Purely-Radiant Cooling
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Green Xenon [Radium]
I thinking of a cooling mechanism for houses and building in which the
cooling -- in the direct sense -- involves only radiation and no
convection at all. Sorta like a radiant-stove-top in reverse.
Indirectly, however, some amount of convection and conduction will be
needed [liquid nitrogen/helium, cold metals]. The cooling panels are
on the ceiling and walls.
My visualization is that the radiant cooling panel contain extremely
cold metallic coils [cooled by liquid nitrogen and/or helium], this
would probably be deepest part of the panel.
Layer 1: a material that allows heat radiation to pass through but is
a very poor conductor of heat
Layer 2: the same material found on the very top of radiant stove tops
Layer 3: this is the deepest part containing the cool metallic coils.
Inside these coils are where the liquid nitrogen/helium would be
flowing through]
Sorry is my visualization is vague, I myself am getting confused by
it.
Can anyone think of a more efficient way for direct radiant cooling?
By direct radiant cooling, I mean that if you place your body at a
noticeable distance from from panel, you'll feel cold because the
extreme cold of the coil will draw IR radiation away from your body.
OTOH, if you touch the panel, you won't feel as cold because the 1st
layer of the panel is a very poor conductor of heat.
Thanks a bunch,
Radium
Noon-Air
"Green Xenon [Radium]" <gluce...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:9346331c-a406-4c62...@w7g2000hsa.googlegroups.com...
How are you going to deal with the condensation and the resultant water
runoff??
DIMwit
"Noon-Air" <Noon...@comcast.net> wrote in message
news:1vudndcs8Yq4jeTV...@comcast.com...
and what if the kids are already pole lickers? you'd need tongue defrosters.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> How are you going to deal with the condensation and the resultant water
> runoff??
I don't know, that's why I'm asking about this theoretical cooling
device in these NGs.
Noon-Air
Thats fine, but please consider that if your theoritical cooling device
worked without having humidity and condensations problems, then everybody
would already have one. Think radient floor heat, and then what is gonna
happen if you try reverse it and cool the floor.....its gonna get real wet.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> Thats fine, but please consider that if your theoritical cooling device
> worked without having humidity and condensations problems, then everybody
> would already have one. Think radient floor heat, and then what is gonna
> happen if you try reverse it and cool the floor.....its gonna get real wet.
So would this cooling device world best in low humidity -- so that
there is little condensation?
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
wrote:
>
>"Green Xenon [Radium]" <gluce...@gmail.com> wrote in message
>news:65087ac3-67fd-49a8...@m3g2000hsc.googlegroups.com...
>> On Jul 12, 1:12 pm, "Noon-Air" <Noon-...@comcast.net> wrote:
>>
>>
>>> How are you going to deal with the condensation and the resultant water
>>> runoff??
>>
>>
>> I don't know, that's why I'm asking about this theoretical cooling
>> device in these NGs.
>
>Thats fine, but please consider that if your theoritical cooling device
>worked without having humidity and condensations problems, then everybody
>would already have one.
Exactly. And, more so ( the others could be dealt with ) if
the cost of the expendables ( LN ) was cost effective.
IOW ( and this is very common in certain applications, not
space comfort cooling ), a simple coil and fan setup ( it could even
be the one you already have ), with liquid nitrogen metered through
it, and exhaused outside, as the cooling medium. Poof, all the other
issues go away, and the only remaining one is cost effectiveness. But
it's not done. Tells you something.
> Think radient floor heat, and then what is gonna
>happen if you try reverse it and cool the floor.....its gonna get real wet.
--
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.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
The condensation is easily dealt with, every AC and refrigeration unit
unit in existence today does it already, it's not the major issue.
Cost of operation is.
FWIW - LN is typically used when a very fast flash freeze is required.
It's a simple system - one solenoid, feeds a metering device and an
evaporator ( coil, plate, whatever ). It's applicable when a very
fast high-capacity drop is required. Also in cryo work, of course,
but that's a different application entirely, where the subject is
likely to exposed directly to the LN.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> IOW ( and this is very common in certain applications, not
> space comfort cooling ), a simple coil and fan setup ( it could even
> be the one you already have ), with liquid nitrogen metered through
> it, and exhaused outside, as the cooling medium. Poof, all the other
> issues go away, and the only remaining one is cost effectiveness. But
> it's not done. Tells you something.
If a fan setup is used, then would be convective -- not radiant --
cooling.
