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MOSFET Coss(er), Coss(tr), Eoss, etc

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Winfield Hill

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Apr 12, 2016, 1:37:56 PM4/12/16
to

Power MOSFETs have highly-nonlinear capacitances.
For the new super-junction types, voltages 500V
to 800V, nonlinearity can be severe, up to 100x.
A new Coss spec, effective capacitance, comes in
time related (tr) and energy related (er) forms,
with a stated voltage, usually 80% of breakdown.
It's a fixed capacitance that matches the FET's
charging time or energy consumption. Older FET
datasheets are missing these values. Anyway,
I have created an instrument to measure these
parameters and more, like Eoss vs drain voltage.
For schematic and pcb layout, see DropBox link:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0r75g7tzy1yuqw8/AACVeaFZds1jb19D_fEfdwMha?dl=0
Non-proprietary, sharing is OK. Comments please.


--
Thanks,
- Win

John Larkin

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Apr 12, 2016, 1:54:20 PM4/12/16
to
On 12 Apr 2016 10:37:37 -0700, Winfield Hill
Are Q11 etc to protect the LND150 gates? I tested some and they have
internal zeners that conduct nicely at about +-42 volts.

Wouldn't a c-v curve have the same information, after a little
mashing?



--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc
picosecond timing precision measurement

jlarkin att highlandtechnology dott com
http://www.highlandtechnology.com

Tim Williams

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Apr 12, 2016, 2:26:15 PM4/12/16
to
Cool!

There are still other capacitance-measuring methods, _none_ of which really
apply:
"Energy equivalent"
"Time related equivalent" (by CCS)
"Time related equivalent" (by RC to 80%)
"Hard switching equivalent" [*]

(I think it's IR who uses the RC method.)

Of course your circuit measures the energy parameter, and by measuring the
risetime of the event (rail to rail, not 10-90%), you can get the CCS time
equivalent as well. That's half of them!

[*] I don't think I've seen this anywhere. So I guess I invented it.

Explanation: consider that Superjunction capacitance acts like diode
recovery, except over a span of 10s of volts, rather than ~1V. Consider an
inductor switched across the transistor, from a constant voltage supply: at
first, current will rise almost linearly with time (as the voltage creeps
up), then as it leaves the high-C range, it explodes away with very fast
dV/dt. As voltage crosses VDD, the inductance remains charged to some
nonzero current, which is energy that must be minimized (if your layout can
be made tight enough with respect to the switching speed of the
transistors), or snubbed.

Because the inductor doesn't have the same (or complementary, I'm not sure)
nonlinearity, one cannot use an energy argument here, to evaluate either the
peak current or the risetime from existing manufacturer data.

In a typical application, the inductance being modeled, is the loop
inductance of a half-bridge (high side - low side - supply bypass C).

This would give a reasonably accurate result for hard-switching risetime.
For something like, say, an LLC induction heater[**], risetime would vary
between the CCS equivalent case (soft switching, load current-commutated)
and hard switching (under light load).

[**] An LLC converter might avoid hard switching, because it doesn't need a
wide frequency range. So I'm just choosing this to be specific.



Anyway, I like the divider-cascoded-into-bottom solution. U3A seems kind of
overkill, but I suppose a matched pair (Q16 plus a companion) wouldn't be
accurate enough. (Hey what? That VR25000002005KA100 is only 10%! and
there's no trim..?!) Similarly elsewhere, there's a lot of trim for
offsets, but not for divider tolerances, by the looks of it.

Huh, PCAD.. ancient! ;) I don't suppose there's a color output mode, is
there? It's hard to follow all the text boxes, net labels and component
comments when they're all the same size, and packed so tightly on one sheet.
(Alternately, can you do it on a bigger e.g. B or C sheet? I don't mean
redraw the whole thing, just as a suggestion.)

Like, what's the difference between "SIG" and
"Vx/150
SIG"
?
Are they all the "SIG" net and "Vx/150" is just a label?

(And obligatory "Sloman should love it because it's got a 555". :^) Two of
them even. A 556.)

Tim

--
Seven Transistor Labs, LLC
Electrical Engineering Consultation and Contract Design
Website: http://seventransistorlabs.com

"Winfield Hill" <hi...@rowland.harvard.edu> wrote in message
news:nejbp...@drn.newsguy.com...

