Insulin Induces Iron Overloading Of Neurons

[ironjustice]

"Insulin resistant state throws it off gear leading to iron
overloading of neurons"
"Iron load induces insulin resistance"
"Lacto-ovo vegetarians were more insulin sensitive than meat-eaters"
"Reduced insulin sensitivity in meat-eaters is amenable to improvement
by reducing body Fe"

Insulin resistance: an emerging link in Alzheimer's disease.
Medhi B, Chakrabarty M.
Neurol Sci. 2013 May 14.
Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Education and Research,
Research Block B, 4th Floor, Room No. 4043, Chandigarh, 160012,
India,
drbik...@yahoo.com.

Abstract
Relentless progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a grave
situation for the biomedical community to tackle.
Agents starting as hot favorites in clinical trials have failed in
later stages and it is time we reconsidered our approaches to
intervene the disease.
Quite some interesting work in the last decade has introduced a new
school of thought which factors in neuronal glycemic imbalance as a
major component for the development of AD.
Insulin resistance in the brain has brought forward subsequent
sequelae which might work towards amyloid accretion and/or tau
hyperphosphorylation.
It is also pointed out that insulin works by distributing iron to
neuronal tissue and an insulin resistant state throws it off gear
leading to iron overloading of neurons which is ultimately
detrimental.
A relatively recent investigation finds the role of c-Jun-N-terminal
kinase (JNK3) in AD which also seems to bear a link with insulin
resistance.

PMID:23670236

--------------

"Iron load induces insulin resistance"

Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Fat: Role of Iron Load.
Haap M, Machann J, von Friedeburg C, Schick F, Stefan N, Schwenzer
NF,
Fritsche A, Häring HU, Thamer C.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Mar 23.
Department of Internal Medicine (M.H., C.v.F., N.S., A.F., H.U.H.,
C.T.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology,
and Clinical Chemistry, and Section on Experimental Radiology (J.M.,
F.S., N.F.S.), Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,
Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Abstract
Context:
Increased liver fat (LF) is associated with insulin resistance.
However, a considerable individual variability between LF and insulin
sensitivity (IS) is observed, and at equal levels of LF, insulin-
resistant as well as insulin-sensitive individuals are found.
Objective:
Our objective was to study whether hepatic iron load (HIL) explains
some of the variation between IS and LF. Design: HIL was measured
using a quantitative T2* magnetic resonance gradient echo imaging
technique, and LF was measured by (1)H-magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. Low T2* values indicate high HIL. We studied the
association of LF and HIL with anthropometric data and IS. A total of
113 healthy nondiabetic subjects [69 females, 44 males; age 47 ± 1
yr;
body mass index (BMI) = 28.9 ± 0.5 kg/m(2)] at increased risk for
type
2 diabetes were included in the study.
Results:
T2* values adjusted for age negatively associated with serum ferritin
levels (P < 0.0001) and positively associated with IS (P = 0.009). In
addition, T2* values associated with LF (P = 0.008) but not with BMI
(P = 0.6). In a multivariate model, IS adjusted for gender, age, and
BMI was associated with T2* values (P = 0.015). IS adjusted for
gender
and age was independently associated with LF (P = 0.033) and T2*
values (P = 0.004). In a stepwise regression analysis, LF explained
13.5% (P < 0.01) of the variation in IS, and HIL explained an
additional 4.1% (P = 0.03).
Conclusions:
HIL explains part of the variation between LF and IS. The mechanism
by
which iron load induces insulin resistance is possibly independent of
the pathways involved in insulin resistance induced by fatty liver
disease.


PMID: 21430023

---------------

Low iron status and enhanced insulin sensitivity in lacto-ovo
vegetarians.
Br J Nutr 2001 Oct;86(4):515-9
Hua NW, Stoohs RA, Facchini FS
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, San
Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.

The efficacy of insulin in stimulating whole-body glucose
disposal (insulin sensitivity) was quantified using direct
methodology in thirty lacto-ovo vegetarians and in thirty
meat-eaters.
All subjects were adult, lean (BMI <23 kg/m2), healthy and
glucose tolerant.
Lacto-ovo vegetarians were more insulin sensitive than
meat-eaters,with a steady-state plasma glucose (mmol/l)
of 4.1 (95 % CI 3.5, 5.0) v. 6.9 (95 % CI 5.2, 7.5; respectively.
In addition,lacto-ovo vegetarians had lower body Fe stores, as
indicated by a serum ferritin concentration (microg/l) of 35
(95 % CI 21, 49) compared with 72 (95 % CI 45,100) for meat-eaters
To test whether or not Fe status might modulate insulin sensitivity,
body Fe was lowered by phlebotomy in six male meat-eaters to
levels similar to that seen in vegetarians, with a resultant
approximately 40 % enhancement of insulin-mediated glucose
disposal
Our results demonstrate that lacto-ovo vegetarians are more
insulin sensitive and have lower Fe stores than meat-eaters.
In addition, it seems that reduced insulin sensitivity in meat-eaters
is amenable to improvement by reducing body Fe.
The latter finding is in agreement with results from animal studies
where, no matter how induced, Fe depletion consistently
enhanced glucose disposal.

PMID: 11591239, UI: 21475355


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