On Sunday, 3 April 2022 at 07:22:39 UTC+10, Skittles wrote:
> On Mon, 14 Mar 2022 23:23:48 -0700 (PDT), "
banerjee...@gmail.com"
> <
banerjee...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >On Tuesday, 15 March 2022 at 09:51:49 UTC+11,
banerjee...@gmail.com wrote:
> >> The creation of momentum with my new invention, the low voltage heavy armature rail gun.
> >>
> >>
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYtyOMbgiZ0
> >>
> >> The updating of Newtonian laws of motion... delete "external" from the first law and add "mechanical" to action in the third law
> >>
> >> Cheers,
> >> Arindam Banerjee
> >> Director
> >> HTN Research Pty Ltd
> >> Melbourne
> >
> >This will involve the rewriting of all physics textbooks, based upon the following theories and insights.
> >
> >The physics aphorisms of Arindam
> >
> >1.1 While relativity is completely wrong, such cannot be said of quantum theory.
> IS THAT THE GENERAL OR SPECIAL RELATIVITY THAT IS COMPLETELY WRONG?
Both.
> >
> >1.2 However it depends upon energy levels of the orbital electrons. It ignores the existence of aether. It is devoid of any geometric basis for electron movement.
> WHAT IS THE REFERENCE FRAME THAT DETERMINES THE ENERGY OF THE
> ELECTRON?
As per standard texts electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom at certain energy levels. Greater the distance of the radius of the orbit from the nucleus centre, higher the energy in the sense that it takes external force or external energy to make it go to the higher energy state.
> >
> >1.3 Depending upon energy levels to begin with is perilous. Energy is for business and money-making - the physicist should be interested primarily about forces. And as force unlike power/energy is a vector quantity, and so has direction, the geometrical situation is of paramount importance.
> THE POYNTING VECTOR IS A MEASURE OF ENERGY FLOW
Yes. Physicists should avoid talk of energy. Talk of forces instead.
> >
> >1.4 Using quantum theory, reflection of light may be explained this way - an incoming packet of energy called a photon causes an electron to jump from a lower energy orbital shell to a higher energy orbital shell. This is unstable, so it jumps down from the higher energy orbital shell to the lower energy orbital shell. The difference in energy is emitted now as a photon.
> FOR THIS TO BE TRUE THE DIFFERENCE IN ENERGY FOR EMISSION HAS TO
> EXACTLY EQUAL THE ENERGY OF THE IMPINGING PHOTON OTHERWISE IT WILL
> HAVE A DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH
Yes.
> >
> >1.5 In 1.4 above the implicit notion is that the electron orbits are circular. It is also implied that the photon must have some mass as it has energy following e=mcc, and this mass with movmentum mc has the energy to kick up the electron to the higher orbit shell.
> REST MASS OR ELECTROMAGNETIC MASS?
I don't know, they are both nonsense to me. Just that if the photon has energy e which is equal to mcc, it must have mass e/(cc) = m. Whether it is rest mass or electromagnetic, is up to the believer. Going by quantum theory logic, there can be no rest mass for a photon, so that way it has to be electromagnetic whatever that may mean in the context.
> >
> >1.6 Now let us consider the above phenomenon in terms of aether, forces and geometries.
> >
> >1.7 Aether by definition is a very fine solid through which all protons and electrons and neutrons pass the way bullets may go through grass which does not break but just bends. The photon in the aetheric context is a small burst of radiant energy. It is a disturbance with no mass.
> IF IT IS SOLID THEN HOW CAN ANYTHING PASS THROUGH IT? IF IT'S SOLID
> THEN DOES THE COULOMB GAUGE APPLY?
See what I wrote above the way bullets move through grass. As the aether has being infinitely small has indefinite density it does not oppose/retard the movement of protons and electrons and neutrons through it.
The notion of infinity works like that.
The universe is infinitely large - the aetheric component of it, is, inversely, infinitely small
This is the way the universe is designed.
Infinite, in time and space composed of aether, the fundamental component.
I don't know about "Coulomb Gauge".
> >
> >1.8 When this aetheric disturbance caused by the radiation reaches the electron and as it envelops the electron, it changes the orbit of the electron by displacement.
> IF THINGS PASS THROUGH THE AETHER THEN HOW IS THE ELECTRON DISPLACED?
Things always pass through aether.
In steady state there is no displacement.
When aether itself vibrates, there is displacment.
Just like a ship on steady water moves steadily.
When the water moves as in random waves, it cannot move steadily.
> >
> >1.9 In the process of displacement the disturbance loses its energy as the force to displace the electron is lost with the movement of the electron. This is for the first quarter cycle of the wave - from zero to peak
> >
> DOES THIS MEAN THAT LIGHT SLOWS DOWN AS IT TRAVELS?