Jim Thompson

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Apr 12, 2016, 3:56:11 PM4/12/16
to
On 12 Apr 2016 10:37:37 -0700, Winfield Hill
<hi...@rowland.harvard.edu> wrote:

>
Do the Spice models properly model these "highly-nonlinear
capacitances"?

...Jim Thompson
--
| James E.Thompson | mens |
| Analog Innovations | et |
| Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus |
| San Tan Valley, AZ 85142 Skype: Contacts Only | |
| Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat |
| E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 |

The touchstone of liberalism is intolerance

Cursitor Doom

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Apr 12, 2016, 4:12:37 PM4/12/16
to
On Tue, 12 Apr 2016 12:56:05 -0700, Jim Thompson wrote:

> Do the Spice models properly model these "highly-nonlinear
> capacitances"?
>
>

I very much doubt it.

Winfield Hill

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Apr 12, 2016, 5:32:23 PM4/12/16
to
Tim Williams wrote...
>
> Cool!

Thanks for your comments!

> There are still other capacitance-measuring methods,
> _none_ of which really apply:
> "Energy equivalent"
> "Time related equivalent" (by CCS)
> "Time related equivalent" (by RC to 80%)
> "Hard switching equivalent" [*]
> (I think it's IR who uses the RC method.)
>
> Of course your circuit measures the energy parameter,
> and by measuring the risetime of the event (rail to rail,
> not 10-90%), you can get the CCS time equivalent as well.
> That's half of them!

I'm hoping CS RR gives close to the Coss(tr) value.
But Coss(er) is more important.

>[*] I don't think I've seen this anywhere. So I
> guess I invented it.

I long ago made an instrument like that, IIUC.
Run half-bridge run 10kHz, etc, no load, just
plug in two DUTs, measure the power drain.
Simple, useful. But I wanted more detail.

> Explanation: consider ... [ snip ]

Just to point out right now my interest is not in
switched inductors, but it's an important topic.

> Anyway, I like the divider-cascoded-into-bottom
> solution. U3A seems kind of overkill, but I
> suppose a matched pair (Q16 plus a companion)
> wouldn't be accurate enough.

Correct, one current would be fixed, while the
other drops to well below 1uA, so the opamp is
necessary. It's important for low Vx values
near 1.0V (10mV or so after dividing) to have
low offset, because Coss changes so much near 0V.

> (Hey what? That VR25000002005KA100 is only 10%!
> and there's no trim..?!) Similarly elsewhere,
> there's a lot of trim for offsets, but not for
> divider tolerances, by the looks of it.

Yep. I'll measure the caps before installing,
thereby providing the necessary parasitic CAL
data (opto-couplers, etc.). C0G doesn't have
the DA soakage effect. I think a 1 or 2%
measurement of the Vx voltage is more than
good enough, provided the zero offset is low.

> Huh, PCAD.. ancient! ;)

My PC CAD files are all under my PCAAD folder,
but I long ago migrated to full Altium Designer.

> I don't suppose there's a color output mode, is
> there? It's hard to follow all the text boxes,
> net labels and component comments when they're
> all the same size, and packed so tightly on one
> sheet. (Alternately, can you do it on a bigger
> e.g. B or C sheet? I don't mean redraw the
> whole thing, just as a suggestion.)

It's B-size, and prints better on 11x17 paper.

My drawing is in color onscreen, with standard
Protel colors (my PCB tech's original choice).
I'll add a color version to the DropBox folder.

> Like, what's the difference between "SIG" and
> "Vx/150 SIG"

Yes, it's easier to see the difference between
the PCB net-names, and notes or connector names,
etc., if you have color image.

> (And obligatory "Sloman should love it because
> it's got a 555". :^) Two of them even. A 556.)

Yep! I like 555s, you get a flip flop, two
comparators, and various other useful items.
But I only use CMOS versions, thanks!

Thanks --- Win

>"Winfield Hill" wrote in message

Winfield Hill

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Apr 12, 2016, 7:52:51 PM4/12/16
to
Winfield Hill wrote...
> Tim Williams wrote...
>
>> I don't suppose there's a color output ...
>
> I'll add a color version to the DropBox folder.

Done. Note, the color version doesn't print
well on BW printers. But it's good onscreen.


