Fiber and Short Chain Fatty Acids
ironj...@aol.com
"Equal effectiveness in remission in ulcerative colitis"
"Butryrate to oral mesalamine"
Dietary Fiber and Short-Chain Fatty Acids
High levels of dietary fiber have been shown to decrease the relative
risk for Crohn's disease.[25] In a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model
of colitis, dietary fiber was shown to decrease the production of TNF-
alpha and nitric oxide (known mediators of inflammation). It was also
noted that there was a higher concentration of short-chain fatty
acids, which Rodriguez-Cabezas and colleagues[28] conclude may play a
role in both decreasing the production of the certain inflammatory
mediators and also contribute to the repair and regeneration of the
damaged colonic cells. Butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids such
as acetate, propionate, and valerate are created when soluble fibers
are fermented in the intestine. Some believe that the production of
the short-chain fatty acids, which are decreased in colitis, is
important to maintain microbial balance and prevent dysbiosis.[6]
Butyrate is believed to exert anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing
the production of cytokines thought to up-regulate inflammation, such
as IL-6 and IL-8.[50] Additionally, colonic cells use these short-
chain fatty acids (such as butyrate) as their main source of oxidative
fuels. Although butyrate administration does result in improvement,
the studies done on butyrate in ulcerative colitis are conflicting as
to the statistical significance of improvement.[10]
A recent randomized controlled trial comparing Plantago ovata seeds (a
form of dietary fiber whose fermentation in the colon results in the
production of butryrate) to oral mesalamine demonstrated equal
effectiveness in the maintenance of remission in patients with
ulcerative colitis.[49] Two open-labeled trials (one at 4 weeks and
the other at 6 months) have demonstrated clinical improvement in
patients with ulcerative colitis via the administration of germinated
barley foodstuff. Germinated barley foodstuff is believed to exert its
influence by increasing butyrate production, and possibly encouraging
the growth of beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium and
Eubacterium limosum (believed to produce butyrate)
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
mont...@lycos.com
at each meal for quite some time now.
ironj...@aol.com
This is not really new. I've been eating butter and a few bran flakes
at each meal for quite some time now. <<
Good thing you don't have a vagina ..
"We hypothesized higher supplemental iron would increase the risk of
colon cancer among those who consume large amounts of fermentable
substrates, namely, dietary fiber and resistant starch."
Abstract
Nutrition and Cancer
2004, Vol. 48, No. 1, Pages 1-5
(doi:10.1207/s15327914nc4801_1)
A Hypothesis: Interaction Between Supplemental Iron Intake and
Fermentation Affecting the Risk of Colon Cancer. The Iowa Women's
Health Study
Duk-Hee Lee, David R. Jacobs, Jr., Aaron R. Folsom
Fermentation in the large intestine can increase absorption of ferrous
iron, which is the main form in supplements, because the solubility of
ferrous iron is enhanced in the mildly acidic environments caused by
fermentation.
We therefore hypothesized that higher supplemental iron intake would
increase the risk of colon cancer among those who consume large
amounts of fermentable substrates, namely, dietary fiber and resistant
starch.
Among 34,708 postmenopausal women, supplemental iron was unrelated to
proximal colon cancer in all women and to distal colon cancer among
those consuming below the median of fermentable substrates.
However, supplemental iron was positively associated with distal colon
cancer among women who consumed above the median of fermentable
substrates (P for interaction %lt; 0.01); the adjusted relative risks
across categories of supplemental iron (0 g/day, 1-19 g/day, 20-49 g/
day, and ≥50 g/day) were 1.0, 1.24, 1.78, and 3.78 (P for trend <
0.01). This hypothesis needs confirmation in other cohort studies
because, despite the significant trend, only nine cases were included
in the top category of ≥50 mg supplemental iron, and this finding
could have arisen by chance.
Kofi
Testosterone is a carnitine transporter and men have higher natural
levels. Carnitine also appears, in the form of acetyl-l-carnitine, to
inhibit muscle fatigue and inflammation via ASIC3 - which, perhaps, is
the reason women are more prone to chronic fatigue. You might also
check out my recent post on anemia and HIF-1a in
alt.support.crohns-colitis for a relationship between iron levels and
gut protection. I've also posted a number of articles on butyrate and
autoimmunity there over the years.
Butyrate also directly stimulates beta-defensins in the gut, part of the
innate immune system. Via histone acetylation, butyrate promotes
regulatory T-cells which prevent the immune system from attacking the
human body and other innocuous antigens. Histone acetylation is also
protective against stroke and cardiovascular disease, which might
account for individuals with a high fiber diet having a reduced risk.
Particularly interesting is how butyrate interacts with vitamin D3 to
synthesize cathelicidin, a major antiviral, anti-inflammatory and
antibacterial agent - a few of the many, many roles it plays.
ironjustice
Sounds like a triterpene ..
Yeast produces penicillin .. plants produce apocynin .. and humans
produce .. cathelicidin .. ?
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
> Butyrate requires carnitine uptake in the gut for absorption.
ironjustice
wrote:Cathelicidin <<
A medical researcher at the University of Nottingham named
Alan Brown took hookworms to cure his allergies several years ago and
he
mentioned their only drawback was that they caused mild anemia
<http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/695> - in other words, iron
deficiency. It didn't occur to me that these linked up until now. I
believe that this anemia could actually be central to the
gastroprotective role of helminths. The hookworms could trip HIF-1a
via
low iron just like iron chelators do thus performing the job of the
hydroxylase inhibitors used in the recent leaky gut research.
Cathelicidin is downstream of vitamin D3/HIF-1a and tilts mast cell
inflammation towards innate immunity [PMID 18239275] and away from
the
spontaneous degranulation seen in allergy and other autoimmune
conditions. This HIF-1a pathway also induces angiogenesis in the
skin
[PMID 17536272] and I think it might behave similarly in the gut.
Defects in the HIF-1a pathway might then account for the deranged
angiogenesis we see in certain inflammatory bowel conditions.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
> On Apr 16, 7:55 pm, Kofi <k...@anon.un> wrote: cathelicidin <<
>
> Sounds like a triterpene ..
>
> Yeast produces penicillin .. plants produce apocynin .. and humans
> produce .. cathelicidin .. ?
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > Butyrate requires carnitine uptake in the gut for absorption.
> > Testosterone is a carnitine transporter and men have higher natural
> > levels. Carnitine also appears, in the form of acetyl-l-carnitine, to
> > inhibit muscle fatigue and inflammation via ASIC3 - which, perhaps, is
> > the reason women are more prone to chronic fatigue. You might also
> > check out my recent post on anemia and HIF-1a in
> > alt.support.crohns-colitis for a relationship between iron levels and
> > gut protection. I've also posted a number of articles on butyrate and
> > autoimmunity there over the years.
>
> > Butyrate also directly stimulates beta-defensins in the gut, part of the
> > innate immune system. Via histone acetylation, butyrate promotes
> > regulatory T-cells which prevent the immune system from attacking the
> > human body and other innocuous antigens. Histone acetylation is also
> > protective against stroke and cardiovascular disease, which might
> > account for individuals with a high fiber diet having a reduced risk.
> > Particularly interesting is how butyrate interacts with vitamin D3 to
> > synthesize cathelicidin, a major antiviral, anti-inflammatory and
> > antibacterial agent - a few of the many, many roles it plays.- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -