Larry Lippman: In Memoriam
Jack Campin
> I regret to tell you that Larry Lippman suddenly passed away. (Heart
> attack, no warning whatever.)
Larry was about the most consistently friendly and interesting poster I've
ever seen on the net. I'm sure I'm not the only person who now wishes
they'd saved more of his postings. Does anyone have a fairly comprehensive
archive of them? If so, it might be worth posting it. Or worth
reconstructing such an archive from whatever we can find both at his site
and scattered round the net.
The truth about gelatin. Why you can't tap power lines with inductive loops.
Bizarre family anecdotes about the soap industry. The kind of material you'd
never find in print and which are what make the net worthwhile.
--
-- Jack Campin Computing Science Department, Glasgow University, 17 Lilybank
Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland 041 339 8855 x6854 work 041 556 1878 home
JANET: ja...@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk BANG!net: via mcsun and ukc FAX: 041 330 4913
INTERNET: via nsfnet-relay.ac.uk BITNET: via UKACRL UUCP: ja...@glasgow.uucp
Mark Robert Thorson
rocket launcher, I must say he provided me with the greatest
number of answers to my important questions posted to the net.
Somewhere I've still got his response to my questions about
electroanesthesia (Larry actually evaluated an H-P electroanesthesia
device for a previous employer). My question about protein in
shampoo elicited an interesting story about his family's soap
business. My "Fun With Radioactive Materials" thread inspired
a number of other "Fun With ..." threads, and Larry's response was
the most informative, and it included a reference to a book which
is now the most expensive book in my book collection (over $60
for a first edition of _Cathode_Ray_Tube_Displays_, vol. 22 of
the MIT Rad Lab Series). And he actually took the time to dig
up an obscure reference to answer my question about the composition
of bezoar stones.
In the future, when we count up the names of people who we regret
not having cryonically suspended, Lippman will be there, along
with Feynman and probably Minsky too.
Dennis Lou
>In the future, when we count up the names of people who we regret
>not having cryonically suspended, Lippman will be there, along
>with Feynman and probably Minsky too.
Amazing how, in this day and age, we are able to e-mail celebrities.
Do you think, by the year 2000, connectivity will increase to the
point where we can send e-mail to the president of the USA?
--
Dennis Lou || "But Yossarian, what if everyone thought that way?"
dl...@ucsd.edu || "Then I'd be crazy to think any other way!"
[backbone]!ucsd!dlou |+====================================================
dl...@ucsd.BITNET |Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak went to my high school.
Phil Ngai
>Larry was about the most consistently friendly and interesting poster I've
>ever seen on the net. I'm sure I'm not the only person who now wishes
>they'd saved more of his postings. Does anyone have a fairly comprehensive
>archive of them? If so, it might be worth posting it. Or worth
>reconstructing such an archive from whatever we can find both at his site
>and scattered round the net.
I have some of the flame wars (there were several, I believe) he had
with John DeArmond, but I suspect that's not what you had in mind.
--
This posting is purely a personal opinion.
Intel Inside is as important as IBM outside.
Steve Elias
>In the future, when we count up the names of people who we regret
>not having cryonically suspended, Lippman will be there, along
>with Feynman and probably Minsky too.
<hordes of MIT undergrads chasing Minsky around Cambridge,
armed with cans of freeze-spray.>
/eli
--
/* e...@cisco.com ; 415 688 4517 */
Donald H MacGregor
>>not having cryonically suspended, Lippman will be there, along
>>with Feynman and probably Minsky too.
Don't despair! We still have their DNA!
Blair P. Houghton
This is all I have left of Larry, out of some 3000 posts
I have lying around (and it's just a carbon of my reply
to a reply...):
# From bhoughto Tue Feb 26 20:47:13 MST 1991
# Newsgroups: sci.engr,talk.bizarre
# Subject: Re: How do they...?
# Summary:
# Expires:
# References: <1991Feb20.2...@syssoft.com> <1991Feb22.1...@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> <76...@jhunix.HCF.JHU.EDU>
# Sender:
# Followup-To:
# Distribution:
# Organization: Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ
# Keywords: chocolate-covered cherries
#
# In article <76...@jhunix.HCF.JHU.EDU> ros...@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu (Tsuma Kavazi) writes:
# >>In article <1991Feb20.2...@syssoft.com> t...@ssi.UUCP (Rodentia) writes:
# >>>In article <47...@kitty.UUCP> la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman) writes:
# >>>HOW DO THEY GET THE m's ON M&M's !?!?!
# >>Does anyone know the secret?
#
# Midgets with carved potatoes dipped in evaporated milk[*].
#
# Gas lasers, beryllium mirrors, a wind-tunnel,
# and neural-network software DARPA would die for.
#
# That "hap-py little trees" guy who paints on PBS.
#
# [*] The midgets, not the potatoes.
#
# >I had to guess how a candy bar is made during the 2nd interview with them,
# >and the hardest part was figuring out how they coat chocolate evenly around
# >the bar.
#
# They don't. It's wider on the bottom. Everybody knows that.
#
# --Blair
# "What M?"
--Blair
"Larry, we hardly knew ye; ,
and this doesn't help, much...:-("
Mike Van Pelt
These are all from sci.chem, some of his many postings to improve
the signal-to-noise ratio. From X-ray crystallography studies of
NI3*NH4 complexes (!!!) to flavor chemistry to the genuine,
original formula for Real Silly Putty.
I never met him; I don't think I ever exchanged email with him.
But I'm really going to miss him.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Article 1373 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ubvax!lll-winken!uunet!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Chemical warfare in Iraq
Summary: Effects of Mustard Gas & Medical Uses of CW agents
Message-ID: <40...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 12 Sep 90 05:11:13 GMT
References: <1990Sep11....@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> <1990Sep11.1...@agate.berkeley.edu>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 47
In article <1990Sep11.1...@agate.berkeley.edu>, la...@pylos.cchem.berkeley.edu (Raymond L. June) writes:
> |> Their chief weapon is mustard gas, which has the following structure:
The easiest way to remember the composition is to consider its
chemical name: 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide. A IUPAC purist might use
different nomenclature, though (probably a thiobis chloroethane of sorts
with appropriate numbers and brackets thrown in :-) ).
> |> It binds to the skin and produces HCl, which or course burns like crazy.
> |> It does the same thing to your lungs. It is actually a liquid which is
> |> sprayed as a mist, so it tends to collect in pools on the ground afterward.
>
> It also goes after the bone marrow and such. I'm told very similar
> molecules are used in chemo-therapy.
Most of the effects involve the eyes, skin and lungs. While
blindness and permanent respiratory damage may result, the mortality rate
is actually suprisingly low. This agent does indeed incapacitate, however!
Some pharmaceutical products are indeed similar to chemical warfare
agents. Nitrogen mustard (N-methyl-2,2'-dichlorodiethylamine) has been used
as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of leukemia. Another example,
which is an organophosphorous compound related to nerve gases, is isopropyl
fluorophosphate. While this substance not only acts as a cholinesterase
inhibitor but forms HF in contact with water, it is used in diluted form
as a treatment for glaucoma.