--
Thanks,
- Win

Winfield Hill

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 8:25:20 PM4/12/16
to
Jim Thompson wrote...
>
> Winfield Hill wrote:
>
>> Power MOSFETs have highly-nonlinear capacitances.
>> For the new super-junction types, voltages 500V
>> to 800V, nonlinearity can be severe, up to 100x.
>
> Do the Spice models properly model these
> "highly-nonlinear capacitances"?

I would have said, no, but I found an example to
the contrary. This Infineon link has a 49-page
article by Anders Lind, with "support material".
http://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-Application+Note+Detailed+MOSFET+Behavioral+Analysis-AN-v01_00-EN.zip?fileId=5546d4624e24005f014e2a32e3f86291

[What an insane link address!]

In that you'll find a spreadsheet with 800 Coss
data points for SPA11N80C3 super-junction MOSFET.
These Coss data points were extracted into Excel
from the part's SPICE model, and they look petty
close to the datasheet plot. The article has
details. The SPICE model will be in my next post.


--
Thanks,
- Win

Winfield Hill

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 8:29:58 PM4/12/16
to
Winfield Hill wrote...
>
> I would have said, no, but I found an example to
> the contrary. This Infineon link has a 49-page
> article by Anders Lind, with "support material".
>http://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-Application+Note+Detailed+MOSFET+Behavioral+Analysis-AN-v01_00-EN.zip?fileId=5546d4624e24005f014e2a32e3f86291
>
> In that you'll find a spreadsheet with 800 Coss
> data points for SPA11N80C3 super-junction MOSFET.
> These Coss data points were extracted into Excel
> from the part's SPICE model, and they look petty
> close to the datasheet plot. The article has
> details. The SPICE model will be in my next post.

SPA11N80C3.txt

from PSpice_CoolMOS-C3_800V.lib

******

.SUBCKT SPA11N80C3_L0 drain gate source

Lg gate g1 7n
Ld drain d1 3n
Ls source s1 7n
Rs s1 s2 1m

Rg g1 g2 1
M1 d2 g2 s2 s2 DMOS L=1u W=1u
.MODEL DMOS NMOS ( KP= 12.62 VTO=4 THETA=0 VMAX=1.5e5 ETA=0 LEVEL=3)
Rd d2 d1a 0.356 TC=12m
.MODEL MVDR NMOS (KP=35.15 VTO=-1 LAMBDA=0.1)
Mr d1 d2a d1a d1a MVDR W=1u L=1u
Rx d2a d1a 1m
Cds1 s2 d2 33.9p
Dbd s2 d2 Dbt
.MODEL Dbt D(BV=800 M=0.55 CJO=1.75n VJ=0.5V)
Dbody s2 21 DBODY
.MODEL DBODY D(IS=0.7p N=1 RS=10u EG=1.12 TT=750n)
Rdiode d1 21 12.9m TC=6m

.MODEL sw NMOS(VTO=0 KP=10 LEVEL=1)
Maux g2 c a a sw
Maux2 b d g2 g2 sw
Eaux c a d2 g2 1
Eaux2 d g2 d2 g2 -1
Cox b d2 3.66n
.MODEL DGD D(M=1.2 CJO=3.66n VJ=0.5)
Rpar b d2 1Meg
Dgd a d2 DGD
Rpar2 d2 a 10Meg
Cgs g2 s2 1.22n

.ENDS SPA11N80C3_L0

******
**********

.SUBCKT SPA11N80C3_L1 drain gate source PARAMS: dVth=0 dRdson=0

.PARAM Rs=1m Rg=1 Ls=7n Ld=3n Lg=7n
.PARAM act=13.57 Inn=7.1 Unn=10 Rmax=450m

X1 dd g s Tj Tj cool_800_c_var PARAMS: act={act} dVth={dVth} dR={dRdson}
Inn={Inn} Unn={Unn}
+Rmax={Rmax} Rs={Rs} heat=0
L_Ld drain dd {Ld}
R_Ld drain dd 10

L_Ls source lsrs {Ls}
R_Ls source lsrs 10
R_Rs s lsrs {Rs}

L_Lg gate lgrg {Lg}
R_Lg gate lgrg 10
R_Rg lgrg g {Rg}

E1 Tj w VALUE={TEMP}
R1 w 0 1u

.ENDS

**********
**********

.SUBCKT SPA11N80C3_L3 drain gate source Tj Tcase PARAMS: dVth=0 dRdson=0
Zthtype=0

