Request for material recommendation for plane sleeve bushing used for slow, intermittent, oscillating motion, where the loads are fairly high & the bushing can only be lubed once at assembly
John2005
I would like to ask if anyone could please help me select a suitable
material for a plane sleeve bushing used in a unique application I am
working on.
I need a plain sleeve bushing that will preferably be self lubricating
and provide good life in a slow moving, intermittently oscillating
application, where the bushing rocks back and forth very slowly and
intermittently.
The bushing ID is 1/8" and the bushing OD is 3/16". I am using the
bushing as a small cam-follower roller. The cam is rotated manually by
hand via a small lever, so the motion is very slow and intermittent.
However, the loads are fairly high for such a small bushing, and with
the oscillating movement, and the fact that the bushing can only be
lubricated once at assembly (and even that will be difficult), I am
worried about wear. I want the product to be maintenance free and
provide years of service.
I could really use the advice of someone who specializes in Tribology,
to recommend the most suitable material and/or lubricant for the
bushing, and/or someone who has had real world experience with a steel
bushing oscillating on a hardened shaft. I am thinking of using some
drill-rod as the bushing material, as I mention below, and I am
interested if that may be a viable option.
The maximum load on the bushing will be 7,168 PSI, plus I guess I
should have some type of small safety factor. The average bushing sweep
angle will be about 42.25 degrees, at an average cycle speed of about 1
to 3 Hz. I think the average surface speed would be 0.46 to 1.4 FPM.
The device will always be operated at room temperature, and be in a
very clean household environment with no dust or dirt. There is also no
chemical exposure & it does not come in contact with food. The bushing
will rotate on a hardened steel dowel pin meeting ASME B18.8.2
standards, I can either use plain ground finish, or black oxide finish.
I could also go with a 303 stainless shaft if needed. In this
application as a cam-follower, the bushing oscillates on a stationary
shaft. I could possibly put a very small amount of lube on the bushing
at assembly, but never again after that point.
The motion will always last for only a few seconds and then stop. It
may last 1-3 seconds on average, say two or three times per minute, and
then the rest the time the device is at a standstill, with a static
load on the bushing, of about 4,266 PSI, which could also be considered
the "average" bushing load, but the maximum will be 7,168 PSI. The
load changes as the cam is rotated. It might be used intermittently,
for a "total" of about 27 minutes per day, ( i.e., the device is
activated a few seconds at a time, a few times per minute, adding up to
27 minutes of total intermittent start / stop use, over the course of
around 3 hours, each day). Say 9 minutes per hour, with a "turn on"
time of 3 seconds, and a rest period of 27 seconds, for 3 hours. If I
can get 1,642 hours of service life, the product will last 10 years.
I won't need much running clearance, since the device always operates
at room temperature, and since heat from friction will not be enough to
cause any significant dimensional changes to the bushing, the speeds
are too slow and intermittent. However, I would like to keep the
maximum clearance between the bushing ID and the shaft at .004" or
less. So, if I start out at a clearance of .003", this only gives me
.001" for wear. Maybe I could get away with .002" of wear for a
maximum clearance of .005", but I am not sure. I could possibly start
out with a smaller clearance, and this would help give me more wear.
Ideally, I need something that can provide years of service under these
conditions, with very low wear rates.
I tried some plastic bushings from www.igus.com, but found that they
were so slippery, that there was sliding between the cam and the
bushing OD, because the friction between the cam and bushing OD, was
less than the friction between the roller ID and the shaft. Therefore,
the roller did not roll on the shaft. This caused the cam to wear a
flat spot on the bushing OD. I then tried the "FB" series bushings from
www.peerinc.com, but since they are a wrapped or spit bushing, it seems
when the bushing seam lines up with the cam, the cam spreads the
bushing apart at the seam. Plus the seam causes a little noise, and
bumpiness when it rolls on the cam curve.
I thought of pressing the above mentioned bushings into a steel tube,
to solve the aforementioned problems, but then the bushing OD becomes
about 1/4". I am working in such a confined space, that I cannot really
make the cam any smaller at all, because the minimum radius of
curvature becomes to small. Therefore, I really need to stay with a
bushing that has a 3/16" OD.