Another interesting byproduct of chemical warfare is a compound
commonly referred to as BAL, which stands for British Anti-Lewisite, and
chemically is 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. BAL was developed during
World War II to counteract the effects of the chemical warfare agent
Lewisite (2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine), a vesicant and systemic poison
which is particularly nasty because it permeates many rubber compounds
used in protective clothing. BAL, while toxic in and of itself, has
proven very useful in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
> |> Now, let's see a show of hands: How many people out there would like to
> |> lock Saddam Hussein in a room and flood it with mustard gas and watch
> |> him squirm?
>
> This won't really solve the problem.
It's a step in the right direction, however.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
Article 2325 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!apple!usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: looking for thick liquids
Summary: Try this on for "size"... :-)
Message-ID: <42...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 3 Jan 91 04:04:35 GMT
References: <1990Dec26....@ultra.com> <1990Dec30....@monsanto.com>
Distribution: usa
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 31
In article <1990Dec30....@monsanto.com>, jmm...@monsanto.com writes:
> > There are occasional articles in J. Chem. Educ. about classroom demos and I
> > vaguely remember a few on polymers and gels. I think one of them involved
> > aqueous solutions of boric acid and <cannot recall other ingredients>.
>
> I think these demos use sodium borate and polyvinylalcohol (PVA). A
> solution of borate is mixed with a solution of PVA to rapidly crosslink and
> form a SLIME.
This reaction is similar to that used in producing "sizing"
compounds from PVA. A sizing compound is a type of surface coating used
to protect yarn from mechanical abrasion during weaving. Sizing works
by "sliming together" :-) any protruding fibers so that they stick to
the core of the yarn. Sizing is removed by washing and/or dyeing after
weaving is complete.
While starch derivatives are a common sizing compound used with
cotton and wool, they are not suitable for continuous filament yarns
(acetate, rayon, etc.) due to poor adhesion.
A PVA-based sizing compound mixed with water is the ultimate
slime material.
I am not certain of the exact reaction that occurs between sodium
borate and PVA, but I would guess that hydrolysis causes the loss of water
from two adjacent hydroxyl groups, thereby resulting in crosslinking at
ether linkages.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
Article 2803 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ames!rex!wuarchive!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: PF6 metal salts (more colored flames)
Summary: Some "classic" recipes & hexafluorophosphates & blowpipe tests
Keywords: colored flames
Message-ID: <47...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 9 Mar 91 03:30:19 GMT
References: <009452D9...@aclcb.purdue.edu>
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 120
In article <009452D9...@aclcb.purdue.edu> mig...@aclcb.purdue.edu (Phillip) writes:
> I'm still casting about for the right chemicals to provide colorful
>flames for juggling torches.
I had a thought about a "classic" reference source, so I dug out my
1927 edition of "Henley's Formulas for Home and Workshop". Lo and behold,
they had several recipes for colored flames, which I reproduce as follows:
BLUE Potassium chlorate 10 parts
Copper chlorate 20 parts
Alcohol 20 parts
Water 100 parts
BLUE Copper chlorate 100 parts
Copper nitrate 50 parts
Barium nitrate 25 parts
Potassium chlorate 100 parts
Alcohol 500 parts
Water 1000 parts
GREEN Barium chlorate 20 parts
Alcohol 20 parts
Water 100 parts
GREEN Barium nitrate 10 parts
Potassium chlorate 10 parts
Alcohol 20 parts
Water 100 parts
YELLOW Sodium chlorate 20 parts
Potassium oxalate 10 parts
Alcohol 20 parts
Water 100 parts
VIOLET Strontium chlorate 15 parts
Copper chlorate 15 parts
Potassium chlorate 15 parts
Alcohol 50 parts
Water 100 parts
LILAC Potassium chlorate 20 parts
Copper chlorate 10 parts
Strontium chlorate 10 parts
Alcohol 50 parts
Water 100 parts
There is no written explanation given beyond the above recipes.
The term "alcohol" is not defined, but I suspect they refer to methanol.
The water content seems a bit high to me, but perhaps it is necessary
to dissolve the solids and form a stock solution, which is then mixed
with additional pure methanol.
Please note that I make no representation as to the safety or
efficacy of these recipes; I am merely reproducing information from an
"antique" book. I urge extreme caution in the use of the chlorates, if
anyone actually wishes to try these recipes.
> A fellow on the JUGGLING listserv (Jim) suggested I use salts with a
>PF6 anion because its large size is likely to make them soluble in non-polar
>solvents. Actually, I've found a few salts that are acceptably soluble in
>methanol (copper chloride (green), lithium chloride (magenta), potassium
>acetate (blue-violet)). Also boric acid makes an excellent green flame.
>But I'd be interested to know whether PF6 salts would work, how they might
>be synthesized or bought and whether they are hazardous. Would an
>inorganic chemistry textbook provide information on this sort of thing?
The hexafluorophosphate anion is stable and water-soluble. I have
encountered sodium hexafluorophosphate, which has a couple of hydrates, but
that's about it. Hexafluorophosphoric acid is used for metal finishing,
and readily forms salts. However, I don't believe that PF6 salts by
themselves are very common. I don't see any great advantage to PF6 salts
to effect alcohol solubility for colored flames, though.
Interestingly enough, the PCl6 hexachlorophosphate is not at all
stable in aqueous solution. Hexacoordinate phosphorous is a strange beast,
about which I know almost nothing. SF6, which is used as an insulating
gas in transformers, is extremely stable. SF4, however, is extremely
reactive. I have no idea why this is so, considering that the S-F bond
enthalpies are essentially the same for SF6 and SF4, and considering
that phosphorous has only *four* s and p orbitals available for any
strong bonding.
> On another tack, (and I hope I'm not straying too far into the esoteric
>or plain dumb with this) is there any fuel (or adulterant that could be
>added to fuel) that would produce a reducing (as opposed to the normal
>oxidizing) flame? I ask this because the descriptions of Bead Tests in the
>CRC (p. D-138 of my 63rd edition) mention oxidizing and reducing flames.
>Copper, for instance, burns green or blue in an oxidizing flame (in the
>Borax Bead test) and red, opaque or colorless in a reducing flame.
Do any courses still cover blowpipe techniques? Actually, I
believe that blowpipe techniques may still be used in the field for
mineral identification.
Based upon the blowpipe definition, a reducing flame is one that
is yellow, and therefore rich in fuel, with the yellow color being caused
by unburnt carbon. The actual reducing agent is carbon monoxide, which
will readily acquire oxygen to become carbon dioxide. Along this same
line, an oxidizing flame is one that is pale blue and rich in oxygen
(generally resulting from air under pressure being introduced into the
flame).
In blowpipe work, one creates a reducing flame by blowing so
that the flame becomes horizontal, thus apparently losing some of its
oxygen uptake created by natural draft. One creates an oxidizing flame
by inserting the blowpipe into the base of the flame, and thereby adding
more oxygen than would be created by natural draft.