In my hypothetical radiant cooling system, the only 'convection', is
the supercooled nitrogen/helium being pumped in and out of metal coils
which are big enough and have enough space inside them for the
supercooled liquid to be pumped in and out of them.
The air temperature inside the room being cooled by this devices does
not change much. OTOH, the solids and liquids very easily cooled.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> On Sat, 12 Jul 2008 21:13:22 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >On Jul 12, 8:51 pm, "Noon-Air" <Noon-...@comcast.net> wrote:
>
> >> Thats fine, but please consider that if your theoritical cooling device
> >> worked without having humidity and condensations problems, then everybody
> >> would already have one. Think radient floor heat, and then what is gonna
> >> happen if you try reverse it and cool the floor.....its gonna get real wet.
>
> >So would this cooling device world best in low humidity -- so that
> >there is little condensation?
>
> The condensation is easily dealt with, every AC and refrigeration unit
> unit in existence today does it already, it's not the major issue.
> Cost of operation is.
Okay
>
> FWIW - LN is typically used when a very fast flash freeze is required.
> It's a simple system - one solenoid, feeds a metering device and an
> evaporator ( coil, plate, whatever ). It's applicable when a very
> fast high-capacity drop is required. Also in cryo work, of course,
> but that's a different application entirely, where the subject is
> likely to exposed directly to the LN.
What does LN stand for?
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
<gluce...@gmail.com> wrote:
>On Jul 12, 9:16 pm, .p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com wrote:
>
>> IOW ( and this is very common in certain applications, not
>> space comfort cooling ), a simple coil and fan setup ( it could even
>> be the one you already have ), with liquid nitrogen metered through
>> it, and exhaused outside, as the cooling medium. Poof, all the other
>> issues go away, and the only remaining one is cost effectiveness. But
>> it's not done. Tells you something.
>
>If a fan setup is used, then would be convective -- not radiant --
>cooling.
OK, turn the freaking fan off :-)
Put your panel somewhere, with a drain pan under it. My point
stands.
>In my hypothetical radiant cooling system, the only 'convection', is
>the supercooled nitrogen/helium being pumped in and out of metal coils
>which are big enough and have enough space inside them for the
>supercooled liquid to be pumped in and out of them.
Why not simplify the question, and posit a panel cooled by '
standard' refrigeration ? Because really the working fluid doesn't
affect your question.
And no, panels woudl not be effective, because radiant heat
moves from high to low, 'pushed' from the high. To 'pull' it, your
motive force, instead of coming from the high energy point at a direct
one to one 'push', would fall off at the inverse square of the
distance to the 'pulling' force, IOW it would be ineffective.
>The air temperature inside the room being cooled by this devices does
>not change much. OTOH, the solids and liquids very easily cooled.
--
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
Pretty much anything, as long as you feed it right :-0
Liquid Nitrogen.
Stormin Mormon
such radiant cooling.
The three ways to move heat are conduction, convection, and radiation. You
can do conductive cooling, of course. If the air is very still. But, since
air is an insulator, it won't be very effective.
My sense is that the laws and principles of physics aren't going to
cooperate with you, here.
--
Christopher A. Young
Learn more about Jesus
www.lds.org
.
"Green Xenon [Radium]" <gluce...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:9346331c-a406-4c62...@w7g2000hsa.googlegroups.com...
nicks...@ece.villanova.edu
>Radiant cooling panels work by a combination of radiation and
>convection.
There's a German ceiling system that only uses radiation...
Nick
@news.com KJPRO
"Stormin Mormon" <cayoung61**spamblock##@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:g5cpcd$lkm$1...@registered.motzarella.org...
>I thought
Your first problem...
> My sense
Which you don't have...
Abby Normal
wrote:
It is not theoretical
If you live in a humid place you are going to need dedicated outside
air units, and dehumidifiers.A disaster waiting to happen in my
opinion, if a system goes down you will have an indoor rain maker.
Not a rain maker because the surface of the panels is cold engough to
make conditioned air sweat as the panels will be 60 something degrees,
but cool enough if the ventialtion system went down, the humdity in
the ventialtion air would make it rain.
They use it in europe, one internet guy uses it a fair bit in the
pacific nw, you can use it in hospitals - you are not blowing germs
around.
Green Xenon [Radium]
To solve the wetness issue, the air in the room can be de-humidifed.
