fine structure variable
brian a m stuckless
$$ Fine structure ALPHA a = (n - 1) = 0.007292667189 = 2*pi*ae
= (mD / m1) - 1
= (mp / u) - 1
= (D2 / u) - 2
= (He3 / u) - 3
= (He4 / u) - 4 ..alpha PARTiCLE, He4
= (X5 / u) - 5
= (X6 / u) - 6
= (Lithium7 / u) - 7
NUCLEAR mass Xi -> = (Xi / u) - x ..CHARACTER number, x
= (Xi - u*x) / u ..ATOMiC mass unit u
= (mp + me - H_y) / u .. .. .. ..in amu
= NUCLEAR BiNDiNG ENERGY / u*c^2 .. .. ..in amu
= (mp - u) / u .. .. .. ..in amu
= (mD - m1) / m1
SiGNETiC mass mS -> = mS / m1 ..GUESS TEST mass m1
= Moo / a*me
= me*re / Mp*lp ... continue..
= me*re / {mph}*ls ..lp/4*(pi)^2=ls
= nA*me*re / [mph]*r1
= 4*pi*me*re / Moo*loo ..the RYDBERG loo ...
= (vescape)^2 / 2*v1^2
= 4*pi*Roo*me*re / Moo ..HARTREE mass, Moo
= 2*pi*c*me*re / h
= c*me*re / hbar
= 4*pi*Roo*re / a^2
= 4*pi*re / a^2*loo
= 2*pi*re / wlc ..COMPTON wave, wlc
= re / wlbar ..wlbar also, wls
BOHR radius ao -> = ao*a*re / (wlbar)^2
= (ao)^2*a^2*re / (wlbar)^3
= (re)^2 / (wlbar)^2*a
= ao*(re)^2 / (wlbar)^3
= ao*a^2 / wlbar
= 2*pi*ao*a^2 / wlc
= wlbar*a^2 / re ..CLASSY me radius re
= (ao)^2*a^3 / (wlbar)^2
= ao*a^3 / re
= (wlbar)^2*a^3 / (re)^2
= wlbar*ao*a^4 / (re)^2
= (ao)^2*a^4 / re*wlbar
= (ao)^2*a^5 / (re)^2
= (ao)^3*a^5 / re*(wlbar)^2
= wlbar*(ao)^2*a^6 / (re)^3
= (ao)^3*a^7 / (re)^3
= (ao)^3*a^6 / (re)^2*wlbar
= (wlbar)^2*ao*a^5 / (re)^3
= (wlbar)^3*a^4 / (re)^3
= (ao)^3*a^4 / (wlbar)^3
= 4*pi*c^2*me*re / Vu*{e}*loo ..continued next page,
= 4*pi*c^2*me*re / eH*loo
continued.. = 4*pi*c^2*me*re / Vu*{e}*loo
= 4*pi*c^2*me*re / eH*loo
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / Vu*{e}
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / 10*"e"*{e}*Volt
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / 10*"e"*{{e})
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / 10*"e"*eV
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / eH ..HARTREE energy, eH.
$$ The GUESS iSS, PROTON mass mp = (a + 1)*u = mn / (ae + 1)
= H_y + a*u - me = Zs*h*c*mn / Ue
= H_y + mp - u - me = Ub*mn / Ue
= (H_y - me) + a*u = 2*mn / ge
= u + a*u = Ub*me / Un
= (QUARKs) + a*u = 2*Ue*me / Un*ge
= D2 - mp + a*u = {e}*hbar / 2*Un
= D2 - u = (a + 1)*me / 10^4*Qx.
$$ Nomenclature:
D2 = Deuterium NUCLEAR MASS Zs = Zeeman splitting constant.
H_y = Normal Hydrogen ATOM h = Planck's constant.
mp = proton mass hbar = Dirac's --> h / 2*pi.
mn = neutron mass ge = electron gyromagnetic ratio.
u = ATOMiC MASS UNiT (amu). Ue = electron magnetic moment.
me = PROPER electron mass. Ub = Bohr magneton.
a = Fine STRUCTURE Constant. Un = NUCLEAR magneton.
a*u*c^2 = NUCLEAR Binding ENERGY.!! {e} = elementary charge.
ae = (ge - 2) / 2 = a / 2*pi = electro-magnetic moment ANOMALY.
