Solar's future is so bright, you'll have to wear shades
By Roland Winston
The Modesto Bee
May 18, 2013
Solar is our most abundant and reliable form of renewable
energy, and, when used effectively, has the potential to
meet most, if not all, of our energy needs.
Each day we increase our fundamental ability to convert
sunlight into electricity and thermal energy, while
lowering the cost of doing so.
Has it taken significant effort and investment to get to
this point? Yes.
MCT - Gentry Mullen/ The Kansas City Star
Is there still progress to be made in the areas of solar
energy conversion and storage? Yes.
Is the day upon us when solar energy systems are as
ubiquitous as cell phones and automobiles? Not yet, but
that day can be seen on the horizon.
I first became interested in solar energy conversion as a
physics professor at the University of Chicago in the
1970s. Solving the problem of concentrating the sun's
rays for more efficient energy conversion was one of the
key accomplishments of a field I pioneered called non-
imaging optics.
With early financial support from Crawford Greenewalt and
the Department of Energy, I began seriously experimenting
with concentrating photovoltaic and thermal systems.
Although initially people were quite interested, the
United States cooled to solar energy in the 1980s.
However, other countries, including China, Israel and
Germany, embraced the technology.
Today, 250 million Chinese rely on solar energy for their
domestic hot water; 90 percent of Israeli homes are
equipped with solar hot water heaters; and Germany has
more than 26 gigawatts of installed photovoltaic
capacity.
By comparison, current industry figures place U.S.
installed photovoltaic capacity near 7.2 gigawatts.
Then, beginning in the mid- to late 1990s a very
important thing happened � the United States began to
reawaken to the potential of solar energy.
This reawakening can be traced to number of factors
including technological breakthroughs, the widespread
availability of silicon solar cells, the rising cost of
gasoline and other fossil fuels and the adverse
environmental impact of conventional power plants.
Solar was "hot" again and, thanks to an abundance of
sunshine and entrepreneurs, much of this reawakening took
place in California.
In 2003 I moved to California and accepted a faculty
position at the newest campus in the University of
California system, UC Merced. It was an opportunity to
establish a dedicated solar lab at a start-up campus in a
state that was rapidly embracing solar energy, and I
couldn't pass it up.
Almost immediately, I began collaborating with a group of
Silicon Valley entrepreneurs to develop concentrating
photovoltaic and thermal systems, and my solar lab was up
and running.
Shortly thereafter, we received very generous
contributions from Sarah Kurtz and an anonymous donor.
These funds enabled us to further push these technologies
toward commercialization.
I knew I was in the right place, and the numbers support
that perception.
According to a recent report by the Solar Energy
Industries Association, in 2012 California became the
first state to install more than 1 gigawatts of solar
capacity in a single year, continuing a trend that has
seen the total amount of installed capacity in the state
virtually double each year since 2009.
California is leading the way, but other states are not
far behind.
Arizona, for example, installed 710 megawatts in 2012,
and New Jersey took third place with 415 megawatts
installed.
This rapid growth in the U.S. solar market is driven by a
combination of lower prices for solar systems, the desire
to reduce carbon emissions, an overall acceptance of the
technology by the finance sector and the desire for
energy independence.
But the more we embrace solar energy as a nation, the
more we come to realize there are still opportunities for
innovation and the more we understand just where those
opportunities lie.
System costs must continue their downward trajectory, the
environmental impact of the manufacturing and disposal
processes must be minimized, the effects of intermittency
must be reduced, the impact of large solar resources on
the energy grid must be better understood and the
economic and societal benefits must be fully calculated.
While there are significant research opportunities
inherent in an emerging global market characterized by
rapidly evolving technologies and fluid market forces,
there are also challenges.
But we are beginning to experience a future where these
challenges are being overcome, and the full potential of
solar energy is being realized � to everyone's benefit.
Winston, a professor of engineering and natural sciences
at the University of California, Merced, is the director
of the UC Solar Institute (UCSolar.org), which is made up
of faculty and students from the University of
California's Merced, Berkeley, Santa Barbara, Davis, San
Diego, Riverside, Santa Cruz and Irvine campuses.
More at:
http://www.modbee.com/2013/05/18/2721760/solars-future-is-so-bright-youll.html
Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
Om Shanti
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