Aggressive childhood brain tumours could be treatable with a novel
combination of two existing cancer drugs, a study suggests.
Researchers led by the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) examined 90
tumours from children and found two new genetic abnormalities in nine
of them.
They were then able to kill these abnormal tumours, in laboratory
tests, by combining the two existing drugs.
But one expert says the findings remain "far off being applicable to
patients".
In the UK, about 400 children are diagnosed with brain tumours every
year.
The research, published in the journal Clinical Cancer Research,
brought together scientists from the UK, France, Portugal, Brazil and
America.
The abnormal tumours - known as glioblastomas, aggressive and often
fatal cancers of the brain's glial cells - contained too many copies
of the EGFR gene and mutations of the gene the scientists say have
never before been found in children.
" Cancers may look the same, but it is only when you get down to the
genetic level that you can truly understand them and devise
treatments "
Dr Chris Jones
They tried to block the EGFR gene with a drug, erlotinib (Tarceva),
used in clinical trials to treat adult glioblastomas, but identified
a molecule specific to the children's cells - platelet-derived growth
factor receptor (PGFR) - that was making it ineffective.
But when they combined erlotinib with a drug, imatinib (Glivec), they
hoped would block the PGFR molecules, they killed a significant
number of the cancer cells.
Dr Chris Jones, who led the research, said it proved "that cancers
may look the same, but it is only when you get down to the genetic
level that you can truly understand them and devise treatments".
Professor Geoff Pilkington, of the Brainstrust charity, said the
research, though fascinating, was at too early a stage to turn into a
treatment for patients.
"This sort of twin therapy is a good thing to consider for the
future," he said.
Bur he added: "The cells of the brain seem to be unusually resistant
to anything thrown at them."
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/8278907.stm
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