.PARAM Rs=1m Rg=1 Ls=7n Ld=3n Lg=7n
.PARAM act=13.57 Inn=7.1 Unn=10 Rmax=450m
.PARAM lzth={limit(Zthtype,0,1)}

X1 dd g s Tj 1 cool_800_c_var PARAMS: act={act} dVth={dVth} dR={dRdson}
Inn={Inn} Unn={Unn}
+Rmax={Rmax} Rs={Rs} heat=1
L_Ld drain dd {Ld}
R_Ld drain dd 10

L_Ls source lsrs {Ls}
R_Ls source lsrs 10
R_Rs s lsrs {Rs}

L_Lg gate lgrg {Lg}
R_Lg gate lgrg 10
R_Rg lgrg g {Rg}

C_CZth1 Tj 0 130.543u
C_CZth2 0 1 1.336m
C_CZth3 0 2 1.19m
C_CZth4 0 3 6.336m
C_CZth5 0 4 19.064m
C_CZth6 0 5 18m
C_CZth7 0 6 500m
C_CZth8 0 7 600m
R_Rth1 Tj 1 {17.41m+lzth*4.51m}
R_Rth2 1 2 {24.76m+lzth*6.42m}
R_Rth3 2 3 {93.55m+lzth*24.25m}
R_Rth4 3 4 {145.89m+lzth*31.95m}
R_Rth5 4 5 {144.16m+lzth*29.69m}
R_Rth6 5 6 400m
R_Rth7 6 7 5
R_Rth8 5 Tcase {2.1+lzth*427.4m}
.ENDS

**********

.SUBCKT cool_800_c_var dd g s Tj t1 PARAMS: dVth=0 act=1 dR=0 dgfs=0 Inn=1u
Unn=10 Rmax=1 Rs=1u heat=1

*control parameter: 1 if diode should store charge, 0 otherwise
.PARAM enable_diode=1

.PARAM w0={0.5p+SQRT(act)*1p} w1={215p*act} w2={41p*act} x1=-1.39 x2=-139m
Uoff=0.25 y1={exp(Uoff*x1)}
.PARAM w3={150p*act} w4={45p*act} w5={200p*act} x3=-105.3m x4=0.5 x5=2
x6=1 x7=1
.PARAM w6={85p*act} w7={60p*act} sl={2p*act}
.PARAM Cgs={90p*act} Cox={w0+w1+w2}
.PARAM k14=-2 deltb=1

.PARAM L=2u g2=57.5m fpar1=90m fpar2=2
.PARAM Vth0=3.75 fpar29=300 Tref=273 fpar3=5.5m
.PARAM fpar4=800m fpar5=100p fpar6=800 coxi=431.4u
.PARAM Un=99.19u fpar7=207m W={148m*act} fpar9=5
.PARAM fpar10=2.4 g16=-27.24 ta=1u td=110n
.PARAM fpar12=1 fpar13={5.169/act} fpar14={151m/act} fpar15=23
.PARAM fpar18=85.8u fpar19=-29
.PARAM fpar22={W*coxi*g2/L}

.PARAM Vmin=2.75 Vmax=4.75
.PARAM Vth={Vth0+(Vmax-Vth0)*limit(dVth,0,1)-(Vmin-Vth0)*limit(dVth,-1,0)}
.PARAM p1={Unn-Inn*Rs-Vth0}
.PARAM
p2={(((p1-SQRT(p1**2-4*fpar2/fpar22*Inn*(1+fpar1*p1)))/fpar2*fpar12+1)**2-1)/(4*fpar12)}
.PARAM p3={fpar15/(2*(Inn*(Inn*(Rmax-Rs)-p2)))}
.PARAM
Rlim={p3*(-fpar15+SQRT(fpar15**2+4*(Rmax*Inn)**2-8*Rmax*Inn*(Inn*Rs+p2)+(2*p2+2*Inn*Rs)**2))}
.PARAM dRd={fpar13+if(dVth==0,limit(dR,0,1)*max(Rlim-fpar13,0),0)}