I also thought of putting some "belt dressing"
http://www.lpslabs.com/Products/Lubricants/Belt_Dressing.asp on the
plastic bushing OD, to insure that the friction between the cam and
roller OD is always greater than the friction between the roller ID &
shaft, in order to eliminate sliding between the cam and bushing OD,
but I just don't know how long it would last, and I need the product
to be maintenance free.
Since the plastic bushings seem to be to slippery on the OD, and I
cannot press them into a metal tube to make the OD less slippery, since
the OD will then be too big, I figure I must need some type of metal
roller.
I have not been able to find a stock bushing that meets the
requirements, so I am hoping someone can recommend a bushing material I
can machine or fabricate the bushings from. The bushings from Igus
and/or Peer would have lasted plenty long, but they just would not work
due to the problems mentioned above.
I am thinking of trying to use some 3/16" OD drill rod from
www.mcmaster.com for this cam-follower roller bushing. It's held to
close OD tolerance, and I can just cut to length and drill the center
hole out. I could then possibly lube it once, and put it in service.
Would drill rod provide both the needed load capacity and decent wear
resistance ? Perhaps I can shoot for .001" or .002" running clearance,
and then that will leave at least .002" for wear. Do you think I could
get a decent service life ?
I will be using a standard 1/8" OD hardened dowel pin as the bushing
shaft. It is hardened to Rockwell RC60, and has a surface finish of 8
micro-inch or better.
I can get the drill rod in A2, D2, M-2, 0-1, S-7,or W-1. Which grade
would be best ? I am thinking of using W-1.
What type of lube would you recommend ? I can only lube once at
assembly, and then never again. I guess the ideal lube would be a high
pressure lube that is good for pivoting motion, and that will stay in
place, and last. I also have to be very, very, careful not to get any
lube on the bushing OD, which looks difficult.
Would a dowel having a black oxide finish help at all, since black
oxide has lubricating properties, and it could possibly help retain
lube ?
Lastly, would this be just about as quiet as a standard bronze bushing
?
I would really appreciate, and be grateful for any advice or
suggestions anyone might have. It seems there must be a cost effective
material out there I could make the bushing from, that would provide
decent life, and provide quiet and maintenance free operation (it is
after all something that is just oscillated manually by hand, and is
not driven by a motor constantly). I don't have any way to quickly
simulate years of service in a test, but I need to have a reasonable
amount of confidence in the material and/or solution.
Thank you very much for your help.
Sincerely,
John
Wayne Lundberg
"John2005" <johnjme...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1124913368.6...@g14g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> Hello everyone,
>
> I would like to ask if anyone could please help me select a suitable
> material for a plane sleeve bushing used in a unique application I am
> working on.
>
most standard sizes from McMaster Carr. My son uses them extensively in his
RCWindjammer which is bullet proof when crashing continuously into curbs and
other sail cars at speeds over 20 MPH so the loads you propose don't seem to
be that hard to meet. But definitely experiment and make sure they will not
disintegrate on you since they are made through powder metallurgy.
Wayne Lundberg
"John2005" <johnjme...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1124913368.6...@g14g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
> I would like to ask if anyone could please help me select a suitable
> material for a plane sleeve bushing used in a unique application I am
> working on.
>
Sleeve Bearing
Thrust Bearing
Flanged Bearing
Plain bearings allow smooth, low-friction motion between two
surfaces. The term "plain" simply means the load is supported through
sliding motion between two solid surfaces (no moving parts such as ball
bearings).
Sleeve bearings support loads perpendicular to their rotating axis
(i.e. radial loads).
Thrust bearings support loads parallel to their axis of rotation (i.e.
thrust loads).
Flanged bearings do the work of both sleeve and thrust bearings,
handling radial and thrust loads.
