second. Light covers
> a distance of less than 1 millionth of a millimetre during an
> attosecond. This is basically equal to the distance from one end of a
> small molecule to the other. By creating attosecond laser pulses, the
> scientists could snap 'pictures' of electrons' movements within
> molecules.
>
> For the purposes of this study, the physicists looked at the hydrogen
> molecule (H2) - with just two protons and two electrons, experts call
> H2 the 'simplest molecule'. The team used their attosecond laser to
> determine how ionisation occurs within a hydrogen molecule.
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for the attention of PD
and his fucking & co.association --
a question:
how do you describe using hf
an
Attosecond laser photon ??!!
( an energy of a photon that is
lasting an 'attosecond '
2
according to my model
H2 is done by TWO ELECTRONS
that are connected covalently
**by two electrons** that has a constant
extension lenght from the nuc
NOT ONLY IN H2
**** but in all chemical and crystalline
connections *** !!!!
how come ??? (:-)
you can get some hints for that
in my abstract
ATB
Y.Porat
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During
> ionisation, one electron is removed from the molecule while the energy
> status of the other electron changes.
>
> 'In our experiment we were able to show for the first time that with
> the help of an attosecond laser we really have the ability to observe
> the movement of electrons in molecules,' Professor Vrakking explained.
> 'First we irradiated a hydrogen molecule with an attosecond laser
> pulse. This led to the removal of an electron from the molecule - the
> molecule was ionised. In addition, we split the molecule into two
> parts using an infrared laser beam, just like with a tiny pair of
> scissors,' he added. 'This allowed us to examine how the charge
> distributed itself between the two fragments - since one electron is
> missing, one fragment will be neutral and the other positively
> charged. We knew where the remaining electron could be found namely in
> the neutral part.'
>
> For the last 30 years or so, scientists have been using femtosecond
> lasers to look at molecules and atoms. A femtosecond is one millionth
> of one billionth of a second, so it makes it 1,000 times slower than
> an attosecond. It is easy to track the movement of molecules and atoms
> when femtosecond lasers are used.
>
> Scientists helped drive this technology forward by developing
> attosecond lasers, which are benefitting diverse studies in natural
> sciences including the study outlined here.
>
> Commenting on the calculations and the complexity of the problem,
> co-author Dr Matthias Kling of the Max-Planck Institut für
> Quantenoptik in Germany, said: 'We found out that also doubly excited
> states, i.e. with excitation of both electrons of molecular hydrogen,
> can contribute to the observed dynamics.'
>
> Professor Vrakking concluded: 'We have not - as we originally expected
> - solved the problem. On the contrary, we have merely opened a door.
> But in fact this makes the entire project much more important and
> interesting. '
>
> More information: Sansone, G., et al. (2010) Electron localization
> following attosecond molecular photoionization. Nature, published
> online 10 June. DOI:10.1038/ nature09084
y.y.porat
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please note that the distance between the two Atoms in the H2 molecule
is not one Angstrom !!
it is not accidental
and it is meaningful !!
ATB
Y.Porat
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y.y.porat
> -------------------------------
y.Porat
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Y.Porat
> electrons do not orbit nucleus center like planets. This is very bad
> thinking Reality is its waves surrounding the nucleus. So keep in mind
> its "waves" that make up electron shells. Still I will ask this with
> my last breath "WHAT IS WAVING" My electron structure theory gives the
> best answer. Fact is an electron can be many places at the same time.
> Best to also have this information. When atoms collide they can form
> stable molecules,and share electrons between them. TreBert
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yet my findings in my table 2 and 3
of my model that
the elctron orbital -length
is quite constant!!!
with changes of less than 10 percent !!
2
thjere are not amy shells of electrons
sort of an onions - some shells closer
and other more distant
OTHA
there are electtons that nelong more to the nucleus
in short
WHAT THEREIS THERE IS
A 'CHAIN OF ORBITALS ""!!
while the basic link of that chain
starts with the Nucleus
TIA
Y.Porat
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