Prime and Atomic Numbers
Robert Fung
in the chemical groups of the periodic table. Copper, silver, gold
are all prime atomic numbers in thesame chemcal group for instance.
Simularly Li, Na, K and Rb are sequentially prime and in the same
group.
Robert Fung
--
Robert Fung 7134...@compuserve.com
James Aldridge
>
> Why do the elements with prime atomic numbers tend to reside sequentially
> in the chemical groups of the periodic table.
Fascinating question. Is there an inherent periodicity in the appearance
of prime numbers in the whole number sequence?
Robert Fung
and the number of electrons in the outer shell. The prime atomic numbers
have in general 1, 3, 5, 7 electrons in the outer shells:
1 - Li,Na,K,Rb
3 - Ac
5 - V,Nb,Ta
7 - Tc, Uns, Pm
1 - Cu, Ag, Au, Bk
3 - B, Al, Ga, Ho
5 - N, Bi, Md
7 - Cl, I
2 - He
5 - Pr
7 - Lu, Lr
--
Robert Fung 7134...@compuserve.com
Paul Karol
Robert Fung@CompuServe.C
> in the chemical groups of the periodic table. Copper, silver, gold
> are all prime atomic numbers in thesame chemcal group for instance.
Element 111 has just been discovered in Germany. It is eka-gold. That
is, it is part of the Cu, Ag, Au family and lies below gold in the
periodic table. 111 is not a prime number. Perhaps you're reading too
much into the numerology.
Paul J. Karol
Nuclear Chemist
bill nelson
: Why do the elements with prime atomic numbers tend to reside sequentially
: in the chemical groups of the periodic table. Copper, silver, gold
: are all prime atomic numbers in thesame chemcal group for instance.
: Simularly Li, Na, K and Rb are sequentially prime and in the same
: group.
Well, it would be expected, since the number of electrons in the outermost
level, and to some extent the level below it, tend to determine the chemical
characteristics of the element. Add in the way shells fill, and the mystery
disappears.
Bill
Robert Fung
odd number of electrons in the outer shells. Even atomic numbers also
tend to fall into chemical groups with an even number of elctrons in the outer shells. Is there a relationship between the atomic numbers and the the
number of electrons in the outer shells?
--
Robert Fung 7134...@compuserve.com
Robert Clark
<7134...@CompuServe.COM> wrote:
Prime numbers greater than 2 are all odd (even numbers are by definition
divisible by 2), and in the periodic table the number of electrons (total
for all shells) is equal to the atomic number in the neutral atom. So,
when we look at the number of electrons in a neutral atom with a prime
atomic number we have an odd number of electrons. A filled shell is by
definition an even number of electrons as the electrons pair in filling
the shell. Hence, when we look at total electrons minus those in filled
shells, or (with the exception of a few cases) the outer shell, we get
odd minus even which always gives an odd number. To say that even atomic
numbers gives even outer shells is simply saying that even minus even
gives an even number. Yes, there is a relationship between atomic number
and the number of electrons in the outer shell, especially whether or not
the number is even. Hope this helps. If your looking for some sort of
patterning of prime numbers you might try a mathematics group, I'm sure
someone has looked at it, but I think its enough to realize that most of
our understanding of how electrons fill shells in atoms is explained by
geometry and symmetry so these patterns that you find are almost
ingrained.
Michael Moroney
Robert Fung <7134...@CompuServe.COM> wrote:
> odd number of electrons in the outer shells.
Primes (other than 2) are all odd, so, other than He, you're just looking at
a subset of elements with an odd atomic number, and an odd number of electrons.
Since filled shells always have an even number of electrons in them, the
"leftover" electrons in the unfilled outer shells will be an odd number.
This is true for any other subset of odd numbers such as odd Fibonacci numbers
or odd nonprimes. No need to look for any numerology. See a good chemistry
book to learn about the order of filling of the electrons in shells.
-Mike
kyle...@gmail.com
omni...@gmail.com
> So what about a qualitative relationship between groups of prime atomic numbers? Copper silver gold. These three have prime numbers and are also related through superconductivity, non-magnetic,and maleable like putty to an extent; not to mention how shiney and pretty they are. Is there an even broader attitude with groups of certain prime atomic numbers? Lets say between metals, non-metals,etc, and their numeric electron value? Whether we can get any bigger of a group than those three elements or not, isn't it an interesting idea or revelation? I'm just a trivia guy; can a math/chem guy or gal give me some insight to this?
Each element has a nucleus with a lattice of protons and neutrons.
A simple cubic core is the surprise! Not a prime surprise,
a Simple Cubic Crystallographic lattice, where each face
has a pile of protons and neutrons to armor the cube.
The Face Armored Cubic geometry is more profound than
primes.