When any light is blocked its speed becomes zero, yes. Like anything kinetic.
Speed of light varies with the medium.
In glass it moves slower.
> >1.10 As a result of the energy absorption the orbit of the electron is no longer circular but elliptical, and more "high energy" that way.
> WHY CANT THE ORBIT BE CIRCULAR WITH THE NUCLEUS BEING OFF CENTER?
If the nucleus is off centre then the orbit has to be elliptic.
And that is what is happening when the electron is displaced.
> >
> >1.11 An electric field is created with the dipole effect caused by the elliptic orbit. There was no electric field before the disturbance; now there is; so there has been a change of electric field meaning that has to be a corresponding changing magnetic field. Which will creating another changing electric field and so on till we have a burst of radiation, equivalent to the photon.
> IF A CHANGING E FIELD CAUSE A CHANGING H FIELD WHICH CAUSES A CHANGING
> E FIELD, WHY THEN IS E&H RELATED THROUGH THE INTRINSIC IMPEDANCE OF
> SPACE EXCEPT WHEN IT HAS PASSED THROUGH SHIELDING MATERIAL AND BACK
> INTO FREE SPACE?
The intrinsic impedance of free space is a fundamental property of nature, like the gravitational constant, and electric permittivity.
It relates to the amount of magnetic field produced by the electric field, and vice versa.
It is useful in engineering.
Materials possess different values of magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. That affects the impedance properties.
Thus some materials are very useful in making compact antennas.
The whole success of mobile telephony using small antennas in mobile phones is caused by special materials.
I cannot say much about this - this is a very specialised subject, rather empirical I suspect.
I am trying to explain normal reflection by not using quantum theory, but electromagnetic theory using aether.
> >
> >1.12 The electron at the higher energy level or greater ellipticity can be returned to the original orbit shell with the next quarter of the wave, from peak to zero. Again, as per 1.11 there will be a electromagnetic wave formation completing the half cycle.
> WHAT FORCES IT TO RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL ORBIT?
The electrostatic pull from the other electrons in their original orbits.
> >
> >1.13 The electron in this case does not behave as a single orbiting particle but as a thin and elastic rubber band.
> A RUBBER BAND IS COMPOSED OF MANY PARTICLES. WHAT IS THE RESTORING
> FORCE?
It acts like an indestructible rubber band and that way it is a single particle in many different configurations. In the nucleus it sticks to the proton creating a neutron. It can stick to two protons creating a deuterium nucleus.
> >
> >1.14 The idea of the electron not as a particle but as a rubber band is of crucial importance in our study of he nucleus of an atom.
> HOW MANY ELECTRONS ARE THERE IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM?
As may neutrons are there.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >2.1 Aether, a solid made of infinitely fine particles, fills the entire
> >infinite universe.
> PARTICLES OR WAVES? HOW DOES THE DEBROGLIE WAVELENGTH COME ABOUT?
Did I say waves above? Do I have any regard for the schizophrenia regarding light?
Waves are the disturbance of particles.
> >
> >2.2 The particles can vibrate, that is, oscillate about their mean positions.
> WHAT HOLDS THEM IN PLACE, WHAT IS THE RESTORATION FORCE?
They are all fixed in place as aether is a solid.
Whatever force holds them together restores the mean position, just as for other media.
Obviously, this restoring force, that holds aether together, is particular to the aether solid and is beyond the scope of our measurement.
> >
> >2.3 The only force in the universe is electric as matter is made up of positive and negative charges.
> WHAT FORCES ARE INVOLVED WHEN 2 NEUTRONS COLLIDE?
No fundamental forces are involved when two neutrons collide. This is a purely mechanical situation involving momentum.
> >
> >2.4 When the electric field changes, it creates a changing magnetic field, which creates a changing electric field and so on. The changing electric fields vibrate the aether.
> DOES A SINGLE MOVING ELECTRON HAVE A MAGNETIC FIELD?
Yes.
> >
> >2.5 If the electric field loops as in a current, there is a steady magnetic field.
> DOES A SINGLE MOVING ELECTRON IS A STRAIGHT LINE HAVE A MAGNETIC
> FIELD?
Yes.
> >
> >2.6 Matter is made up of negative charges called electrons and protons that are positive charges.
> NO NEUTRONS THEN.
A neutron is an electron sticking to a proton in the strongest embrace.
> >
> >2.7 Under mutual attraction, they go through aether as a diver through a wave. When static, they let the wave push them this way and that.
> IS THE FORCE OF THEIR ATTRACTION DUE TO THE AETHER?
Aether conducts the force of the attraction, but the attraction itself is fundamental.
