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The creation of momentum with electromagnetic force

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banerjee...@gmail.com

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Mar 14, 2022, 6:51:49 PM3/14/22
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The creation of momentum with my new invention, the low voltage heavy armature rail gun.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYtyOMbgiZ0

The updating of Newtonian laws of motion... delete "external" from the first law and add "mechanical" to action in the third law

Cheers,
Arindam Banerjee
Director
HTN Research Pty Ltd
Melbourne

banerjee...@gmail.com

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Mar 15, 2022, 2:23:49 AM3/15/22
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This will involve the rewriting of all physics textbooks, based upon the following theories and insights.

The physics aphorisms of Arindam

1.1 While relativity is completely wrong, such cannot be said of quantum theory.

1.2 However it depends upon energy levels of the orbital electrons. It ignores the existence of aether. It is devoid of any geometric basis for electron movement.

1.3 Depending upon energy levels to begin with is perilous. Energy is for business and money-making - the physicist should be interested primarily about forces. And as force unlike power/energy is a vector quantity, and so has direction, the geometrical situation is of paramount importance.

1.4 Using quantum theory, reflection of light may be explained this way - an incoming packet of energy called a photon causes an electron to jump from a lower energy orbital shell to a higher energy orbital shell. This is unstable, so it jumps down from the higher energy orbital shell to the lower energy orbital shell. The difference in energy is emitted now as a photon.

1.5 In 1.4 above the implicit notion is that the electron orbits are circular. It is also implied that the photon must have some mass as it has energy following e=mcc, and this mass with movmentum mc has the energy to kick up the electron to the higher orbit shell.

1.6 Now let us consider the above phenomenon in terms of aether, forces and geometries.

1.7 Aether by definition is a very fine solid through which all protons and electrons and neutrons pass the way bullets may go through grass which does not break but just bends. The photon in the aetheric context is a small burst of radiant energy. It is a disturbance with no mass.

1.8 When this aetheric disturbance caused by the radiation reaches the electron and as it envelops the electron, it changes the orbit of the electron by displacement.

1.9 In the process of displacement the disturbance loses its energy as the force to displace the electron is lost with the movement of the electron. This is for the first quarter cycle of the wave - from zero to peak

1.10 As a result of the energy absorption the orbit of the electron is no longer circular but elliptical, and more "high energy" that way.

1.11 An electric field is created with the dipole effect caused by the elliptic orbit. There was no electric field before the disturbance; now there is; so there has been a change of electric field meaning that has to be a corresponding changing magnetic field. Which will creating another changing electric field and so on till we have a burst of radiation, equivalent to the photon.

1.12 The electron at the higher energy level or greater ellipticity can be returned to the original orbit shell with the next quarter of the wave, from peak to zero. Again, as per 1.11 there will be a electromagnetic wave formation completing the half cycle.

1.13 The electron in this case does not behave as a single orbiting particle but as a thin and elastic rubber band.

1.14 The idea of the electron not as a particle but as a rubber band is of crucial importance in our study of he nucleus of an atom.





2.1 Aether, a solid made of infinitely fine particles, fills the entire
infinite universe.

2.2 The particles can vibrate, that is, oscillate about their mean positions.

2.3 The only force in the universe is electric as matter is made up of positive and negative charges.

2.4 When the electric field changes, it creates a changing magnetic field, which creates a changing electric field and so on. The changing electric fields vibrate the aether.

2.5 If the electric field loops as in a current, there is a steady magnetic field.

2.6 Matter is made up of negative charges called electrons and protons that are positive charges.

2.7 Under mutual attraction, they go through aether as a diver through a wave. When static, they let the wave push them this way and that.

2.8 Aether is a solid but its density cannot be found as aether fills everything including the space within the atom.

2.9 Only the density of protons and electrons can be estimated, for their mass and volume may be known from experiments.

2.10 Aether cannot affect the normal movement of the electrons and protons as they go through aether. There is no drag.

2.11 Aether bends to let electrons and protons squeeze through. No loss of momentum, thus, in the normal situation.

2.11 But with the applies electric field there is aetheric swaying from
vibration about their mean positions according to the frequency of the
changing electric field. This is what moves the electrons from their normal states. In this displacement of the electron the kinetic energy of the electromagnetic wave is absorbed.

2.12 Thus only when there is an electric field causing vibration to the aether there is momentum transfer to the electron.

2.13 Electrons are like rubber bands while protons may be spherical.




3.1 The aether particles are infinitely small by definition.

3.2 As they are infinitely small like points they have as you say no shape nor structure not volume.

3.3 Under the impact of electrical forces they vibrate and this vibration impacts upon the momentum of the electrons.

3.4 Thus the kinetic energy of the vibration transforms to the kinetic energy of the electron.

3.5 The reverse situation happens when the electron loses its kinetic energy. It creates the aetheric vibration.

3.6 This is understood it as water molecules going past a very thin set of wires forming a sieve. Only this time the water molecules stick to each other in their relative positions.