Noon-Air
Which defeats the purpose in the first place. Air conditioning is 90%
humidity control, and 10% temperature control.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> "Green Xenon [Radium]" <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote in messagenews:5d0e2430-5bec-4284...@56g2000hsm.googlegroups.com...
My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
are let into the room excluding H20. For re-circulation, air in the
room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
sucking or blowing.
Cooling should should be purely-radiant as possible.
Yes, heat absorbed into the radiant cooling panels is carried off
using convection -- but this is not what the subject inside the room
feels. The direct cooling effect on anything/anyone inside the room is
radiant.
The radiant cooling panel is on the ceiling of the room.
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
<gluce...@gmail.com> wrote:
>My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
>
>Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
>right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
>both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
>are let into the room excluding H20.
On what planet ?
>For re-circulation, air in the
>room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
>either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
>that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
>molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
>and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
>sucking or blowing.
That is going to be veyr very borin for your subjects.
Let me guess - this is a college paper-project for Thermo
101, right ?
I suggest you bone up on the basic laws governing
psychrometrics, for a starter.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> On Tue, 15 Jul 2008 19:50:12 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
>
> >Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
> >right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
> >both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
> >are let into the room excluding H20.
>
> On what planet ?
Our green earth. What else? We do have de-humidifiers.
>
> >For re-circulation, air in the
> >room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
> >either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
> >that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
> >molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
> >and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
> >sucking or blowing.
>
> That is going to be veyr very borin for your subjects.
Why?
>
> Let me guess - this is a college paper-project for Thermo
> 101, right ?
No. I thinking about this cooling device and asking about it simply
out of genuine interest.
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
<gluce...@gmail.com> wrote:
>On Jul 15, 8:02 pm, .p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com wrote:
>
>> On Tue, 15 Jul 2008 19:50:12 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
>>
>> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> >My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
>>
>> >Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
>> >right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
>> >both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
>> >are let into the room excluding H20.
>>
>> On what planet ?
>
>Our green earth. What else? We do have de-humidifiers.
Not that acheive 0 % RH, IOW 0 grains IOW 0 lb/lb ratio, you
don't. If you come up with one - patent it. Especially if it can be
done economically for comfort cooling.
>> >For re-circulation, air in the
>> >room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
>> >either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
>> >that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
>> >molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
>> >and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
>> >sucking or blowing.
>>
>> That is going to be veyr very borin for your subjects.
>
>Why?
It was a joke, son. A joke.
BTW, in a properly sealed system, the exhange rate 'molecules
in molecules out' is already equal. However, if you can figure a way
to MOVE them in and out without any movement being felt, in the
volumes needed to cool and dehumidify a space, you make sure to patent
it.
>
>>
>> Let me guess - this is a college paper-project for Thermo
>> 101, right ?
>
>No. I thinking about this cooling device and asking about it simply
>out of genuine interest.
Are you an EE, by any chance ?
Green Xenon [Radium]
> On Thu, 17 Jul 2008 14:45:26 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
>
>
> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >On Jul 15, 8:02 pm, .p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com wrote:
>
> >> On Tue, 15 Jul 2008 19:50:12 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
> >> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >> >My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
>
> >> >Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
> >> >right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
> >> >both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
> >> >are let into the room excluding H20.
>
> >> On what planet ?
>
> >Our green earth. What else? We do have de-humidifiers.
>
> Not that acheive 0 % RH, IOW 0 grains IOW 0 lb/lb ratio, you
> don't. If you come up with one - patent it. Especially if it can be
> done economically for comfort cooling.
Ok.
>
> >> >For re-circulation, air in the
> >> >room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
> >> >either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
> >> >that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
> >> >molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
> >> >and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
> >> >sucking or blowing.
>
> >> That is going to be veyr very borin for your subjects.
>
> >Why?
>
> It was a joke, son. A joke.
>
> BTW, in a properly sealed system, the exhange rate 'molecules
> in molecules out' is already equal. However, if you can figure a way
> to MOVE them in and out without any movement being felt, in the
> volumes needed to cool and dehumidify a space, you make sure to patent
> it.
>
You mean decompressing air to make the air molecules colder? But my
radiant cooling system used extremely-cold LN.
>
> >> Let me guess - this is a college paper-project for Thermo
> >> 101, right ?
>
> >No. I thinking about this cooling device and asking about it simply
> >out of genuine interest.
>
> Are you an EE, by any chance ?