> >
> >2.8 Aether is a solid but its density cannot be found as aether fills everything including the space within the atom.
> IF THE DENSITY ISNT KNOWN, HOW IS IT KNOWN THAT IT IS SOLID?
The density cannot be known.
That it is a solid is theoretical, the basis being the reality of electromagnetic wave motion which needs a medium.
Details about why it is solid and not gas were well expounded in the 19th century.
If you read up my past writings, you may get the quote about aether which can be digged up online when one reads my debunking of the MMI experiment.
> >
> >2.9 Only the density of protons and electrons can be estimated, for their mass and volume may be known from experiments.
> DOES AETHER HAVE MASS THEN?
Theoretically, yes, but of density indeterminable.
> >
> >2.10 Aether cannot affect the normal movement of the electrons and protons as they go through aether. There is no drag.
> IF THERE IS NO DRAG THEN SURELY THESE PARTICLES CAN EXCEED THE SPEED
> OF LIGHT
I would love to make engines that would take us far beyond the speed of light.
Giving a few million dollars, it will be a breeze.
Can do that in a few years.
Had I been taken seriously in 2000, for my book "To the Stars!" published online in my adda website, we would be shuttling between Earth and Moon now, and be building cruiseships to Mars.
As things are, we are becoming savages inclined to inciting world wars
> >2.11 Aether bends to let electrons and protons squeeze through. No loss of momentum, thus, in the normal situation.
> IF THEY SQUEEZE THROUGH ARE THEY REFRACTED BY THE GRANULARITY OF THE
> AETHER?
No, aether is far too fine, infinitely fine, to cause any retardation. This "squeezing" does not impact upon the motion.
We have to internalise the notion of infinity.
It is immensely practical.
We deal with its practicality every moment of our lives, in the infinitely small component of aether that allows movement of all within it.
> >2.11 But with the applies electric field there is aetheric swaying from
> >vibration about their mean positions according to the frequency of the
> >changing electric field. This is what moves the electrons from their normal states. In this displacement of the electron the kinetic energy of the electromagnetic wave is absorbed.
> IF THE ENERGY IS ABSORBED HOW COULD ANY WAVE BE REFLECTED?
When there is restoration from the electrostatic forces of the other electrons.
External energy creating disturbing force - rocking, like - causes imbalance movement to the electron creating a varying electric field.
Internal force from other electrons causes restoration completing the cycle.
> >
> >2.12 Thus only when there is an electric field causing vibration to the aether there is momentum transfer to the electron.
> WHERE DOES THIS MOMENTUM COME FROM? IF THERE IS A TIME DELAY FROM THE
> SOURCE TO THE ELECTRON, HOW IS MOMENTUM CONSERVED?
The extra momentum to disturb the electron comes from the disturbed aether.
The aether was disturbed by moving charges creating fields, that transmit all over.
Energy is always getting created and destroyed in our infinite universe.
I have written how that is continually happening in the sun.
Those interested may check out my posts in sci.physics.
The law of conservation of momentum is not always valid, but that is a different story.
> >
> >2.13 Electrons are like rubber bands while protons may be spherical.
> >
> >
> HOW IS THIS MEASURED?
At this stage this cannot be, so it is theoretical.
We can see hydrogen nuclei, maybe. I don't know! I guess that should be spherical.
> >
> >
> >3.1 The aether particles are infinitely small by definition.
> WOULDNT THAT MAKE THE AETHER A FLUID?
No. The 19th century conception of aether was of aether as a solid.
> >
> >3.2 As they are infinitely small like points they have as you say no shape nor structure not volume.
> IF THEY HAVE NO VOLUME HOW CAN THEY FILL ANYTHING?
Because there are infinitely many of them held together.
The notion of infinity has to be internalised for the proper understanding about the ways of the universe.
> >
> >3.3 Under the impact of electrical forces they vibrate and this vibration impacts upon the momentum of the electrons.
>
>
>
> >
> >3.4 Thus the kinetic energy of the vibration transforms to the kinetic energy of the electron.
> >
> >3.5 The reverse situation happens when the electron loses its kinetic energy. It creates the aetheric vibration.
> >
> >3.6 This is understood it as water molecules going past a very thin set of wires forming a sieve. Only this time the water molecules stick to each other in their relative positions.
> SURFACE TENSION AND POLAR MOLECULES = WATER
> >
> >3.7 Aether particles bend aside to let the electrons and protons pass through them.
> HOW DOES THE AETHER KNOW ITS TIME TO BEND ASIDE?
Most things, like gravity, or grass, do not know how they work, they just do what they do as they are that way.
Cheers, and thanks for your interest.
Arindam Banerjee