3.7 Aether particles bend aside to let the electrons and protons pass through them.





4.1 The definition of aether follows from a book referred to and quoted from in my 2005 post.'

https://groups.google.com/d/msg/soc.culture.australian/wwQ4LkfM4bc/7uhLA2kLDfQJ

4.2 aether: a solid where infinitely fine, infinitely elastic particles filling the entire infinite universe including the inter-atomic spaces maintain their respective positions. It is the medium for the propagation of energy with electromagnetic waves.

4.3 The 19th century notions of aether are extended to explain the propagation of electromagnetic waves acting upon the electrons in matter; and how matter receives these waves and creates these waves. This is the field approach where forces with their directions are given primary importance.

4.4 This is a far superior and intuitive approach than its alternative, the energy based quantum theory which depends solely upon assumptions piled upon assumptions.




5.1 Consider a firecracker - the amount of gunpowder is small as compared to the amount of packing. When the cracker explodes, the paper or string is blown out. It is supposed that the energy of the firecracker comes from the powder alone. For the string or paper surrounding the powder is chemically inert.

5.2 The above fact, that packing is needed for powerful explosions, was very well known to all those using muzzle loader guns. They had to pack the powder in.

5.3 That loose powder does not explode, merely burns well, is also clearly shown by the behaviour of fuses.

5.4 If we go by the calorie output of fuses and crackers, we should get the same result.

5.4 However firecrackers, bombs, etc. that require a lot of packing (paper or steel casing) produce a lot more kinetic energy than the fuse.

5.5 This kinetic energy is evidently coming from the packing.

5.6 Tighter the packing, greater the energy.

5.7 These are some of the basic issues, observed from Nature, that will be useful to understand the formula of energy creation and destruction, namely 0.5mVVN(N-k).





6.1 Let a mass m in free space have within its geometry an internal energy source that can increase its velocity by an amount v each time an amount of energy k.E from it is utilised. The kinetic increases after each hit increases by E = 0.5mvv. k is an efficiency factor greater than 1 related to the losses involved in converting the internal energy to the kinetic energy. After N hits the velocity will be Nv. With respect to the initial state the kinetic energy of the mass will be 0.5mvvNN. The internal energy used up will be NkE or 0.5mvvNk. Thus the increase in energy e after N hits will be, if N>k, e=0.5mvvN(N-k).

6.2 The most obvious display of internal energy creating internal force
equally in directions is the chemical explosion. A matchstick, a bullet, a chemical bomb - these are all examples of chemical explosion showing the utilisation of internal energy used for creating internal force, that causing heat and kinetic energy to the surroundings.

6.3 Aphorisms 5.1 to 5.7 (given below) elaborate on the nature of the explosion in relation to the energy generated, with respect to packing of the explosive matter.

6.4 The nuclear explosion creates a great deal more destructive kinetic
energy than a chemical explosion. This is because the packing in a nuclear explosion is much more dense than a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction atoms are involved. In a nuclear reaction the nucleus is involved.

6.5 In quantitative terms, the dimension of an atom is of the order of
10^-10m; the dimension of the nucleus is of the order of 10^-15m or 10^5 times more. This is the linear dimension - in three dimensions the packing of nuclei will be denser by a factor of 10^15. However in a nuclear explosion it is not as if all the atoms are bunched up as nuclei - so the packing factor is in between 10^5 to 10^15. Let us say that a nuclear explosion the active constituents are packed to the order of 10^6 with respect to the chemical explosion to be conservative.

6.6 From the above rough analysis, it is obvious that the nuclear explosion, for the same mass, should be 10^10 times more powerful than the chemical explosion. 1 ton of TNT generates 5*10^9 joules; a nuclear bomb of mass 1 ton of active material (the nuclear material plus the packing surrounds) should thus generate 5*10^15 joules. Now a hydrogen bomb of 1 Megaton generates 5*10^15 joules.

6.7 Thus the simple matter of packing the fissile material explains the vast disparity of energy between the nuclear explosion and the chemical explosion.

6.8 What is happening is that the N factor in the equation e=0.5mvvN(N-k)
is much higher for the nuclear explosion than it is for the chemical. Each atom in m gets hit N times in any explosion - greater the packing, more the N. The outer atoms get hit by inner atoms that are getting out in all directions, again and again. The force is directed in all directions; the non-fissile elements get hit by the fissile atoms that keep on expanding out at a great velocity.