Qx = Universal DiMENSiONLESS Stefan-Boltzmann Radiation NUMBER.
Above independent of any Unit System ..but, GUESS-iSS-defined.
Note:
Maxwell's "AMBiENT permittivity COEFFiCiENT" = epsilon Er.
[e]^2 = Old STANDARD charge squared = {e}^2 / 4*pi*Er*Eo.
Eo = GUESS STANDARD permittivity = epsilon = 1 / Uo*c^2.
Uo = " STANDARD permeability = 4*pi / 10^7 -> Wb/A*m.
$$ The GUESS SiGNETiC mass, mS
= mD - m1 = (n - 1)*m1 = m1*(vescape)^2/(2*v1^2).
The GUESS iSS, Electron mass, me = eH/a^2*c^2 = Moo/a^2 = 10^4*Qx*u.
Electric Potential Vu = 10*("e")*Volts ..Unit dist @ quantum CHARGE.
Quantum CHARGE {e} = BASiC elementary CHARGE -> Amp*sec ..units.
Ub = BOHR magneton -> Amp*(meter)^2 ..units.
(ao) = BOHR radius.
Note Uo & Eo CANNOT BOTH equal UNiTY ..in any *COHERENT* SYSTEM.
(Mp)^2 = PLANCK mass squared = M1*m1*Er / (n - 1)*a ..over/a^2.
Er = The Maxwell permittivity Eo STANDARD coefficient.
(lo)^2 = The "MYSTERiOUS Magnetic Length constant", ..squared.
eG = GiBB's free energy, the old CHEMiSTRY icon, [G].
$$ Go-go search: < fine structure variable >< isotopic table >.
< GUESS nomenclature >< My BiGGER bang.!! >< ascii iSS GUESS >.
Google < http://groups.google.ca/grphp?hl=en&tab=wg&ie=UTF-8 >.
$$ Sincerely, ```Brian A M Stuckless, Ph.T (Tivity).
Chris
--
Chris
"brian a m stuckless" <bas...@nf.sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:442320...@nf.sympatico.ca...
brian a m stuckless
= 4*pi*c^2*me*re / eH*loo
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / Vu*{e}
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / 10*"e"*{e}*Volt
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / 10*"e"*{{e})
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / 10*"e"*eV
= 4*pi*Roo*c^2*me*re / eH ..HARTREE energy, eH.
$$ The GUESS iSS, PROTON mass mp = (a + 1)*u = mn / (ae + 1)
= H_y + a*u - me = Zs*h*c*mn / Ue
= H_y + mp - u - me = Ub*mn / Ue
= (H_y - me) + a*u = 2*mn / ge
= u + a*u = Ub*me / Un
= (QUARKs) + a*u = 2*Ue*me / Un*ge
= D2 - mp + a*u = {e}*hbar / 2*Un
= D2 - u = (a + 1)*me / 10^4*Qx.
$$ Nomenclature:
D2 = Deuterium NUCLEAR MASS Zs = Zeeman splitting constant.
H_y = Normal Hydrogen ATOM h = 2*#*{e} = Planck's constant.
mp = proton mass hbar = Dirac's constant = h/2*pi.
mn = neutron mass ge = electron gyromagnetic ratio.
u = ATOMiC MASS UNiT (amu). Ue = electron magnetic moment.
me = PROPER electron mass. Ub = Bohr magneton -> A*m^2.
a = Fine STRUCTURE Constant. Un = NUCLEAR magneton.
a*u*c^2 = NUCLEAR Binding ENERGY.!! {e} = Quantum charge.
ae = (ge - 2) / 2 = a / 2*pi = electro-magnetic moment ANOMALY.
Qx = Universal DiMENSiONLESS Stefan-Boltzmann Radiation NUMBER.
ABOVE independent of any Unit System, but is GUESS-iSS-defined.
Note:
Maxwell's "AMBiENT permittivity COEFFiCiENT" = epsilon Er.
[e]^2 = Old STANDARD charge squared = {e}^2 / 4*pi*Er*Eo.
Eo = GUESS STANDARD permittivity = epsilon = 1 / Uo*c^2.
Uo = " STANDARD permeability = 4*pi / 10^7 -> Wb/A*m.
$$ The GUESS SiGNETiC mass, mS
= mD - m1 = (n - 1)*m1 = m1*(vescape)^2/(2*v1^2).