For Shaft Hardness- Use bearing materials suitable for your shaft
hardness. Usually, the harder and smoother the shaft, the longer the bearing
will last. Some bearing materials will damage soft shaft materials. Use only
with hard shafting. Shaft Hardness
Rockwell
Example Hardness
Hard Hardened Steel RC 35 and higher
Medium Mild Steel RB 85 to RC 35
Soft Aluminum Lower than RB 85
P max- The maximum load a bearing can carry at 0 rpm.
Formula: Maximum bearing load (lbs. for inch sizes; N [newtons] for
metric) = P max (see table below) x bearing length x shaft diameter
To convert psi to N/mm2 , multiply psi value by 0.006894757. To convert
N/mm2 to psi, multiply N/mm2 value by 145.032.
V max- The maximum velocity or speed (based on the maximum shaft rpm)
that a bearing can carry at light loads. For inch bearings, maximum velocity
is stated in surface feet per minute (fpm). For metric bearings, it is
meters per second (m/s). To convert fpm to m/s, multiply fpm value by
0.00508. To convert m/s to fpm, multiply m/s value by 196.8504.
PV max -Once you've selected a bearing based on P max and V max, use
PV max (shown with product listings) as the final check to ensure that the
bearing can sustain your combined load and speed requirements. If actual PV
is less than PV max, the bearing should fit your application.
Bronze Plain Sleeve Bearings
Bronze Sleeve Bearings
SAE 841 Bronze- Similar to Oilite-style bushings with an alloy of
copper, tin, and carbon, these porous sintered bronze bearings are
vacuum-impregnated with 18% SAE-30 oil. Heat created by shaft movement draws
the oil to bearing surface. The oil acts as a cushion between the shaft and
bearing, reducing wear and increasing resistance to shock loads.
SAE 660 Bronze- An alloy of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, these
nonporous bearings resist shock loads and wear. High-temperature lubricants
are recommended over 250° F.
For Shaft Dia. Tolerance
For
Shaft Dia. Tolerance
SAE 841
1/8"-1 1/2" +.000" to -.001"
1 3/4"-2 1/2" +.000" to -.0015"
3" +.000" to -.002"
SAE 660
All ą.0010"
Metric SAE 841
All +.006 to +.024mm
Metric SAE 660
All ą.0254mm
OD Tolerance
OD Tolerance
SAE 841
1/4"-1 1/2" +.000" to -.001"
1 5/8"-2 1/2" +.000" to -.0015"
2 3/4"-3 1/2" +.000" to -.002"
4" +.000" to -.0025"
SAE 660
1/4"-3" +.002" to +.003"
3 1/2"-4" +.003" to +.005"
Metric SAE 841
15-18mm +.028 to +.046mm
19-22mm +.035 to +.056mm
Metric SAE 660
All +.0508mm to +.0762mm
Length Tolerance
Length Tolerance
SAE 841
1/8"-1 1/2" ą.005"
1 3/4"-3" ą.0075"
4" ą.010"
5"-6" ą.015"
6 1/2" Not rated
SAE 660
All ą.005"
Metric SAE 841
All ą1%
Metric SAE 660
All ą.1270mm
Bearing Material Temperature Range For Shaft Hardness Pmax Vmax PVmax
SAE 841 10° to 220° F Medium and up 2,000 1,200 50,000
SAE 660 10° to 450° F Medium and up 4,000 750 75,000