7.0 About the hydrogen bomb, and how the so-called strong nuclear force is actually the familiar electrostatic force operating at the atomic nucleus level.

7.1 The hydrogen atom is composed of a single proton and a single electron circling around it, as per the most established model of the hydrogen atom. There are isotopes of hydrogen occuring naturally - there is a neutron associated with that single proton. It is this isotope - deuterium - of hydrogen that is used in nuclear bombs (called hydrogen bombs, based upon supposed fusion).


7.2 In fusion, the deuterium is supposed to become another isotope - tritium - after intense heat is applied as a result of an earlier fission bomb. There is apparently a drop in mass, that is translated into energy. However, we can propose another alternative explanation for this great energy.


7.3 Consider a neutron to be a close union of a proton and an electron. The bond between them is extraordinarily strong - two charges joined at a zero distance, so the bonding force is very great. However, let us assert that the electron does not lose its identity even in this close union.


7.4 A deuterium atom can thus be seen as the union of two protons joined by an electron. The bonding force here is very strong, but can be broken with enormous impact is caused as a result of nuclear fission.


7.5 Nuclear fission causes the extraordinary aether vibration to break apart the bonding in the deuterium atom. The two protons in the nucleus cannot be held together by the electron. As the electron gives up its hold, the two protons, that are at a very close distance, move apart with extraordinary force.


7.6 The movement of the protons with respect to the electron causes a time varying electric field, which will create a time varying magnetic field, and together they will proceed as a very high energy electromagnetic gamma ray once again causing aetheric vibration. This vibration will dissociate the other deuterium atoms, causing a chain reaction. Being very fast, and very powerful with the most extrordinary electrostatic forces being released, the hydrogen bomb is thus created.

7.7 The hydrogen bomb thus has nothing to do with fusion, but with the fission of the deuterium isotope of hydrogen.

7.8 The deuterium isotope may be considered the fundamental building block for the nuclei of all other elements. Multiples of them, with extra neutrons, constitute the nuclei of the heavier elements. The electrons glue the protons together, while presenting a net positive charge that are balanced by the electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Skittles

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Apr 2, 2022, 5:22:39 PM4/2/22
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On Mon, 14 Mar 2022 23:23:48 -0700 (PDT), "banerjee...@gmail.com"
<banerjee...@gmail.com> wrote:

>On Tuesday, 15 March 2022 at 09:51:49 UTC+11, banerjee...@gmail.com wrote:
>> The creation of momentum with my new invention, the low voltage heavy armature rail gun.
>>
>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYtyOMbgiZ0
>>
>> The updating of Newtonian laws of motion... delete "external" from the first law and add "mechanical" to action in the third law
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Arindam Banerjee
>> Director
>> HTN Research Pty Ltd
>> Melbourne
>
>This will involve the rewriting of all physics textbooks, based upon the following theories and insights.
>
>The physics aphorisms of Arindam
>
>1.1 While relativity is completely wrong, such cannot be said of quantum theory.

IS THAT THE GENERAL OR SPECIAL RELATIVITY THAT IS COMPLETELY WRONG?

>
>1.2 However it depends upon energy levels of the orbital electrons. It ignores the existence of aether. It is devoid of any geometric basis for electron movement.

WHAT IS THE REFERENCE FRAME THAT DETERMINES THE ENERGY OF THE
ELECTRON?



>
>1.3 Depending upon energy levels to begin with is perilous. Energy is for business and money-making - the physicist should be interested primarily about forces. And as force unlike power/energy is a vector quantity, and so has direction, the geometrical situation is of paramount importance.

THE POYNTING VECTOR IS A MEASURE OF ENERGY FLOW


>
>1.4 Using quantum theory, reflection of light may be explained this way - an incoming packet of energy called a photon causes an electron to jump from a lower energy orbital shell to a higher energy orbital shell. This is unstable, so it jumps down from the higher energy orbital shell to the lower energy orbital shell. The difference in energy is emitted now as a photon.

FOR THIS TO BE TRUE THE DIFFERENCE IN ENERGY FOR EMISSION HAS TO
EXACTLY EQUAL THE ENERGY OF THE IMPINGING PHOTON OTHERWISE IT WILL
HAVE A DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH



>
>1.5 In 1.4 above the implicit notion is that the electron orbits are circular. It is also implied that the photon must have some mass as it has energy following e=mcc, and this mass with movmentum mc has the energy to kick up the electron to the higher orbit shell.

REST MASS OR ELECTROMAGNETIC MASS?


>
>1.6 Now let us consider the above phenomenon in terms of aether, forces and geometries.
>
>1.7 Aether by definition is a very fine solid through which all protons and electrons and neutrons pass the way bullets may go through grass which does not break but just bends. The photon in the aetheric context is a small burst of radiant energy. It is a disturbance with no mass.