The GUESS iSS, Electron mass, me = eH/a^2*c^2 = Moo/a^2 = 10^4*Qx*u.
Electric Potential Vu = 10*("e")*Volts ..Unit dist @ quantum CHARGE.
Quantum CHARGE {e} = BASiC elementary CHARGE -> Amp*sec ..units.
(ao) = BOHR radius.
Note Uo & Eo CANNOT BOTH equal UNiTY ..in any *COHERENT* SYSTEM.
(Mp)^2 = PLANCK mass squared = M1*m1*Er / (n - 1)*a ..over/a^2.
Er = The Maxwell permittivity Eo STANDARD coefficient.
(lo)^2 = The "MYSTERiOUS Magnetic Length constant", ..squared.
eG = GiBB's free energy, the old CHEMiSTRY icon, [G].
$$ Go-go search: < fine structure variable >< isotopic table >.
< GUESS nomenclature >< My BiGGER bang.!! >< ascii iSS GUESS >.
Google < http://groups.google.ca/grphp?hl=en&tab=wg&ie=UTF-8 >.
$$ Sincerely, ```Brian A M Stuckless, Ph.T (Tivity).
$$ /\
$$ __ _\/_ __
$$ \_\/_/\_\/_/
$$ /\_\/_/\ ("`-/")_.-'"``-._
$$ _\/_/\_\/_ \. . `; -._ )-;-, `)
$$ /_/\_\/_/\_\ \ / (v_,) _ )`-.\ ``-'
$$ /\ - O - _ .- _..-_/ / ((.'
$$ \/ / \ ((,.-' ((,/ By: Toe.!
$$ By deeds you know them.!! >><> >><> >><> >><> >><>
BEHOLD, IAM THAT IAM hath circumcised the FORESKiNs of your hearts.!!
BEHOLD, IAM THAT IAM WHOLLY WHOLLY WHOLLY He ..and no more is more.!!
Chris
It is the splitting of the spectral lines caused by the interaction of the
nuclear spin with the electronic orbital.
I believe the number 137 occurs as a ratio but it has no other significance.
I was given a lecture once that it has some other fundimental significance
but I have no recall of what it was.
It is not variable it is a constant.
--
Chris
>
tadchem
Very Large Telescope sets stringent limit on possible variation of the
fine-structure constant over cosmological time
http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2004/pr-05-04.html
Tom Davidson
Richmond, VA
Sam Wormley
Revisiting Variable Constants
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm#News
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Dalpha-2005sm.gif
A new preprint claims to have achieved a, much higher accuracy in
measuring the variation in the fine structure constant, alpha. The
previous claim to have seen a variation, which was viewed with
skepticism, is based on the red data points, while the blue points show
the 21 cm results and the new paper gives the black point which is
consistent with no variation in the physical constants.
See: http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Dalpha-2005.gif
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Dalpha-2005sm.gif
Most precise single redshift bound to the variability of the fine-structure constant
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512287
Verification of theoretical predictions of an oscillating behavior of
the fine-structure constant, alpha, with cosmic time requires high
precision measurements at individual redshifts, while in earlier
studies the mean Delta alpha/alpha values averaged over wide redshift
intervals were usually reported. This requirement can be met via the
Single Ion Differential alpha Measurement (SIDAM) procedure. We apply
SIDAM to the FeII lines associated with the damped Ly-alpha system
observed at z=1.15 in the spectrum of HE0515-4414. The weighted mean
calculated on base of carefully selected 34 FeII pairs is <Delta
alpha/alpha>=(-0.07+/-0.84)10^{-6}. The precision of this estimate
represents the absolute improvement with respect to what has been
done in the measurements of Delta alpha/alpha.
FrediFizzx
news:elcVf.121350$zk4....@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk...
With respect to how close one gets to an electron, it is variable. It
is a "running" coupling "constant". However, in a picture with "Quantum
Vacuum Charge" the square root of the fine structure constant is simply
the ratio between elementary electronic charge and quantum vacuum
charge, +,- sqrt(hbar*c). ;-)
FrediFizzx
http://www.vacuum-physics.com/QVC/quantum_vacuum_charge.pdf
or postscript
http://www.vacuum-physics.com/QVC/quantum_vacuum_charge.ps