.FUNC fpar24(Uee,p,pp,z1)
{if(Uee>pp,(Uee-fpar2*z1)*z1,p*(pp-p)/fpar2*exp((Uee-pp)/p))}
.FUNC fpar25(Uds,p,Uee,z1,Tjx)
{(fpar22/(1+fpar1*Uee)*(fpar29/Tjx)**1.5)*fpar24(Uee,p,min(2*p,p+fpar2*Uds),z1)}
.FUNC fpar28(Uds,Ugs,Tjx,p)
{fpar25(Uds,p,Ugs-Vth+fpar3*(Tjx-fpar29),min(Uds,(Ugs-Vth+fpar3*(Tjx-fpar29))/(2*fpar2)),Tjx)}
.FUNC fpar26(Uds,Tjx)
{act*exp(min(fpar19+(Uds-fpar6-fpar4*(Tjx-fpar29))/fpar7,23))}
.FUNC fpar27(Uds,Ugs,Tjx)
{sgn(Uds)*fpar28((SQRT(1+4*fpar12*abs(Uds))-1)/2/fpar12,Ugs,Tjx,fpar9*fpar18*Tjx)}

.FUNC fpar31(Tjx)
{exp(min(g16+(Tjx/fpar29-1)*(1.12/(Un*Tjx)),23))*(Tjx/fpar29)**1.5}
.FUNC Ird(Usd,Tjx)
{act*(-fpar31(Tjx)+exp(min(log(fpar31(Tjx))+Usd/(Un*Tjx),23)))}

.FUNC QCds(x,z) {w7*z-sl*z**2/2-w6*max((w7-w6)/sl-x,0)}

G_G1 d s VALUE={fpar27(V(d,s),V(g,s),Tref+limit(V(Tj),-200,999))}
R1 g s 2G
Rd01 d s 500Meg

G_G_Rd ldrd d VALUE
{V(ldrd,d)/((dRd*0.5*(1+SQRT(1+4*(max(V(ldrd,d),0)/fpar15)**2)))
+ *((Tref+LIMIT(V(t1),-200,999))/fpar29)**fpar10)}
R_R_ERd_g ldrd d 10k

G_Rdiod ldrd dio2 VALUE {
V(ldrd,dio2)/(fpar14*((Tref+LIMIT(V(t1),-200,999))/fpar29)**1.5)}
R_Rdiod ldrd dio 500Meg
V_sense dio dio2 0

G_diode s dio VALUE={Ird(V(s,dio),Tref+LIMIT(V(t1),-200,999))}
Rd02 s dio2 500Meg
G_diode2 s dio2
VALUE={LIMIT(I(V_sense2),-1k,1k)-fpar26(V(dio2,s),Tref+LIMIT(V(t1),-200,999))}

C_pack dd g {w0}
E_Edg1 d ox1 VALUE
{V(d,g)-((exp(min((V(d,g)+Uoff)*x1,0))-y1)/x1+min((V(d,g)+Uoff),0))}
C_Cdg1 ox1 g {w1}
E_Edg2 d ox2 VALUE {V(d,g)-((exp(min(V(d,g)*x2,0))-1)/x2+min(V(d,g),0))}
C_Cdg2 ox2 g {w2}

E_Eds1 dio2 dEQJ1 VALUE
{V(dio2,s)-(exp(min(V(dio2,s)*x3,0))-1)/x3+min(V(dio2,s),0)}
C_Cds1 s dEQJ1 {w3}
E_Eds2 d dEQJ2 VALUE {V(d,s)-2*(SQRT(x6*limit(x6+V(d,s),0,2*fpar6))-x6)}
C_Cds2 s dEQJ2 {w4}
E_Eds3 dio2 dEQJ3 VALUE
{V(dio2,s)-1/(1-x5)*(x7**x5*limit(x7+V(dio2,s),1e-6,2*fpar6)**(1-x5)-x7)}
C_Cds3 s dEQJ3 {w5}
E_Eds4 d dEQJ4 VALUE
{V(d,s)-(w7*limit(V(d,s),(w7-w6)/sl,w7/sl)-sl*limit(V(d,s),
+(w7-w6)/sl,w7/sl)**2/2-w6*max((w7-w6)/sl-V(d,s),0))/w6}
C_Cds4 s dEQJ4 {w6}

E_Egs g sm VALUE
{(0.5*((V(g,s)-k14)+SQRT((V(g,s)-k14)**2+deltb*0.3))-deltb*0.3)*Cox/(Cgs+Cox)}
C_Cgs sm s {Cgs+Cox}

V_Isense dd ldrd 0

G_G_Ptot_channel 0 Tj VALUE {heat*LIMIT(V(d,s)*I(V_Isense),0,100k) }
G_G_Ptot_Epi 0 t1 VALUE {heat*LIMIT(V(ldrd,d)*I(V_Isense),0,100k) }

