The only possible rational values for sin(p pi)
when p is rational are 0, +-1, +1/2.
It's slightly easier to think about 2 cos(p pi).
This equals exp(i p pi) + exp(-i p pi) the sum of
two roots of unity, and so the sum of two algebraic integers.
So 2 cos(p pi) would be a rational and an algebraic
integer, and so also an integer (standard theorem: Z
is an integrally closed domain). Also 2 cos(p pi)
is between -2 and 2 inclusive.