Y'all be sure to get out your blowpipes, lamps and carbon blocks
and practice your technique! One needs a backup in case the AA or ICP
goes down. :-)
You could probably create a reducing flame by use of higher m.w.
alcohols, or introducing alkanes, such as adding kerosene. This may
create some wick problems, however, on a torch intended for the much
more volatile alcohol.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Article 2829 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ames!sun-barr!apple!usc!wuarchive!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.research,sci.psychology,sci.bio,sci.chem
Subject: Re: Skunk Glands
Summary: 1-butanethiol
Keywords: skunk odor, 1-butanethiol, PU :-)
Message-ID: <47...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 14 Mar 91 05:34:08 GMT
References: <1991Mar14.0...@massey.ac.nz>
Followup-To: sci.bio,sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 22
Xref: hsv3 sci.research:458 sci.psychology:1954 sci.bio:1949 sci.chem:2829
In article <1991Mar14.0...@massey.ac.nz> A.S.C...@massey.ac.nz (A.S. Chamove) writes:
>I am interested in making some SKUNK ODOUR.
>Does anyone know if this can be done, have a reference as to its
>composition, or had any experience in its manufacture?
1-butanethiol (n-butyl mercaptan) is a pretty close approximation to
skunk odor. It is a flammable liquid, and is available from laboratory
chemical suppliers.
For further "reality", add some 1,1-thiochlorobutene (dimethylallyl
sulfide). This substance may not be readily available and may require some
custom synthesis
>It is likely to be quite a complex compound and I am really interested in
>copying its aversive properties.
While the precise composition may be complex, skunk odor can be
well approximated using just the above two ingredients.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Article 3011 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ames!bionet!apple!usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Esters (the nose knows)
Summary: Fragrances are usually multiple esters plus other compounds
Keywords: esters, fruits, fragrances
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 6 Apr 91 05:13:04 GMT
References: <1991Apr4.0...@engage.enet.dec.com>
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 65
In article <1991Apr4.0...@engage.enet.dec.com> mor...@ramblr.enet.dec.com writes:
>Esters of simple alcohols and carboxylic acids tend to have fruity odors,
>>and often are what give fruits their aroma.
It's important to realize that the taste and fragrance associated
with fruits are not the result of any single ester, but are usually the
result of a combination of *many* esters, in addition to alcohols, ethers,
aldehyes, ketones, terpenes (especially), etc.
>For example, butyl acetate
>is the odor of bananas, octyl acetate is oranges, and ethyl butyrate is
>pineapples. Out of curiosity, what other fruit odors are from which simple
>esters?
Offhand, here are a few esters and some of the fruits in which
they are found. Bear in mind that in both natural and synthetically
created flavors and fragrances, these esters are *always* found in
combination with themselves and other substances. A complete list
is virtually endless!
allyl caproate pineapple
amyl acetate apple, banana
amyl butyrate apricot, pear, pineapple
amyl caproate apple, pineapple
amyl valerate apple
benzyl acetate pear, strawberry
bornyl acetate pine tree flavor :-)
iso-butyl acetate cherry, raspberry, strawberry
ethyl acetate peach, pineapple, raspberry
ethyl butyrate banana, pineapple, strawberry
ethyl caproate strawberry
ethyl cinnamate cinnamon
ethyl formate lemon, strawberry
ethyl heptoate grape, pineapple
ethyl isovalerate apple
ethyl heptanoate apricot, cherry, grape, raspberry
ethyl lactate grape
ethyl pelargonate grape
geranyl acetate geranium
geranyl butyrate cherry
geranyl valerate apple
linalyl acetate lavender, sage
linalyl butyrate peach
linalyl formate apple, peach
menthyl acetate peppermint
methyl benzyl acetate cherry
methyl cinnamate strawberry
methyl phenyl acetate honey
methyl salicylate root beer, wintergreen
methyl anthranilate grape, jasmine
nonyl caprylate orange
octyl butyrate parsnip
terpenyl butyrate cherry
>Do any esters have pleasant (to most people) fruity odors yet
>don't correspond to any known fruits?
The reason such esters may seem fruity yet not correspond to any
known fruit is that such esters do not appear *alone* in nature. Offhand,
the best example I can think of is methyl acetate, which (to me, at least)
appears "fruity", but yet corresponds to no one particular fruit odor.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Article 3024 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ames!rex!samsung!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Re: Esters (the nose knows)
Summary: Compounding flavorings
Keywords: flavorings, fragrances, compounding
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 8 Apr 91 04:16:41 GMT
References: <27...@uflorida.cis.ufl.EDU> <2685...@hpldsla.sid.hp.com>
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 43
In article <2685...@hpldsla.sid.hp.com> to...@hpldsla.sid.hp.com (Tony Arnerich) writes:
>The instructor in my first college chem course told us stories about his
>days as a food chemist, working on flavorings.
From what I have seen in my travels, development of formulations
for synthetic flavorings and fragrances is more "art" than "science".!
>He said that you can't get a really good strawberry flavor/odor unless
>you use about 50 components, but most commercial strawberry flavorings
>use about 5. This explains a lot about strawberry milkshakes.
A good cherry is supposed to be even tougher to formulate. Here
is an example of a *minimum* synthetic cherry flavoring:
ethyl methyl p-tolyl glycidate 16.0 %
iso-amyl acetate 12.0 %
iso-butyl acetate 12.0 %
p-methyl benzyl acetate 11.0 %
benzaldehyde 8.0 %
vanillin 7.0 %
benzyl alkcohol 5.5 %
piperonal 5.0 %
ethyl caprate 4.0 %
cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl acetal 3.0 %
p-tolyl aldehyde 3.0 %
cinnamyl anthranilate 3.0 %
ethyl caproate 2.0 %
geranyl butyrate 2.0 %
terpenyl butyrate 0.5 %
Sorta makes you wonder why someone decided to add the 0.5 %
terpenyl butyrate, don't it? :-)
>He also literally turned a lot of heads on the NY subways by coming home
>reeking of grapes in the middle of winter.
I have in the past accidentally spilled on myself concentrated
fragrances used in soaps and cosmetics; regardless of how much I scrubbed
and showered, it still required days for the odor to go away.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Article 3078 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ames!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Esters (the nose knows)
Summary: IUPAC names
Keywords: esters, fruits, fragrances
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 13 Apr 91 17:26:40 GMT
References: <1991Apr4.0...@engage.enet.dec.com> <48...@kitty.UUCP> <1991Apr12.2...@ucselx.sdsu.edu>
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 62
In article <1991Apr12.2...@ucselx.sdsu.edu> na...@ucselx.sdsu.edu (Shahid A. Naqvi --Hercules--) writes:
>Can somebody provide the IUPAC nomenclature for these esters. I know
>ethyl acetate is ethyl ethanoate [pear drops fragrance] but I am clueless
>about most of the ones listed. Come on guys, we don't live in medieval
>times anymore!! We are almost in the 21st century!