Metric SAE 841 10° to 220° F Medium and up 13.79 6.10 1.75
Metric SAE 660 10° to 450° F Medium and up 27.58 3.81 2.7
SAE 841 SAE 660
Lg. Each Each
For Shaft Dia.: 1/8"; Bearing OD: 1/4"
1/8" 6391K113 $0.38
6381K405 $4.12
1/4" 6391K111 0.35
6381K406 4.15
3/8" 6391K112 0.38
6381K407 4.23
For Shaft Dia.: 3/16"; Bearing OD: 1/4"
1/4" 6391K122 0.34
6381K501 4.11
3/8" 6391K125 0.38
6381K502 4.17
1/2" 6391K124 0.43
6381K503 4.23
5/8" 6391K123 0.43
6381K601 4.30
For Shaft Dia.: 3/16"; Bearing OD: 5/16"
1/4" 6391K114 0.35
6381K602 4.15
3/8" 6391K115 0.31
6381K603 4.21
1/2" 6391K116 0.31
6381K408 1.18
For Shaft Dia.: 1/4"; Bearing OD: 5/16"
1/4" 6391K126 0.26
6381K409 4.15
1/2" 6391K127 0.43
6381K410 4.22
3/4" 6391K401 0.46
6381K411 4.32
For Shaft Dia.: 1/4"; Bearing OD: 3/8"
1/4" 6391K131 0.43
6381K412 .92
3/8" 6391K136 0.46
6381K413 1.03
1/2" 6391K132 0.49
6381K415 1.18
5/8" 6391K133 0.49
6381K416 4.31
7/8" 6391K134 0.49
6381K417 4.43
1" 6391K135 0.49
6381K42 1.54
SAE 841 SAE 660
Lg. Each Each
For Shaft Dia.: 1/4"; Bearing OD: 1/2"
1/2" 6391K141 $0.61
6381K421 $4.40
5/8" 6391K402 0.72
6381K422 4.52
3/4" 6391K142 0.77
6381K423 4.56
1" 6391K143 0.84
6381K424 4.72
For Shaft Dia.: 5/16"; Bearing OD: 3/8"
1/4" 6391K403 0.43
6381K425 4.12
3/8" 6391K152 0.43
6381K426 4.16
1/2" 6391K153 0.43
6381K427 4.22
5/8" 6391K154 0.46
6381K428 4.29
3/4" 6391K155 0.46
6381K429 4.34
1" 6391K156 0.88
6381K43 4.46
For Shaft Dia.: 5/16"; Bearing OD: 7/16"
1/4" 6391K161 0.26
6381K431 4.23
3/8" 6391K162 0.31
6381K442 1.05
1/2" 6391K163 0.38
6381K443 1.23
5/8" 6391K164 0.45
6381K444 4.49
3/4" 6391K165 0.49
6381K445 1.43
1" 6391K166 0.54
6381K446 1.59
For Shaft Dia.: 5/16"; Bearing OD: 1/2"
3/8" 6391K404 0.56
6381K447 4.33
1/2" 6391K405 0.57
6381K448 4.44
3/4" 6391K406 0.66
6381K101 1.57
1" 6391K443 0.77
6381K102 1.77
1 1/4" 6391K444 1.08
6381K103 2.02
SAE 841 SAE 660
Lg. Each Each
For Shaft Dia.: 3/8"; Bearing OD: 1/2"
1/4" 6391K171 $0.31
6381K449 $4.22
3/8" 6391K172 0.34
6381K45 1.05
1/2" 6391K173 0.38
6381K451 1.23
5/8" 6391K174 0.46
6381K452 4.50
3/4" 6391K176 0.81
6381K453 1.44
7/8" 6391K175 0.61
6381K454 4.62
1" 6391K178 0.58
6381K455 1.57
1 1/4" 6391K179 0.60
6381K456 1.69
For Shaft Dia.: 3/8"; Bearing OD: 9/16"
3/8" 6391K181 0.45
6381K457 4.47
1/2" 6391K182 0.49
6381K458 4.59
3/4" 6391K183 0.60
6381K459 1.56
1" 6391K184 0.81
6381K46 1.73
1 1/4" 6391K185 0.84
6381K461 1.98
For Shaft Dia.: 3/8"; Bearing OD: 5/8"
1/2" 6391K186 0.69
6381K462 4.60
5/8" 6391K187 0.58
6381K463 4.70
3/4" 6391K188 0.69
6381K464 1.59
1" 6391K189 1.00
6381K606 1.80
For Shaft Dia.: 7/16"; Bearing OD: 9/16"
1/2" 6391K117 0.46
6381K607 4.56
5/8" 6391K118 0.38
6381K608 4.70
1" 6391K119 0.61
6381K609 1.80
1 1/4" 6391K407 1.12
6381K61 2.05
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