No I am not an electrical engineer.
@news.com KJPRO
<.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com> wrote in message
news:gljv745eiqpqrnueg...@4ax.com...
> Are you an EE, by any chance ?
LOL
Steve
"Green Xenon [Radium]" <gluce...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:b30d2748-7ef3-4f49...@u36g2000pro.googlegroups.com...
> On Jul 15, 8:02 pm, .p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com wrote:
>
>> On Tue, 15 Jul 2008 19:50:12 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
>>
>> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> >My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
>>
>> >Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
>> >right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
>> >both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
>> >are let into the room excluding H20.
>>
>> On what planet ?
>
> Our green earth. What else? We do have de-humidifiers.
>
>>
>> >For re-circulation, air in the
>> >room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
>> >either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
>> >that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
>> >molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
>> >and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
>> >sucking or blowing.
Ok, so your describing a correctly sized, and properly installed DX cooling
system. That wheel has already been reinvented a bunch of times. If you can
come up with something that doesn't require a *second* refrigeration system
to de-humidify, and is more efficient, and more cost effective than a high
efficiency air source air conditioner or heat pump, then by all means patent
it, and let us know.
Green Xenon [Radium]
> "Green Xenon [Radium]" <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote in messagenews:b30d2748-7ef3-4f49...@u36g2000pro.googlegroups.com...
>
>
>
> > On Jul 15, 8:02 pm, .p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com wrote:
>
> >> On Tue, 15 Jul 2008 19:50:12 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>
> >> <glucege...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >> >My idea is to have the dehumidification separate from the cooling.
>
> >> >Dehumidification is done by air processing devices on walls -- left,
> >> >right, back, front. These walls give out and take in air. There is
> >> >both re-circulation and fresh air. For fresh air, all vapors molecules
> >> >are let into the room excluding H20.
>
> >> On what planet ?
>
> > Our green earth. What else? We do have de-humidifiers.
>
> >> >For re-circulation, air in the
> >> >room is sucked, dehydrated and then blown back into the room. In
> >> >either case, the amount of air-molecules-per-second-per-square-meter
> >> >that is sucked out of the room is the same is the amount of air-
> >> >molecules-per-second-per-square-meter the is blown into the room --
> >> >and visa versa. Hence, the subject in the room doesn't feel any
> >> >sucking or blowing.
>
> Ok, so your describing a correctly sized, and properly installed DX cooling
> system.
What does DX stand for?
>If you can
> come up with something that doesn't require a *second* refrigeration system
> to de-humidify,
Why should a second refrigeration be required to de-humidify the air?
One of my friends lives in NJ. His house has a de-humidification
system for the air that does not affect the air temperature. He uses
it both in winter and summer so that the extreme temperatures become
less perceptible. Yes, I repeat, he does use it in the winter as well.
The de-humidifier does *not* at all cool the air down.
Noon-Air
Direct Expansion (as in what happens to the refrigerant in a refrigeration
or air conditioning system)
>>If you can
>> come up with something that doesn't require a *second* refrigeration
>> system
>> to de-humidify,
>
> Why should a second refrigeration be required to de-humidify the air?
> One of my friends lives in NJ. His house has a de-humidification
> system for the air that does not affect the air temperature. He uses
> it both in winter and summer so that the extreme temperatures become
> less perceptible. Yes, I repeat, he does use it in the winter as well.
> The de-humidifier does *not* at all cool the air down.
<sigh> You really don't have a clue do you..... a dehumidifier IS a
refrigeration system. Time for you to go back to school and actually learn
WTF your talking about and the physics behind it. Then come back here and
ask questions.
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
Then he is being very foolish in summer. And very likely in
winter, also.
Yes, any Walmart stand-alone dehumidifier 'will not cool the
air down'. All heat picked up from the room ( latent + sensible ) is
released back into it ( sensible ). So ?
kool
Possibly a HRV system which does little to dehumidify in summer but works
well in winter because of the psychometrics involved.
No Body
>>>
>
> air down'. All heat picked up from the room ( latent + sensible ) is
> released back into it ( sensible ). So ?
>
Don't forget that the stand alone dehumidifier actually heats the air up..
by the amount of electrical energy expended....