IUPAC is a great idea - if we could suddenly wake up one morning
and magically find that all present and past chemical literature has been
translated to IUPAC nomenclature, in addition to having our collective
chemical education so translated.
IUPAC is only very slowly being adopted by chemical industry and
commerce in the U.S. I would gladly attempt to learn and utilize more
IUPAC if only the people I deal with knew what I would be referring to!
>[Don't you think that the IUPAC was introduced to make life less miserable!]
There are times when I have my doubts. :-)
Okay, here's your "translation". I will not stake my life upon
the correctness of all translations, especially the cycloalkyls.
|>allyl caproate 2-propen-1-yl hexanoate
|>amyl acetate pentyl ethanoate
|>amyl butyrate pentyl butanoate
|>amyl caproate pentyl hexanoate
|>amyl valerate pentyl pentanoate
|>benzyl acetate benzyl ethanoate
|>bornyl acetate 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol ethanoate
|>iso-butyl acetate 2-methylpropyl ethanoate
|>ethyl acetate ethyl ethanoate
|>ethyl butyrate ethyl butanoate
|>ethyl caproate ethyl hexanoate
|>ethyl cinnamate ethyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate
|>ethyl formate ethyl methanoate
|>ethyl isovalerate ethyl 3-methylbutanoate
|>ethyl heptanoate ethyl heptanoate [How 'bout dat! :-) ]
|>ethyl lactate ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
|>ethyl pelargonate ethyl nonanoate
|>geranyl acetate 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-3-yl ethanoate
|>geranyl butyrate 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-3-yl butanoate
|>geranyl valerate 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-3-yl pentanoate
|>linalyl acetate 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl ethanoate
|>linalyl butyrate 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl butanoate
|>linalyl formate 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl methanoate
|>menthyl acetate 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol ethanoate
|>methyl benzyl acetate methylbenzene ethanoate
|>methyl cinnamate methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate
|>methyl phenyl acetate methylphenyl ethanoate
|>methyl salicylate methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
|>methyl anthranilate methyl 2-aminobenzoate
|>nonyl caprylate nonyl octanoate
|>octyl butyrate octyl butanoate
|>terpenyl butyrate 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ethanoate
After doing the above list, I now have a headache. I know there
are some white pills that I should take for it, but I can't recall their
IUPAC name... :-)
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Article 3087 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!ames!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Esters (the nose knows)
Summary: Coriander and coriandrol
Keywords: esters, fruits, fragrances
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 15 Apr 91 04:16:59 GMT
References: <1991Apr6.0...@ms.uky.edu> <53...@eastapps.East.Sun.COM> <1991Apr12.2...@chinet.chi.il.us>
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 39
In article <1991Apr12.2...@chinet.chi.il.us> s...@chinet.chi.il.us (Stephen Jacobs) writes:
>I checked the entry on
>Coriander leaf, and followed the references. The predominant flavor
>compound is 7-dodecenal. Other aldehydes in the C8-C12 range are important
>too.
That's interesting! I always knew about the terpene alcohol,
coriandrol (d-linalool or 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol) as being the
primary constituent of coriander oil. The linalools (d, l, and dl) have
rather pronounced odors and flavors.
I checked a few references, and they all agree on the above. They
add that the terpene, d-pinene (2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1.]hept-2-ene)
is also present in coriander. d-pinene also has a rather pronounced odor.
Could there possibly be a straight chain aldehyde (7-dodecenal)
present in coriander in enough quantitity to override the effects of
d-linalool and d-pinene?
>Other flavors with similar impact compounds are parsley, orange and
>violet leaf.
I certainly agree with the violet leaf, since such is the odor I
perceive from d-linalool.
>From the fact that these are VERY different from each other,
>it's safe to conclude that details of composition (ratios of high-impact
>compounds, presence of different low-impact compounds) are important in
>these high-aldehyde flavors.
They certainly are different!
I wonder if the explanation for the straight chain aldehydes
is that they are in the coriander leaf, as opposed to the coriander
fruit - with the latter being the source of coriander oil?
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Article 410 of sci.chem:
Path: v7fs1!vsi1!wyse!mips!apple!rutgers!sunybcs!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Nitrogen tri-iodide
Summary: Some real chemistry...
Keywords: pandammonium [sic], mayhem
Message-ID: <36...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 21 Jan 90 16:47:56 GMT
References: <52...@buengc.BU.EDU> <38...@mace.cc.purdue.edu> <34...@tahoe.unr.edu> <27...@sequent.UUCP>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 48
In article <27...@sequent.UUCP>, r...@sequent.UUCP (Robert Kelley) writes:
> We balanced the stoichiometry by noting a color change
> from reddish-brown to grayish-green. Is that sound?
No.
> Also, it seems that there may have been two different crystalline products
> produced, and perhaps a gas evolved.
> Where can I read about this?
On the Net, of course. :-)
Depending upon the stochiometry, temperature and pressure, more
than one product may result from the reaction between iodine and ammonium
hydroxide (aqueous ammonia).
At slightly above 20 deg C, with the proper stochiometry, the
reaction will produce nitrogen triiodide 1-ammonate (NI3.NH3)n, which are
black crystals comprised of zigzag chains of NI3 tetrahedra, with NH3
molecules lying between these chains and *linking them together*. This
configuration is known as an "ammonate".
At temperatures higher than 20 deg C, the above reaction will
produce nitrogen triodide 3-ammonate (NI3.3NH3)n.
Nitrogen triiodide n-ammonates where n is higher than 3 have
been identified.
The nitrogen triiodide ammonates are NOT stable in water, and
readily undergo hydrolysis. Under relatively neutral pH comditions,
nitrogen triiodide ammonates undergo hydrolysis to form hydrogen iodide
(HI) and nitrogen (III) trioxide (N2O3). Under alkaline pH conditions,
such hydrolysis yields ammonium hypoiodite and ammonia. Note that
the above hydrolysis produces gaseous products.
I can assure Net readers that the internal structures of the
nitrogen triiodide n-ammonates have been well studied using x-ray
crystallography, although the results may not be in the literature.
I helped a fellow PhD candidate conduct such a study somewhat over
20 years ago. Since we both had the same thesis adviser, who was not
known for either sense of humor or "adventuresome spirit", and since
our efforts placed some rather expensive analytical apparatus at some
considerable risk, we elected not to publish the results. :-)
<> Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. - Uniquex Corp. - Viatran Corp.
<> UUCP {boulder|decvax|rutgers|watmath}!acsu.buffalo.edu!kitty!larry
<> TEL 716/688-1231 | 716/773-1700 {hplabs|utzoo|uunet}!/ \uniquex!larry
<> FAX 716/741-9635 | 716/773-2488 "Have you hugged your cat today?"
Article 337 of sci.chem:
Path: v7fs1!vsi1!apple!rutgers!sunybcs!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem,misc.misc
Subject: Re: Silly (Putty?) Earplugs.