IF IT IS SOLID THEN HOW CAN ANYTHING PASS THROUGH IT? IF IT'S SOLID
THEN DOES THE COULOMB GAUGE APPLY?


>
>1.8 When this aetheric disturbance caused by the radiation reaches the electron and as it envelops the electron, it changes the orbit of the electron by displacement.

IF THINGS PASS THROUGH THE AETHER THEN HOW IS THE ELECTRON DISPLACED?


>
>1.9 In the process of displacement the disturbance loses its energy as the force to displace the electron is lost with the movement of the electron. This is for the first quarter cycle of the wave - from zero to peak
>

DOES THIS MEAN THAT LIGHT SLOWS DOWN AS IT TRAVELS?


>1.10 As a result of the energy absorption the orbit of the electron is no longer circular but elliptical, and more "high energy" that way.

WHY CANT THE ORBIT BE CIRCULAR WITH THE NUCLEUS BEING OFF CENTER?



>
>1.11 An electric field is created with the dipole effect caused by the elliptic orbit. There was no electric field before the disturbance; now there is; so there has been a change of electric field meaning that has to be a corresponding changing magnetic field. Which will creating another changing electric field and so on till we have a burst of radiation, equivalent to the photon.


IF A CHANGING E FIELD CAUSE A CHANGING H FIELD WHICH CAUSES A CHANGING
E FIELD, WHY THEN IS E&H RELATED THROUGH THE INTRINSIC IMPEDANCE OF
SPACE EXCEPT WHEN IT HAS PASSED THROUGH SHIELDING MATERIAL AND BACK
INTO FREE SPACE?






>
>1.12 The electron at the higher energy level or greater ellipticity can be returned to the original orbit shell with the next quarter of the wave, from peak to zero. Again, as per 1.11 there will be a electromagnetic wave formation completing the half cycle.

WHAT FORCES IT TO RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL ORBIT?


>
>1.13 The electron in this case does not behave as a single orbiting particle but as a thin and elastic rubber band.

A RUBBER BAND IS COMPOSED OF MANY PARTICLES. WHAT IS THE RESTORING
FORCE?


>
>1.14 The idea of the electron not as a particle but as a rubber band is of crucial importance in our study of he nucleus of an atom.

HOW MANY ELECTRONS ARE THERE IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM?



>
>
>
>
>
>2.1 Aether, a solid made of infinitely fine particles, fills the entire
>infinite universe.


PARTICLES OR WAVES? HOW DOES THE DEBROGLIE WAVELENGTH COME ABOUT?


>
>2.2 The particles can vibrate, that is, oscillate about their mean positions.

WHAT HOLDS THEM IN PLACE, WHAT IS THE RESTORATION FORCE?



>
>2.3 The only force in the universe is electric as matter is made up of positive and negative charges.

WHAT FORCES ARE INVOLVED WHEN 2 NEUTRONS COLLIDE?



>
>2.4 When the electric field changes, it creates a changing magnetic field, which creates a changing electric field and so on. The changing electric fields vibrate the aether.

DOES A SINGLE MOVING ELECTRON HAVE A MAGNETIC FIELD?



>
>2.5 If the electric field loops as in a current, there is a steady magnetic field.

DOES A SINGLE MOVING ELECTRON IS A STRAIGHT LINE HAVE A MAGNETIC
FIELD?


>
>2.6 Matter is made up of negative charges called electrons and protons that are positive charges.

NO NEUTRONS THEN.



>
>2.7 Under mutual attraction, they go through aether as a diver through a wave. When static, they let the wave push them this way and that.

IS THE FORCE OF THEIR ATTRACTION DUE TO THE AETHER?


>
>2.8 Aether is a solid but its density cannot be found as aether fills everything including the space within the atom.

IF THE DENSITY ISNT KNOWN, HOW IS IT KNOWN THAT IT IS SOLID?


>
>2.9 Only the density of protons and electrons can be estimated, for their mass and volume may be known from experiments.

DOES AETHER HAVE MASS THEN?


>
>2.10 Aether cannot affect the normal movement of the electrons and protons as they go through aether. There is no drag.

IF THERE IS NO DRAG THEN SURELY THESE PARTICLES CAN EXCEED THE SPEED
OF LIGHT


>
>2.11 Aether bends to let electrons and protons squeeze through. No loss of momentum, thus, in the normal situation.


IF THEY SQUEEZE THROUGH ARE THEY REFRACTED BY THE GRANULARITY OF THE
AETHER?