Of course.. in a theoretical world.. perpetual motion machines actually
work! :-)
Don Ocean
Jon Elson
> On Jul 12, 8:51 pm, "Noon-Air" <Noon-...@comcast.net> wrote:
>
>
>
>>Thats fine, but please consider that if your theoritical cooling device
>>worked without having humidity and condensations problems, then everybody
>>would already have one. Think radient floor heat, and then what is gonna
>>happen if you try reverse it and cool the floor.....its gonna get real wet.
>
>
>
> So would this cooling device world best in low humidity -- so that
> there is little condensation?
in the room "air". What you are descibing, actually, is called
a "cryopump". It will end up condensing not only the water in
the air, but ALL the air! CO2 will freeze onto the coils, and
Oxygen and Nitrogen will condense and drip onto the floor,
thereby making puddles of liquid nitrogen and oxygen on the
floor. Since the nitrogen will just be cooled to saturation, it
will disappear immediately, leaving puddles of liquid Oxygen
behind. If you have anything but ceramic floors, such as
hardwood, vinyl tile, etc. you will likely have a violent
explosion rather quickly. Liquid oxygen is basically gaseous
oxygen compressed 1000 x, and therefore an extremely powerful
oxidizer.
Why cool something to 77 K to cool off a human body at 310 K.
Aside from the safety aspects of having something so dangerously
cold around, it can't be efficient. And, you won't get your
purely "radiant cooling", there will be HUGE sheets of insanely
cold air falling off the cold plates and collecting on the
floor. Within minutes, the room will have a thermal divide,
with totally frigid air from the floor to the bottom of the cold
plate.
Jon
.p.jm@see_my_sig_for_address.com
wrote:
Not to mention the noise of all that air falling and
shattering into little pieces, in between the oxygen explosions.
New Jersey
"No Body" <nob...@nowhere.com> wrote in message
news:slrng8t01o...@hub.fern.com...
>>>> >> On Tue, 15 Jul 2008 19:50:12 -0700 (PDT), "Green Xenon [Radium]"
>>>>
>>
>> Yes, any Walmart stand-alone dehumidifier 'will not cool the
>> air down'. All heat picked up from the room ( latent + sensible ) is
>> released back into it ( sensible ). So ?
>>
>
> Don't forget that the stand alone dehumidifier actually heats the air up..
> by the amount of electrical energy expended....
you mean: finished, exhausted, spent, all gone
Jon Elson
> I thought radiant heat worked cause it put out infared energy. I know of no
> such radiant cooling.
>
Yes, basically. There is no "cold", only heat or absence of it.
But, your body is at some sort of equilibrium with the rest of
your immediate environment. So, you are receiving thermal
radiation from the walls, floor and ceiling. If you put a cold
plate between you and that warm surface, that radiation is cut
off, and you become a more effective thermal radiator, as you
are farther out of equilibrium with your surrounds, you lose
more heat in balance, as you are receiving less. Of course, you
DON'T NEED to cool those plates to 77 K to get the cooling effect!
Jon
Green Xenon [Radium]
> cold air falling off the cold plates and collecting on the
> floor. Within minutes, the room will have a thermal divide,
> with totally frigid air from the floor to the bottom of the cold
> plate.
>
> Jon
Ok. What if the CO2 and water-vapor are removed as completely as
possible and the nitrogen & oxygen are repeatedly re-circulated and
heated to at least 70 Fahrenheit upon recirculation? Convective
heating prevents the N2 and O2 from liquefying. Would this help?
I know it's ironic that the air would have to be heated in order to
assist in preventing the radiant cooler from failing. Still
interesting, though.
Green Xenon [Radium]
wrote:
> interesting, though.
My visualization is that the radiant cooling panel contain extremely
cold metallic coils [cooled by liquid nitrogen and/or helium], this
would probably be deepest part of the panel.
Another important fact. Remember in my 1st message:
The radiant cooling panel is the ceiling. It has 3 layers.
Layer 1: a material that allows heat radiation to pass through but is
a very poor conductor of heat
Layer 2: the same material found on the very top of radiant stove tops
Layer 3: this is the deepest part containing the cool metallic coils.
Inside these coils are where the liquid nitrogen/helium would be
flowing through]
Layers 2 & 3 don't have any air molecules around them. The cold metal
coils are in a vacuum so they are not exposed to any air that would
solidify/liquefy.
About using nitrogen. I change my mind. I think it's better to use
helium. Extremely cold liquid helium.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_helium
Here, another question arises. Which is better to use -- Helium-3 or
Helium-4? Which one would have a stronger cooling effect if both were
at the same temperature?