*auxillary circuit for non-equilibirium diode charge

C_C001 a 0 {ta*td/(ta+td)}
R_R001 a b 1
V_sense2 b fpar2 0
E_E001 fpar2 0 VALUE {-enable_diode*ta/td*I(V_sense)}

.ENDS
*$

************************


--
Thanks,
- Win

Jim Thompson

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 8:34:20 PM4/12/16
to
On 12 Apr 2016 17:29:49 -0700, Winfield Hill
<hi...@rowland.harvard.edu> wrote:

>Winfield Hill wrote...
>>
>> I would have said, no, but I found an example to
>> the contrary. This Infineon link has a 49-page
>> article by Anders Lind, with "support material".
>>http://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-Application+Note+Detailed+MOSFET+Behavioral+Analysis-AN-v01_00-EN.zip?fileId=5546d4624e24005f014e2a32e3f86291
>>
>> In that you'll find a spreadsheet with 800 Coss
>> data points for SPA11N80C3 super-junction MOSFET.
>> These Coss data points were extracted into Excel
>> from the part's SPICE model, and they look petty
>> close to the datasheet plot. The article has
>> details. The SPICE model will be in my next post.
>
>SPA11N80C3.txt
>
>from PSpice_CoolMOS-C3_800V.lib
>
>******
>
>.SUBCKT SPA11N80C3_L0 drain gate source
>
>Lg gate g1 7n
>Ld drain d1 3n
>Ls source s1 7n
[snip]
>R_R001 a b 1
>V_sense2 b fpar2 0
>E_E001 fpar2 0 VALUE {-enable_diode*ta/td*I(V_sense)}
>
>.ENDS
>*$
>
>************************

How well does that run on LTspice ?>:-}

Winfield Hill

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 9:13:23 PM4/12/16
to
Jim Thompson wrote...
>
> Winfield Hill wrote:
>> SPA11N80C3.txt
>> from PSpice_CoolMOS-C3_800V.lib
>>
>> ******
>> .SUBCKT SPA11N80C3_L0 drain gate source
>> Lg gate g1 7n
>> Ld drain d1 3n
>> Ls source s1 7n
> [snip]
>> R_R001 a b 1
>> V_sense2 b fpar2 0
>> E_E001 fpar2 0 VALUE {-enable_diode*ta/td*I(V_sense)}
>>
>> .ENDS
>> *$
>> ************************
>
> How well does that run on LTspice ?>:-}

Hah, I thought you had PSpice. I keep thinking
about getting a copy, given constant struggles.


--
Thanks,
- Win

Jim Thompson

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 10:05:57 PM4/12/16
to
On 12 Apr 2016 18:13:08 -0700, Winfield Hill
I design on PSpice... by client requirements, my models must run on
LTspice... thus my back-handed comment >:-}

Winfield Hill

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 10:29:27 PM4/12/16
to
Jim Thompson wrote...
>
> I design on PSpice... by client requirements,
> my models must run on LTspice...

Whao, cheap-ass clients!


--
Thanks,
- Win

Jim Thompson

unread,
Apr 12, 2016, 11:00:39 PM4/12/16
to
On 12 Apr 2016 19:29:11 -0700, Winfield Hill
<hi...@rowland.harvard.edu> wrote:

>Jim Thompson wrote...
>>
>> I design on PSpice... by client requirements,
>> my models must run on LTspice...
>
> Whao, cheap-ass clients!

Actually not the _client_, the client's _customers_ use LTspice.

Tim Williams

unread,
Apr 13, 2016, 1:12:20 AM4/13/16
to
"Winfield Hill" <hi...@rowland.harvard.edu> wrote in message
news:nek3l...@drn.newsguy.com...
>> Do the Spice models properly model these
>> "highly-nonlinear capacitances"?
>
> I would have said, no, but I found an example to
> the contrary. This Infineon link has a 49-page
> article by Anders Lind, with "support material".
> http://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-Application+Note+Detailed+MOSFET+Behavioral+Analysis-AN-v01_00-EN.zip?fileId=5546d4624e24005f014e2a32e3f86291
>
> [What an insane link address!]
>
> In that you'll find a spreadsheet with 800 Coss
> data points for SPA11N80C3 super-junction MOSFET.
> These Coss data points were extracted into Excel
> from the part's SPICE model, and they look petty
> close to the datasheet plot. The article has
> details. The SPICE model will be in my next post.

