A little radiation is good for mice
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Here is one for Taka.
In other words, low-dose radiation has been shown to promotes
methylation that accordingly has trans-generational epigenetic health
benefits. Following this line of logic, would NOT heavy antioxidant
supplement usage by pregnant mothers have according have NEGATIVE
health effects in mice?
The caveat is that it has ONLY been shown to hold true for the trans-
generational epigenetic effects for the progeny of pregnant mice.
Ergo, a functioning brain is required to ponder the implication
CORRECTLY of this though provoking research.
I am still waiting for the Science Psychos on these ngs to post
something remotely provocative in a useful sort of way.
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http://tinyurl.com/c32o5bk
X-rays may not heal broken bones, but low doses of ionizing radiation
may spark other health benefits, a new study of mice suggests.
Radiation in high doses has well-known harmful effects. Scientists had
thought low doses would do less extensive damage but could add up to
big problems later. But radiation acts differently at low doses,
producing health benefits for mice with an unusual genetic makeup,
Randy Jirtle of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and colleagues
report online November 1 in the FASEB Journal. Antioxidant vitamins,
such as vitamins C and E, erased those health gains.
“What goes on at high doses is not very predictive of what happens at
low doses,” says Edward Calabrese, a toxicologist at the University of
Massachusetts-Amherst. Chemicals that are poisons at high doses may be
growth or health promoters at low concentrations. “It’s a major
observation that is still to be appreciated,” he says.
Jirtle’s group studies mice known as viable yellow agouti mice.
Scientists use them to gauge how diet, chemicals and other
environmental conditions affect gene activity in animals, probably
including humans. Agouti mice have a genetic quirk that causes the
agouti gene to be turned on in all their body tissues. This results in
yellow coats, obesity, diabetes and more cancer than normal. But
attaching chemical tags to the DNA, a process called DNA methylation,
around the agouti gene shuts the gene’s activity down, leading to
lean, brown, healthy mice. Chemicals, stress or other factors that
interfere with methylation shift the coat color and health status of
the mice.
The scientists irradiated pregnant mice so that developing fetuses
received doses between 0.4 centigrays and 7.6 centigrays. (A human
dental X-ray delivers about 0.4 to 0.8 centigrays.) Some mice were put
in the scanner but not irradiated. Mother mice that got radiation
doses between 0.7 and 3 centigrays had more pups with browner coats
than did sham-irradiated mice. Browner coat colors among mice exposed
to low-dose radiation were associated with higher levels of DNA
methylation on the agouti gene, indicating that radiation does
something to alter the chemical tagging.
Giving mother mice antioxidants blocked the tagging. That finding
could mean that radiation is creating oxidants, chemicals that are
hungry to interact with other molecules. Too many hungry molecules in
a cell can tear apart proteins, DNA and other components, but small
numbers of oxidants serve as chemical messengers for cells. In this
case, low-level radiation may have signaled cells to shut down agouti
activity, thus making the mice healthier. Vitamins and other
antioxidants that intercept that message would promote the unhealthy
state.
Jirtle wasn’t exactly excited about the result at first. “Nobody wants
to think that low dose radiation could be advantageous and the stuff
you put in your vitamin pill would be bad,” he says.
Although the mice in Jirtle’s experiments have a specific genetic
quirk that may make low levels of radiation helpful to them, people
may also get some benefits from such exposure, Calabrese says. Before
antibiotics became widespread, some doctors treated ear and sinus
infections and gangrene with low dose X-rays. Low doses of radiation
are also sometimes used to treat arthritis in people who can’t take
anti-inflammatory drugs. Radiation may help modulate the immune system
by altering epigenetic tags on DNA in immune cells, he says.