>
>2.11 But with the applies electric field there is aetheric swaying from
>vibration about their mean positions according to the frequency of the
>changing electric field. This is what moves the electrons from their normal states. In this displacement of the electron the kinetic energy of the electromagnetic wave is absorbed.

IF THE ENERGY IS ABSORBED HOW COULD ANY WAVE BE REFLECTED?




>
>2.12 Thus only when there is an electric field causing vibration to the aether there is momentum transfer to the electron.

WHERE DOES THIS MOMENTUM COME FROM? IF THERE IS A TIME DELAY FROM THE
SOURCE TO THE ELECTRON, HOW IS MOMENTUM CONSERVED?




>
>2.13 Electrons are like rubber bands while protons may be spherical.
>
>
HOW IS THIS MEASURED?
>
>
>3.1 The aether particles are infinitely small by definition.

WOULDNT THAT MAKE THE AETHER A FLUID?


>
>3.2 As they are infinitely small like points they have as you say no shape nor structure not volume.

IF THEY HAVE NO VOLUME HOW CAN THEY FILL ANYTHING?

>
>3.3 Under the impact of electrical forces they vibrate and this vibration impacts upon the momentum of the electrons.



>
>3.4 Thus the kinetic energy of the vibration transforms to the kinetic energy of the electron.
>
>3.5 The reverse situation happens when the electron loses its kinetic energy. It creates the aetheric vibration.
>
>3.6 This is understood it as water molecules going past a very thin set of wires forming a sieve. Only this time the water molecules stick to each other in their relative positions.

SURFACE TENSION AND POLAR MOLECULES = WATER


>
>3.7 Aether particles bend aside to let the electrons and protons pass through them.

HOW DOES THE AETHER KNOW ITS TIME TO BEND ASIDE?



YOU MAY HAVE AN INTEREST IN THIS, IT'S RECOMMENDED TO READ AT LEAST
THE FIRST 20-30 PAGES:


<http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/RecevedConsiderations/RolandDishington/2001Rev.pdf>



banerjee...@gmail.com

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Apr 26, 2022, 7:21:07 PM4/26/22
to
On Sunday, 3 April 2022 at 07:22:39 UTC+10, Skittles wrote:
> On Mon, 14 Mar 2022 23:23:48 -0700 (PDT), "banerjee...@gmail.com"
> <banerjee...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >On Tuesday, 15 March 2022 at 09:51:49 UTC+11, banerjee...@gmail.com wrote:
> >> The creation of momentum with my new invention, the low voltage heavy armature rail gun.
> >>
> >> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYtyOMbgiZ0
> >>
> >> The updating of Newtonian laws of motion... delete "external" from the first law and add "mechanical" to action in the third law
> >>
> >> Cheers,
> >> Arindam Banerjee
> >> Director
> >> HTN Research Pty Ltd
> >> Melbourne
> >
> >This will involve the rewriting of all physics textbooks, based upon the following theories and insights.
> >
> >The physics aphorisms of Arindam
> >
> >1.1 While relativity is completely wrong, such cannot be said of quantum theory.
> IS THAT THE GENERAL OR SPECIAL RELATIVITY THAT IS COMPLETELY WRONG?
Both.
> >
> >1.2 However it depends upon energy levels of the orbital electrons. It ignores the existence of aether. It is devoid of any geometric basis for electron movement.
> WHAT IS THE REFERENCE FRAME THAT DETERMINES THE ENERGY OF THE
> ELECTRON?
As per standard texts electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom at certain energy levels. Greater the distance of the radius of the orbit from the nucleus centre, higher the energy in the sense that it takes external force or external energy to make it go to the higher energy state.
> >
> >1.3 Depending upon energy levels to begin with is perilous. Energy is for business and money-making - the physicist should be interested primarily about forces. And as force unlike power/energy is a vector quantity, and so has direction, the geometrical situation is of paramount importance.
> THE POYNTING VECTOR IS A MEASURE OF ENERGY FLOW
Yes. Physicists should avoid talk of energy. Talk of forces instead.
> >
> >1.4 Using quantum theory, reflection of light may be explained this way - an incoming packet of energy called a photon causes an electron to jump from a lower energy orbital shell to a higher energy orbital shell. This is unstable, so it jumps down from the higher energy orbital shell to the lower energy orbital shell. The difference in energy is emitted now as a photon.
> FOR THIS TO BE TRUE THE DIFFERENCE IN ENERGY FOR EMISSION HAS TO
> EXACTLY EQUAL THE ENERGY OF THE IMPINGING PHOTON OTHERWISE IT WILL
> HAVE A DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH
Yes.
> >
> >1.5 In 1.4 above the implicit notion is that the electron orbits are circular. It is also implied that the photon must have some mass as it has energy following e=mcc, and this mass with movmentum mc has the energy to kick up the electron to the higher orbit shell.
> REST MASS OR ELECTROMAGNETIC MASS?
I don't know, they are both nonsense to me. Just that if the photon has energy e which is equal to mcc, it must have mass e/(cc) = m. Whether it is rest mass or electromagnetic, is up to the believer. Going by quantum theory logic, there can be no rest mass for a photon, so that way it has to be electromagnetic whatever that may mean in the context.
> >
> >1.6 Now let us consider the above phenomenon in terms of aether, forces and geometries.
> >
> >1.7 Aether by definition is a very fine solid through which all protons and electrons and neutrons pass the way bullets may go through grass which does not break but just bends. The photon in the aetheric context is a small burst of radiant energy. It is a disturbance with no mass.
> IF IT IS SOLID THEN HOW CAN ANYTHING PASS THROUGH IT? IF IT'S SOLID
> THEN DOES THE COULOMB GAUGE APPLY?