I've got you one better ... if only in one specific case, I guess.

Some time ago, I was looking at the STW70N60M2 and related parts in the
family.

I put it all in a spreadsheet, but it's really rather messy to release, so
I'll speak to a screenshot instead:
http://seventransistorlabs.com/Images/STW70N60_Capacitance_Worksheet.png

My interest was to create a SPICE model of the '70. The '24 (24A class) was
available. Surely it's a simple matter of scaling up the terminal currents
proportionally -- more or less?

So let's see how the 24 works. Hmm. Turns out, the SPICE model is in error
by about 150%! This is illustrated as the blue curve in the energy plot
(left middle), and the capacitance plot (right middle).

Meanwhile, I used SPICE's junction capacitance formula to approximate Coss,
on whatever basis I can fit it. This resulted in the blue curves on the top
two plots: the energy is best-fit (by eye, to a screenshot of the model; I
didn't bother with curve extraction at the time), while the capacitance is
pretty reasonably close, except for that bizarre hiccup at 10-15V. What the
hell is up with that? Do they *check* these plots?

Aside:
On a separate occasion, I've measured the STP19NM50N,
http://seventransistorlabs.com/Images/STP19NM50N_Cdss_Overlay.jpg
and here it's plotted over the datasheet graph. See how it tanks like that?
Yeah, the real thing doesn't tank like that. I suspect it's a plotting
error (bad use of Bezier objects??), but crap like this /shouldn't make it
into datasheets/.

So I suspect the energy curve isn't bad, and my model is probably a good fit
to the real part.

Back to the 24A part's SPICE model. I set up a SPICE "test bench" to
directly read off E(V) and C(V), and compared my models (using diodes of
appropriate CJO, M and VJ) to the SPICE models. This is where I obtained
the 24's erroneous curves, and corrected them.

In case you were curious, ST wasn't interested in my fix for their crummy
model. ;-)

Finally, the bottom two plots show charging curves. These are generated by
taking 1000 points (it's a big spreadsheet..) and solving the difference
equation for the appropriate equivalent circuit.

The three sets of curves are for the '70 (hand-fitted), the '24 (from
SPICE), and then the '70 model scaled to the '24's datasheet value (which is
also the best-fit red curve in the middle graphs, so indeed this appears to
be a geometry scaling only).

The "R (us)" curves are the resistor-charge-to-80% value. As you can see,
this starts much the same as the CCS method, but has a terribly long tail,
so tends to unfairly weight the capacitance at high voltages, which will
give a low estimate.

The "CCS (us)" curves, of course, are simply by CCS alone. The OP circuit
will generate this waveform, backwards of course.

In fuchsia, "ramp (us)" was only computed for the '70, and uses a linear
current ramp to approximate an inductance. As you can see, it's practically
diode recovery: it sits there, below 20V, for a long-ass time, then bolts
like a spooked horse!

The final output numbers (from these curves) are given near the input
parameters:

Res = resistive equivalent (100kohm resistor to +600V; equivalent is based
on the time taken to 80%, or 480V)
CCS = constant current time equivalent
Cdss E_eff = energy equivalent
ramp eff = inductive hard switching equivalent (my method).

As you can see, the equivalents are kind of all over the place; CCS makes
the largest equivalent, while energy is the lowest. If you see one but not
the other, you can probably guess a datasheet is trying to sell you
something.

The model data is also present here: Cpar is fixed capacitance, CJO, m and
VJ are diode parameters, and both models have two diodes in parallel
(allowing two VJ breakpoints). Obviously, the one that's 0nF doesn't count,
so a good fit was had with just the one.

The m values are quite large (ultrahyperabrupt?), whereas some SPICE engines
limit it to 0.9 or something like that, for diodes. (Does anyone have any
clue why? It's a completely arbitrary and superfluous limit!) So I also
built a nonlinear dependent equivalent, which works fine on any SPICE.

Winfield Hill

unread,
Apr 13, 2016, 7:03:19 AM4/13/16
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Tim Williams wrote...
>
> I put it all in a spreadsheet, but it's really rather
> messy to release, so I'll speak to a screenshot instead:

Very interesting. Thanks!


--
Thanks,
- Win
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