Summary: Utter nonsense about plastic explosives - from who else? Richard Sexton
Keywords: boom
Message-ID: <35...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 5 Jan 90 05:19:17 GMT
References: <24...@gryphon.COM>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 70
Xref: v7fs1 sci.chem:337 misc.misc:41
A plastic explosive is a mixture of a high-brisance crystalline
explosive with a curable or polyadditive plastic binder material such as a
polysulfide, polybutadiene, polyurethane, etc. Variations on plastic
explosives involve the addition of aluminum powder, or the use of binder
materials such as gelatin or petrolatum.
There are *hundreds* of plastic explosive compositions which have
seen use in the past 50 years. Typical explosives used in formulation of
plastic explosives are cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (more
commonly known as RDX or Hexogen), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine
(more commonly known as HMX or Octogen), and pentaerythrol tetranitrate
(PETN).
A commonly known military plastic explosive is C4, whose composition
is approximately 90% RDX and 10% polyisobutylene.
Article 1176 of sci.chem:
Path: hsv3!vsi1!apple!brutus.cs.uiuc.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Silly Putty
Summary: Actual formula for Silly Putty
Message-ID: <39...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 14 Aug 90 01:42:49 GMT
References: <831...@hplsla.HP.COM>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 25
In article <831...@hplsla.HP.COM>, nata...@hplsla.HP.COM (Natalie Schuchard) writes:
> About a year(?) ago a recipe for silly putty was posted, was
> that here? Can it be reposted or emailed to me?
I don't recall the specific article to which you refer, but I can
tell you the *exact* Silly Putty [tm] formula used for many years by its
manufacturer, Binney & Smith Co. This may not be the current formula
(see note below), but the following information was freely disclosed by
Binney & Smith to those persons and organizations dealing with poison
control and consumer product toxicology.
Dow-Corning silicone polymer 82.4% by weight
Boric oxide 4.5%
Lithopone white pigment (barium sulfate,
zinc sulfide and zinc oxide) 9.3%
Glycerine 1.7%
Ferric stearate 1.7%
Red iron oxide 0.2%
Oleic acid 0.2%
Due to potential toxicty, boric oxide may no longer be used.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
--
Caution: Thermostellar device. Mike Van Pelt
Handle with care. Headland Technology/Video 7
Do not expose to first-semester m...@hsv3.lsil.com
Philosophy students. ...ames!vsi1!hsv3!mvp
William
Here is one of Larry's postings that I saved....
From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Subject: Re: A Genuine Miracle?
Summary: Forensic science, soap, cosmetics, and dead bodies... :-)
Date: 14 Oct 90 20:48:47 GMT
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 46
In article <12...@manta.NOSC.MIL>, no...@manta.NOSC.MIL (Mark H. North) writes:
> [discussion about chemistry of human body preservation deleted]
>
> Larry,
> Didn't you tell us, over in sci.chem, some time back that your family
> are big time soap or cosmetic manufacturers or some such. How come you know
> so much about dead bodies?
Courtesy of Uncle Sam, thank you.
About twenty-some years ago I was afforded an opportunity to meet
a military obligation by using my background and education in chemistry
and electrical engineering to work for the Great Uncle in a capacity which
involved various areas of forensic science. Not only did it beat toting
an M14 through the jungle :-), but it caused me to to develop some initial
qualification and a lifelong interest in forensic science.
While it has its macabre moments, I have never regretted developing
interest and qualification in certain areas of forensic science. In fact,
as a direct result being a forensic science consultant to the Niagara County
(home of Niagara Falls) Sheriff's Department, in 1976 I met a certain woman
police officer - who would become my wife a year later.
> BTW, what is your brand name?
DL Hand Cleaner, Go-Jo Hand Cleaner, Derma-Pro, Purel, most of the
St. Ives line of soap and cosmetic products, etc. Actually, DL (located in
Buffalo, NY) is no longer family-owned, having been sold to Loctite earlier
this year.
Today, btw, I have no direct involvement with the above companies;
they are run by my relatives - who do their thing, while I do mine.
Now, to answer your burning question: To the best of my knowledge
the above products are not used on dead people. :-)
> Of course, if I am misremembering all apologies apply, etc, etc.
>
> Have a nice day.
That's okay, Mark. Feel free to bust my balls again anytime you may
desire... :-)
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
Mark North
>Here is one of Larry's postings that I saved....
Oh, wow! I was looking for this post after I heard Larry had died. Actually,
there was a series of exchanges on this topic. Before the following, Larry had
been describing how long dead bodies eventually turn into soap (after a couple
hundred years, I believe). Anyway, since I knew Larry had some connection with
the cosmetics industry a question arose in my mind...
>In article <12...@manta.NOSC.MIL>, no...@manta.NOSC.MIL (Mark H. North) writes:
>> [discussion about chemistry of human body preservation deleted]
>>
>> Larry,
>> Didn't you tell us, over in sci.chem, some time back that your family
>> are big time soap or cosmetic manufacturers or some such. How come you know
>> so much about dead bodies?
I probably should have put a smiley at the end of the question because, as
it turned out, Larry didn't see what I was driving at.
> [Larry's comments excised... Gawd I feel like a gravestone vandal doing
that ]
>> BTW, what is your brand name?
I desperately wanted to know what brand *not* to buy 8^).
> [brand names elided]
> Now, to answer your burning question: To the best of my knowledge
>the above products are not used on dead people. :-)
It was this comment that made me realise he had missed my point. Before I
had a chance to point out his misunderstanding a following post appeared
to the effect 'Larry, I think what Mark is driving at is not what you do
with the product but where you get it'.
>> Of course, if I am misremembering all apologies apply, etc, etc.
>>
>> Have a nice day.
The 'Have a nice day' is genuine here. I used to use that phrase before I
realised its true meaning.
> That's okay, Mark. Feel free to bust my balls again anytime you may
>desire... :-)
Over on sci.chem Larry and I had several tete-a-tetes. He won some and I won
some. Does anybody have the blue+yellow = green toilet water exchange?
>Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
>VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
>FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
Yes, Larry, I hugged my cat Atticus today he's sitting in my lap right now.
Bye.
Mark
P.S. I had to trim the newsgroups line 'cause I don't get them all. Maybe
somebody could forward this note to rec.pets or whatever it's called.
reyn...@cs.uri.edu
>bi...@lager.cisco.com (William ) writes:
>
>Oh, wow! I was looking for this post after I heard Larry had died.
Wait... In *real* memoriam?!? I've been following this thread very
peripherally for only a little while. I thought he had perhaps just finally
given up on all of us and moved to Rwanda or some other place with no
net.access.
He's actually deceased?!? Humm.. I'm almost afraid to ask, but of what
did he die, and when?
Mark Slagle
He's actually deceased?!? Humm.. I'm almost afraid to ask, but of what
did he die, and when?
----
Is he DL yet?