See what I wrote above the way bullets move through grass. As the aether has being infinitely small has indefinite density it does not oppose/retard the movement of protons and electrons and neutrons through it.
The notion of infinity works like that.
The universe is infinitely large - the aetheric component of it, is, inversely, infinitely small
This is the way the universe is designed.
Infinite, in time and space composed of aether, the fundamental component.
I don't know about "Coulomb Gauge".
> >
> >1.8 When this aetheric disturbance caused by the radiation reaches the electron and as it envelops the electron, it changes the orbit of the electron by displacement.
> IF THINGS PASS THROUGH THE AETHER THEN HOW IS THE ELECTRON DISPLACED?
Things always pass through aether.
In steady state there is no displacement.
When aether itself vibrates, there is displacment.
Just like a ship on steady water moves steadily.
When the water moves as in random waves, it cannot move steadily.
> >
> >1.9 In the process of displacement the disturbance loses its energy as the force to displace the electron is lost with the movement of the electron. This is for the first quarter cycle of the wave - from zero to peak
> >
> DOES THIS MEAN THAT LIGHT SLOWS DOWN AS IT TRAVELS?
When any light is blocked its speed becomes zero, yes. Like anything kinetic.
Speed of light varies with the medium.
In glass it moves slower.
> >1.10 As a result of the energy absorption the orbit of the electron is no longer circular but elliptical, and more "high energy" that way.
> WHY CANT THE ORBIT BE CIRCULAR WITH THE NUCLEUS BEING OFF CENTER?
If the nucleus is off centre then the orbit has to be elliptic.
And that is what is happening when the electron is displaced.
> >
> >1.11 An electric field is created with the dipole effect caused by the elliptic orbit. There was no electric field before the disturbance; now there is; so there has been a change of electric field meaning that has to be a corresponding changing magnetic field. Which will creating another changing electric field and so on till we have a burst of radiation, equivalent to the photon.
> IF A CHANGING E FIELD CAUSE A CHANGING H FIELD WHICH CAUSES A CHANGING
> E FIELD, WHY THEN IS E&H RELATED THROUGH THE INTRINSIC IMPEDANCE OF
> SPACE EXCEPT WHEN IT HAS PASSED THROUGH SHIELDING MATERIAL AND BACK
> INTO FREE SPACE?

