What you ask for occupies literally 10s of 1000s of pages in most
technical publications. There are many hundreds of mild, and alloy
steels alone, (not to mention stainless and tool steel specials).
However, a good source of "general" information shows up in about 40
pages of a publication from Penton Publishing called "Materials
Selector". Up until a few years ago it was published annually as the
December Issue of MATERIALS ENGINEERING Magazine. Now I understand it
is available from Penton [01] (216) 696-7000, as a stand-alone
publication.
Read carefully the "Fabrication and Uses" boxes on each page in Section
1, called "IRONS and STEELS". This will give you a good "non-technical"
treatment of what various types of steel are and how they are used.
Penton also provides a similar reference in its On-Line Machine Design
Web Page at:
http://www.penton.com/md/bde/rvmat5.html
Read through each section, and your probably learn more than you want to
know.
If you really want to get technical, try reading through Volume 1 of
METALS HANDBOOK publ by ASM International. You can find it at the Sci &
Tech div. of most any good public or university library. I'll caution
you, however, you'll be reading over 1000 pages, and probably not
understanding very much, unless you have a good materials science
background.
I hope this helps:
James R. Woodruff
Sr. Materials Engineer
CMW Inc.
Visit our web page at:
http://www.cmwinc.com/cmw