--
----
Mark E. Slagle PO Box 61059
sla...@lmsc.lockheed.com Sunnyvale, CA 94088
408-756-0895 USA
Marvin Minsky
I sent the following to several groups, but probably left out sci.bio.
I'm trying to collect all Larry's mailnotes, to assemble into a little
memorial volume for his family:
* * * * * * * *
Subject: In Memoriam: Larry Lippman
Message-ID: <1992Jan24....@news.media.mit.edu>
Sender: ne...@news.media.mit.edu (USENET News System)
Organization: MIT Media Laboratory
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 1992 04:43:38 GMT
Lines: 23
I regret to tell you that Larry Lippman suddenly passed away. (Heart
attack, no warning whatever.)
I never met him myself, but I tremendously appreciated his thoughts
and ideas on this network. It meant a lot to me -- and I'm sure to
hundreds of you, as well -- to feel that if I had any question at all,
about the most exotic chemical (or electronic) issues -- I would
always know a resource to try. Just type a little note, with no
effort, and get a wise reply the next day.
And then no words from him for such a long time that I could not
resist breaking the rules -- as in "True Names" -- of invading another
person's private life. His wife Cindy told me what had happened, and
that he was only 42, and went to college at the age of 12 (as you
might have guessed) and a few things like that.
It isn't fair.
Marvin Minsky
Mark Robert Thorson
of wisdom I might have saved from the lips of the Lippman. I found the
original posts from which we all learned the truth about the soap biz:
11/23/89 11:38 123/6781 la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
In article <24...@cup.portal.com>, m...@cup.portal.com (Mark Robert Thorson) writes:
> I was in the store a few days ago looking for a new bottle of shampoo.
> Reading the label, I was surprised to see it contained hydrolysed animal
> protein. Protein is a big, stupid fad in shampoos. Somehow, people have
> gotten the idea that because hair is made of protein, that it is good for
> the hair to put protein on it. This is false, totally false.
While the marketing of shampoos and "hair conditioners" containing
a-keratins, collagen, casein, etc. is largely based upon hype, there is
some factual basis for the use of these ingredients in "conditioning"
and "stabilizing" the structure of hair. So the point is, there is a
"grain of truth" for the inclusion of these substances in hair preparations.
However, the actual *quantity* of these ingredients included in the
product is usually far less than that which is required for any efficacy.
If one examines the wording on a typical product label, there is usually
never any claim as to the quantity of the ingredient - only an ambiguous
statement like "Contains Keratin".
The deception is NOT that the special ingredient has no efficacy,
but that the quantity contained within the product is insufficient for any
reasonable degree of efficacy. My use of the word "deception" above may
be somewhat harsh, but such is the simple truth of much consumer product
marketing.
Why not include an *effective* quantity of a substance such as
a-keratin? Two reasons:
1. These "special ingredients" are very expensive when compared to
the basic ingredients in say, a shampoo. The base formulation
for a typical shampoo contains such ingredients as: one or more
surfactants (ammonium lauryl sulfate, lauramide diethanolamine,
etc.); a softener (polyethylene glycol); an emulsifier (hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose); a detergent "enhancer" (citric acid); a foam
inhibitor (sodium chloride); a pH adjusting agent (phosphoric acid);
antibacterial and antifungal agents (methychloroisothiazolinone
and methyl para-hydroxybenzoate); fragance; FDA-approved dye; and
deionized water.
The above ingredients may be used to produce a reasonably effective
shampoo having a typical formulation cost of between 10 and 15 cents
per pound (if this sounds low, don't forget water is still the primary
constituent). Adding enough a-keratin to be truly effective increases
formulation cost by an order of magnitude. Adding enough a-keratin
to satisfy the FDA and FTC with respect to "truth in labeling" costs
only a few cents.
2. Cost issues notwithstanding, adding *effective* quantities of an
ingredient such as a-keratin creates some significant product
formulation problems with respect to undesired reactivity with the
surfactants, overall product stability, product "appearance" and
product "feel".
I'll tell y'all a little "inside" story about consumer product
formulation and marketing which underscores the above. I don't usually post
personal details to the Net, but I'll make an exception here.
During the 1950's and 1960's my late father ran a family-owned
business which produced various soap and chemical specialty products. The
most notable product (with which some Net readers may be familiar) is a
water-waterless hand cleaner known as "DL". Revealed to the world for the
first time is the fact that "DL" was the initials of David Lippman. :-)
When I was growing up during these years I spent many saturdays and
school vacation days at my father's plant in Buffalo, NY learning about the
soap and cosmetic industry. When I was in high school, at various times I
actually ran the process equipment and formulated soap in 5,000 pound
batches.
During the 1950's and 1960's "DL" (and many other soap products
of the era) were advertised as containing lanolin and hexachlorophene, with
lanolin being touted as a skin conditioner and hexachlorophene being touted
for its germicidal capability. Of course, today, the use of hexachlorophene
is taboo, and the use of lanolin is no longer common.
During the above years "DL" containers had a prominent label stating
that the product was "Fortified with Lanolin and Hexachlorophene"; however,
this label said *nothing* about quantity or efficacy of these ingredients.
In a typical year when I was in high school, say, 1960, "DL" production was
probably around 4 million pounds per year. As I recall, there was a 5-pound
fiber container of hexachlorophene which lasted for almost *one year*. The
hexachlorophene for each batch was so little that it was weighed on a piece
of filter paper and then dumped into a 1,000-gallon "oil-phase" mix tank.
Slightly more lanolin was used; a *single* heated 55-gallon drum (lanolin is
extremely viscous) supplied all of the lanolin necessary for at least six
month's of production. Some simple arithmetic reveals that the percentage
composition of 500 pounds of lanolin in 2,000,000 pounds of product is
not very much.
As one can see from the above example, the product was *truthfully*
advertised as containing lanolin and hexachlorophene, and these ingredients
were in fact formulated into the product. However, no representation was
made as to the included quantity of these ingredients; the amount added was
large enough so as to be immune from any allegation of misrepresentation,
but nevertheless was small enough that no significant cost was added to the
product, and that quite frankly no significant benefit could be derived,
either.
The above firsthand experience from many years ago serves to
illustrate what still takes place today in many types of consumer soap
and cosmetic products.
> The only
> way that protein could benefit your hair would be if you drink the shampoo.
Not true; there is some benefit from application of proteins,
although in reality there is usually not be enough protein ingredient in a
product to have any significant effect.
> So, I'm wondering what source of protein they use? "Hydrolysed animal
> protein" could be leather scraps, fish tails, dried earwigs, or the brains
> of scrapie-infected sheep!
Animal hair, feathers, hooves and outer skin layers are comprised
of more than 95% a-keratins. Tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bone marrow
contain large quantities of collagen. Hydrolysis of such collagen results
in the formation of gelatin. Remember that the next time you eat a gelatin
dessert, you are probably eating a dead horse. Really. :-)
<> Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. - Uniquex Corp. - Viatran Corp.