The intrinsic impedance of free space is a fundamental property of nature, like the gravitational constant, and electric permittivity.
It relates to the amount of magnetic field produced by the electric field, and vice versa.
It is useful in engineering.
Materials possess different values of magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. That affects the impedance properties.
Thus some materials are very useful in making compact antennas.
The whole success of mobile telephony using small antennas in mobile phones is caused by special materials.
I cannot say much about this - this is a very specialised subject, rather empirical I suspect.
I am trying to explain normal reflection by not using quantum theory, but electromagnetic theory using aether.
> >
> >1.12 The electron at the higher energy level or greater ellipticity can be returned to the original orbit shell with the next quarter of the wave, from peak to zero. Again, as per 1.11 there will be a electromagnetic wave formation completing the half cycle.
> WHAT FORCES IT TO RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL ORBIT?
The electrostatic pull from the other electrons in their original orbits.
> >
> >1.13 The electron in this case does not behave as a single orbiting particle but as a thin and elastic rubber band.
> A RUBBER BAND IS COMPOSED OF MANY PARTICLES. WHAT IS THE RESTORING
> FORCE?
It acts like an indestructible rubber band and that way it is a single particle in many different configurations. In the nucleus it sticks to the proton creating a neutron. It can stick to two protons creating a deuterium nucleus.
> >
> >1.14 The idea of the electron not as a particle but as a rubber band is of crucial importance in our study of he nucleus of an atom.
> HOW MANY ELECTRONS ARE THERE IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM?
As may neutrons are there.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >2.1 Aether, a solid made of infinitely fine particles, fills the entire
> >infinite universe.
> PARTICLES OR WAVES? HOW DOES THE DEBROGLIE WAVELENGTH COME ABOUT?
Did I say waves above? Do I have any regard for the schizophrenia regarding light?
Waves are the disturbance of particles.
> >
> >2.2 The particles can vibrate, that is, oscillate about their mean positions.
> WHAT HOLDS THEM IN PLACE, WHAT IS THE RESTORATION FORCE?
They are all fixed in place as aether is a solid.
Whatever force holds them together restores the mean position, just as for other media.
Obviously, this restoring force, that holds aether together, is particular to the aether solid and is beyond the scope of our measurement.
> >
> >2.3 The only force in the universe is electric as matter is made up of positive and negative charges.
> WHAT FORCES ARE INVOLVED WHEN 2 NEUTRONS COLLIDE?
No fundamental forces are involved when two neutrons collide. This is a purely mechanical situation involving momentum.
> >
> >2.4 When the electric field changes, it creates a changing magnetic field, which creates a changing electric field and so on. The changing electric fields vibrate the aether.
> DOES A SINGLE MOVING ELECTRON HAVE A MAGNETIC FIELD?
Yes.
> >
> >2.5 If the electric field loops as in a current, there is a steady magnetic field.
> DOES A SINGLE MOVING ELECTRON IS A STRAIGHT LINE HAVE A MAGNETIC
> FIELD?
Yes.
> >
> >2.6 Matter is made up of negative charges called electrons and protons that are positive charges.
> NO NEUTRONS THEN.
A neutron is an electron sticking to a proton in the strongest embrace.
> >
> >2.7 Under mutual attraction, they go through aether as a diver through a wave. When static, they let the wave push them this way and that.
> IS THE FORCE OF THEIR ATTRACTION DUE TO THE AETHER?
Aether conducts the force of the attraction, but the attraction itself is fundamental.
> >
> >2.8 Aether is a solid but its density cannot be found as aether fills everything including the space within the atom.
> IF THE DENSITY ISNT KNOWN, HOW IS IT KNOWN THAT IT IS SOLID?
The density cannot be known.
That it is a solid is theoretical, the basis being the reality of electromagnetic wave motion which needs a medium.
Details about why it is solid and not gas were well expounded in the 19th century.
If you read up my past writings, you may get the quote about aether which can be digged up online when one reads my debunking of the MMI experiment.
> >
> >2.9 Only the density of protons and electrons can be estimated, for their mass and volume may be known from experiments.
> DOES AETHER HAVE MASS THEN?
Theoretically, yes, but of density indeterminable.
> >
> >2.10 Aether cannot affect the normal movement of the electrons and protons as they go through aether. There is no drag.
> IF THERE IS NO DRAG THEN SURELY THESE PARTICLES CAN EXCEED THE SPEED
> OF LIGHT

I would love to make engines that would take us far beyond the speed of light.
Giving a few million dollars, it will be a breeze.
Can do that in a few years.
Had I been taken seriously in 2000, for my book "To the Stars!" published online in my adda website, we would be shuttling between Earth and Moon now, and be building cruiseships to Mars.
As things are, we are becoming savages inclined to inciting world wars


> >2.11 Aether bends to let electrons and protons squeeze through. No loss of momentum, thus, in the normal situation.
> IF THEY SQUEEZE THROUGH ARE THEY REFRACTED BY THE GRANULARITY OF THE
> AETHER?

No, aether is far too fine, infinitely fine, to cause any retardation. This "squeezing" does not impact upon the motion.
We have to internalise the notion of infinity.
It is immensely practical.
We deal with its practicality every moment of our lives, in the infinitely small component of aether that allows movement of all within it.

> >2.11 But with the applies electric field there is aetheric swaying from
> >vibration about their mean positions according to the frequency of the
> >changing electric field. This is what moves the electrons from their normal states. In this displacement of the electron the kinetic energy of the electromagnetic wave is absorbed.
> IF THE ENERGY IS ABSORBED HOW COULD ANY WAVE BE REFLECTED?

When there is restoration from the electrostatic forces of the other electrons.
External energy creating disturbing force - rocking, like - causes imbalance movement to the electron creating a varying electric field.
Internal force from other electrons causes restoration completing the cycle.
> >
> >2.12 Thus only when there is an electric field causing vibration to the aether there is momentum transfer to the electron.
> WHERE DOES THIS MOMENTUM COME FROM? IF THERE IS A TIME DELAY FROM THE
> SOURCE TO THE ELECTRON, HOW IS MOMENTUM CONSERVED?

