https://reason.com/2023/01/16/school-closures-caused-learning-loss/
Reading and math scores declined between 2020 to 2022, reversing two
decades of improvement.
EMMA CAMP | FROM THE FEBRUARY 2023 ISSUE
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(Photo: Annie Spratt/Unsplash)
Tests measuring the academic performance of American schoolchildren
consistently show dramatic declines in scores between the years directly
before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. While the full scope of learning
loss is not yet known, the data indicate that many children entered the
2021 school year with unprecedented education gaps that were likely
exacerbated by widespread school shutdowns.
The National Association for Education Statistics tests a representative
national sample of 9-year-olds on math and reading skills. From 2020 to
2022, according to a report published in September, reading and math
scores declined by five and seven percentage points, respectively,
reversing two decades of improvement in both areas. The drop was
especially steep among students who already faced academic difficulties.
While math scores fell only three points among students in the 90th
percentile, they dropped a staggering 12 points within the 10th percentile.
In October, the National Assessment of Educational Progress revealed
academic setbacks among 450,000 American fourth- and eighth-graders. The
data hinted at the possible effects of low-quality remote learning.
Among remote-learning eighth-graders, for example, just 41 percent of
students who scored in the bottom quartile on the math test participated
in live video lessons with their teacher every day or almost every day.
Within the top quartile, 71 percent did.
Test scores declined for older students too. Between 2021 and 2022, ACT
scores showed the biggest single-year drop in a decade. It was the first
time in three decades that average ACT scores had dropped below 20 on
the test's 36-point scale.
The ACT also sets "college readiness benchmarks"—minimum scores on each
test's subsection that correlate with success in freshman-level college
courses. In 2022, the percentage of students meeting all four of these
benchmarks fell from 25 percent to 22 percent, the largest drop in 10 years.
These dramatic declines in test scores indicate that something went
deeply wrong in American schools during the last few years. The obvious
culprit is long-term school shutdowns. Notably, students in Sweden,
which kept elementary schools open throughout the pandemic, experienced
no learning loss.
School closures during the pandemic disrupted learning for millions of
American students. The effects are now becoming painfully clear.
This article originally appeared in print under the headline "School
Closures Caused Learning Loss".
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