<> UUCP {allegra|boulder|decvax|rutgers|watmath}!sunybcs!kitty!larry
<> TEL 716/688-1231 | 716/773-1700 {hplabs|utzoo|uunet}!/ \uniquex!larry
<> FAX 716/741-9635 | 716/773-2488 "Have you hugged your cat today?"
1244.3.3803.4 Re: Protein in Shampoo, What Is It ??? (really PRIONS)
11/26/89 20:07 58/3186 la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
In article <24...@cup.portal.com>, m...@cup.portal.com (Mark Robert Thorson) writes:
> I would also like to know where the fat used to make soap comes from?
I see where your question is leading, and I would like to immediately
point out that a significant number of soaps are produced with fats and
fatty acids which are derived from plants and NOT ANIMALS.
Surfactants made from coconut oil, as an example, are very popular
these days; typical surfactants are lauramide diethanolamime (DEA) and
lauryl ammonium sulfate (look at the ingredient listing on a shampoo bottle,
and chances are you will see one or both of the above surfactants). Other
common fatty acids of plant origin are palmitic acid (palm trees), myristic
acid (coconut and vegetables), linoleic acid (linseed, safflower and pine
trees), abietic acid (pine trees), etc.
Stearic acid and oleic acid are the most common fatty acids used
in soap manufacture which are animal in origin. Not surprisingly, one of
the largest producers of stearic acid and oleic acid is Armour & Company.
> The brain is a fatty organ, is fat ever recovered from it for use in soap?
It's possible, but the percentage of fat recovered from animal
brains is miniscule.
Animal fat and fatty acids are extracted in a multi-stage process.
The first step consists of boiling skin, bones, feet, and non-edible internal
organs (offal) for about 10 hours in a closed vessel. This boiling process
is called "rendering". The fat floats to the top of the vessel where it
is skimmed off. The skimmed fat is then filtered and heated in a closed
vessel for about another 10 hours at 250 deg F. The resultant oil is
drawn off, filtered, and then stored at around 34 deg F for about two
weeks. This last process is called "graining". The resultant oil is
then filtered and further processed to form fatty acids, or cooking and
other oils through such processes as hydrogenation, interesterification and
isomerization.
> I can just imagine a pile of dried brains from scrapie-infected sheep
> being crushed in a giant press to squeeze the fat out to make soap for people,
> and the brain meal then being sent back to the sheep farm as animal food.
I have had the distinct displeasure of being in two different
rendering plants in past years. If you had any conception of the process
from raw animal fat "input" to extracted fatty acid "output", you would
understand that there is NO WAY that any microorganism, or even the
structure of a non-living microorganism could survive the associated
chemical and mechanical processes.
> I certainly don't like the idea of smearing prions all over my body every
> time I take a shower. Maybe this is how people catch Creutzfeld-Jakob,
> a disease so rare (about one case per million population) that contact
> infection can be ruled out.
Please. This is utter nonsense. End of discussion.
<> Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. - Uniquex Corp. - Viatran Corp.
<> UUCP {allegra|boulder|decvax|rutgers|watmath}!sunybcs!kitty!larry
<> TEL 716/688-1231 | 716/773-1700 {hplabs|utzoo|uunet}!/ \uniquex!larry
<> FAX 716/741-9635 | 716/773-2488 "Have you hugged your cat today?"
mark s gilstrap
I'm afraid that a crash of my mailer and corruption of some
files made it difficult to extract most of what I saved from
the wisdom of Larry Lippman. However, here are a few things
I could extract quickly. I will try to edit the corrupt folders
and come up with more - from rec.pets, rec.radio.shortwave, sci.
electronics, and even rec.gardens.
When I first posted my "here kitty, kitty" question of what
happened to Larry, "was he laid-off and lost net access?" I
received the response: "Nah, he's just probably really busy
and doesn't have time to respond here. Most likely he owns
the company he works with." (paraphrased)
Since he wasn't posting anymore, I sort of fell away from the
sci.chem group. (I'm a chemist, but it was mainly his imsight
that I found interesting here). I peeked back in the other day
and was shocked by the news of his repose. I will miss him.
May the Lord have mercy,
Father Mark Gilstrap
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Subject: Re: non-Dairy food products
Summary: Manufacture of casein
Keywords: casein, manufacture, origin
Message-ID: <46...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 9 Feb 91 05:11:44 GMT
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
In article <1991Feb5.1...@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu> for...@aries.scs.uiuc.edu
(Jeff Forbes) writes..in article...anachem asks:
>> What are the sources of casein and the caseinates
>> which are constituents of non-dairy food products?
Skim milk.
>> Is spoiled milk the major (or only?) source?
Casein is primarily obtained from "fresh" milk, although a small
amount is recovered from outdated dairy products. Larger fluid milk
plants have machines which automatically slit open and drain milk from
outdated milk cartons as removed from store shelves. Such recovered milk
is then sold to firms that extract casein and other products.
>> If so how can it be called non-dairy?
Casein is a protein, and as such is a condensation product of
amino acids which are connected through the amide (peptide) bond -CONH-.
There are different forms of casein containing various combinations of
amino acids.
I suppose it can be argued that once casein is extracted from milk
and is purified as a purely chemical product, it has lost its relationship
to milk and cows - and is therefore "non-dairy". However, I'm not saying
that *I* espouse this explanation, and I'm not suggesting that *you* believe
it, either.
>> And ...is it natural?
>> or is it non-dairy because its synthetic?
No matter how I attempt to answer these questions, I'm going to
be wrong - so I'll pass! :-)
>Casein is indeed made from milk by acidification. I guess that it can be used
>in "non-dairy" products, since it is fat free. One interesting fact is that
>almost all of the casein used in this country is imported.
There is a rather interesting explanation for casein being imported
from such countries as New Zealand, Austrialia and Argentina - as opposed
to being produced in the U.S. Due to USDA price support policies, it has
historically been economically advantageous for skim milk in the U.S. not
destined for direct consumption to be dried and processed into non-fat milk
powder - as opposed to being processed into casein. Therefore, it is far
more economical to import casein from other countries that are rich in
milk production. Also, production equipment for casein is simpler and less
expensive that spray drying production equipment for powdered milk, making
it more attractive for less industrialized countries to produce casein than
powdered milk.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Gelled Alcohol
Summary: Some formulation details
In article <2685...@hpldsla.sid.hp.com> to...@hpldsla.sid.hp.com (Tony Arnerich) writes:
>> I have a friend who came from work at a nursing home this summer with a
>> squeeze bottle of gelled isopropyl alcohol.
>> It feels like "slime," (the toy stuff) and will remain gelled for a
>> few seconds before evaporating in your hand.
>
>Pretty amazing. Is there any chance that there is another ingredient that
>soaks into your hand? It doesn't necessarily have to evaporate to "disappear".
In the case of lower m.w. alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol,
there is a 100% chance that another ingredient is present. :-)
The technique of gelling alcohols with a suitable hydrocolloid as
a gel-forming agent has been known for some time, but it has only been in
the past several years that such products have become popular. Since the
percentage composition of the hydrocolloid and any other non-alcohol
ingredients is well under 1%, and since such ingredients are comparatively
inert and readily absorbed by the skin, there is no *noticeable* residue.