The extra momentum to disturb the electron comes from the disturbed aether.
The aether was disturbed by moving charges creating fields, that transmit all over.

Energy is always getting created and destroyed in our infinite universe.
I have written how that is continually happening in the sun.
Those interested may check out my posts in sci.physics.

The law of conservation of momentum is not always valid, but that is a different story.
> >
> >2.13 Electrons are like rubber bands while protons may be spherical.
> >
> >
> HOW IS THIS MEASURED?

At this stage this cannot be, so it is theoretical.
We can see hydrogen nuclei, maybe. I don't know! I guess that should be spherical.
> >
> >
> >3.1 The aether particles are infinitely small by definition.
> WOULDNT THAT MAKE THE AETHER A FLUID?
No. The 19th century conception of aether was of aether as a solid.
> >
> >3.2 As they are infinitely small like points they have as you say no shape nor structure not volume.
> IF THEY HAVE NO VOLUME HOW CAN THEY FILL ANYTHING?
Because there are infinitely many of them held together.
The notion of infinity has to be internalised for the proper understanding about the ways of the universe.
> >
> >3.3 Under the impact of electrical forces they vibrate and this vibration impacts upon the momentum of the electrons.
>
>
>
> >
> >3.4 Thus the kinetic energy of the vibration transforms to the kinetic energy of the electron.
> >
> >3.5 The reverse situation happens when the electron loses its kinetic energy. It creates the aetheric vibration.
> >
> >3.6 This is understood it as water molecules going past a very thin set of wires forming a sieve. Only this time the water molecules stick to each other in their relative positions.
> SURFACE TENSION AND POLAR MOLECULES = WATER
> >
> >3.7 Aether particles bend aside to let the electrons and protons pass through them.
> HOW DOES THE AETHER KNOW ITS TIME TO BEND ASIDE?

Most things, like gravity, or grass, do not know how they work, they just do what they do as they are that way.

Cheers, and thanks for your interest.
Arindam Banerjee

banerjee...@gmail.com

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Apr 28, 2022, 6:33:28 PM4/28/22
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banerjee...@gmail.com

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May 27, 2022, 7:55:13 AM5/27/22
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On Tuesday, 15 March 2022 at 09:51:49 UTC+11, banerjee...@gmail.com wrote:
27 May, another great day!
An improved version of the apparatus shown, working as a motor by arresting he armature thus imparting momentum to the apparatus, moved it forward by some 40cm and upward by about 1mm. Inertia was broken; anti-gravity was demonstrated by internal force from internal energy.

The physics textbooks must be revised.
Cheers,
Arindam Banerjee

mitchr...@gmail.com

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May 29, 2022, 5:51:17 PM5/29/22
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The electromagnetic push is from heat energy instead.
Rocket scientists use it.

Mitchell Raemsch

banerjee...@gmail.com

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Jun 3, 2022, 9:56:25 PM6/3/22
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On Monday, 30 May 2022 at 07:51:17 UTC+10, mitchr...@gmail.com wrote:
> The electromagnetic push is from heat energy instead.
> Rocket scientists use it.

No, they use heat to push out matter at high speed.
Rockets work by thrusting out matter.
Which is why a huge thingy on earth becomes a small thingy in space.
Making the conquest of space using rockets ridiculous.
But, there is no limit to the stupidity and gullibility of humans, exploited for sane by cunning people.
>
> Mitchell Raemsch

mitchr...@gmail.com

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Jun 5, 2022, 2:40:41 PM6/5/22
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On Friday, June 3, 2022 at 6:56:25 PM UTC-7, banerjee...@gmail.com wrote:
> On Monday, 30 May 2022 at 07:51:17 UTC+10, mitchr...@gmail.com wrote:
> > The electromagnetic push is from heat energy instead.
> > Rocket scientists use it.
> No, they use heat to push out matter at high speed.

What is the difference?

> > Mitchell Raemsch

banerjee...@gmail.com

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Jun 6, 2022, 6:59:09 PM6/6/22
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Matter is NOT pushed out, or back.
>
> > > Mitchell Raemsch

mitchr...@gmail.com

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Jun 28, 2022, 4:06:59 PM6/28/22
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Heat can push or slow matter.
Just like gravity.

Mitchell Raemsch

banerjee...@gmail.com

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Jul 7, 2022, 7:50:57 AM7/7/22
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It does so in all directions, normally.
In an engine , it moves the piston but also acts on the head.
> Just like gravity.
No.
>
> Mitchell Raemsch

mitchr...@gmail.com

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Jul 21, 2022, 9:55:12 PM7/21/22
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Force can push just like heat can.
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