It is more common for these alcohol gels to use ethanol instead
of isopropanol, however, since ethanol produces a thicker and more stable
gel. Did the product mentioned in the original article specifically state
on the container that it contained isopropanol?
Two common hydrocolloids used in alcohol gel formulation are the
Carbopol-series and the Polysorbate-series. Carbopol, which is a tradename
of B. F. Goodrich, is a water-soluble carboxyvinyl polymer, with a specific
product example useful for alcohol gels being Carbopol 940. Polysorbate is
a polyethyleneoxide fatty acid ester, with a specific product example useful
for alcohol gels being Polysorbate 80.
For any reader wishing to try their had at making an alcohol gel,
a simple working formula is:
Carbopol 940 0.3 %
triethanolamine 0.4 % (needed for pH and stability control)
ethanol 25.0 %
water qs
An example of an alcohol gel product is Purel [tm], which was
introduced to the institutional market about four years ago by Go-Jo
Industries. Purel is totally transparent, and is characterized by
bubbles of entrained air. The bubbles develop during the mixing process.
I once asked "why not remove the air bubbles?", which would be easy
enough to do, and was informed that customers prefer the appearance
with the bubbles. I would never have guessed that - which just goes to
show why I don't do marketing and sales! :-)
>> Its use is as a cleanser for when there is no water/soap to be had.
These products are primarily aimed at the health care marketplace
to reduce the possibility of cross-infection between patients.
>> Local chemists have asked me if it leaves a residue, to which I responded,
>> "No."
>
>Were you lying?
That depends... :-)
>> My question is: how is this done? A surfactant?
>
>This seems unlikely, as that would leave yucky scummy slime. Surfactants are
>rarely volatile (maybe that's the breakthrough that makes this possible).
The use of Polysorbate 80 fits the definition of a surfactant better
than Carbopol 940. A small enough quantity of a non-ionic surfactant, such
as Polysorbate 80, is relatively inert and is readily absorbed by the skin.
There is no issue of surfactant volatility, however.
>Let's hear more about this. What is the brand name/product name? Do some
>more experiments, like leaving some on a clean piece of glass and warming
>it gently. Smell it - is it *just* like isopropyl alcohol, or is it subtly
>different? Look closely at it in the gel state - is it cloudy or clear?
I'd be interested in hearing about what other readers discover.
As a closing comment, alcohol gels have been used for quite some
years as a vehicle for other ingredients in some soap and cosmetic products.
The most common example is "Edge" shaving gel, which contains ethanol.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
+++++++++++++++++++++
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Glow-in-the-dark chemicals/mixtures
Summary: Phosphorescence and chemiluminescence
Keywords: phosphorescence, chemiluminescence
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 26 Mar 91 04:25:03 GMT
In article <16034.2...@levels.sait.edu.au> yaa...@levels.sait.edu.au writes:
>What are the chemicals used to create "glow-in-the dark" products?
>The kind that you expose to a light source to charge them up and then they
>emit a green glow for a while, but not really bright enough to be useful
>as a light source.
You are referring to phosphors (the material) and phosphorescence
(the characteristic). The useful lifetime of such phosphorescence for
paints is on the order of hours.
Most phosphorescent paints use inorganic crystal phosphors,
which are usually mixtures of metallic sulfides and/or oxides. Other
metals, such as bismuth and copper, may be added as "activators".
A typical green phosphor found in "luminous paint" is a mixture of
zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide. The resultant emission spectrum shifts
toward longer wavelengths as the percentage of cadmium sulfide in the
mixture is increased. Persistence (i.e., phosphorescence lifetime) of
such mixtures range from 1 to 10 hours.
A typical blue phosphor found in luminous paint is a mixture of
calcium sulfide and strontium sulfide. Persistence may be as long as 12
hours.
In general, as the emission wavelength of a phosphor increases
(i.e., shifts toward red), persistence decreases. While yellow and red
phosphors exist, they are not common because of the short persistence.
Cadmium sulfide, in fact, has emission energy in the near-IR region.
>Also, does anybody know why they only seem to come in green...I have never
>seen red or blue or....etc
See above reason for lack of persistence at red wavelengths.
Blue pigments are not as common as green since the human eye is much more
sensitive to green wavelengths.
>The other kind of luminous stuff is in light sticks. (A plastic tube
>containing two chemicals - one in a glass vial - which you have to
>bend to break the glass and shake.) The resulting chemical reaction
>emits a very bright glow for ~2-3 hrs. I have seen these in green and blue.
You are probably referring to the chemiluminescent lightsticks
manufactureed by American Cyanamid under the tradename "Cyalume". While
I don't know the exact ingredients in the Cyalume product, I can give
you a clue.
Chemiluminescence is exhibited by many cyclic hydrazides when such
are oxidized in the presence of a strong base. The resultant light is
emitted due to excitation of the amino-phthalate dianion. The most
common example of a suitable cyclic hydrazide is o-aminophthalylhydrazide
(I'll pass on the IUPAC for the moment), better known as luminol.
The luminol loses the hydrogens from the hydrazide groups due to
the -OH radicals from the strong base. The oxidizing agent knocks out
the nitrogens (liberating elemental nitrogen), destroying that ring, and
creating the amino-phthalate dianion.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
+++++++++++++++++++
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Esters (the nose knows)
Summary: Reference data sources & coriander constituents
Keywords: esters, fruits, fragrances
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 12 Apr 91 04:35:52 GMT
In article <53...@eastapps.East.Sun.COM> gste...@east.sun.com (Geoff Steckel - Sun BOS Hardware CONTRACTOR) writes:
>Where would I look for references on the composition of flavors or essences?
>The Merck manual has a tantalizing glimpse of this fascinating subject, but
>it only mentions flavorings in passing. Is there a Journal of Savory Smells,
>Archives of Abstracts of Essences, or equivalent?
For contemporary textbooks you might consider: "Source Book of
Flavors", "Flavor Chemistry and Technology", "Common Flavor and Fragrance
Materials", etc. There are also various older textbooks which contain a
wealth of information.
For periodicals you might consider: "Perfumer & Flavorist", "Flavour
& Fragrance Journal", "Flavouring Ingredients Processing & Packaging", etc.
In addition, various manufacturers of flavors and fragrances, such
as Norda, publish application literature giving details about composition
of flavors and fragrances.
>Does anyone know what the heck the extremely volatile odor/flavor components
>of coriander leaves are? Not the seeds, which have a different flavor.
Coriander contains d-linalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol)
and d-pinene. These constituents are found in coriander *fruit*; I cannot
speak with certainty about the seeds. Linalool is also found in oranges,
cinnamon, sassafras and other plants. Pinene is also the major constituent
of turpentine (blech!).
>I'd settle for a reliable extraction procedure so I could extract 10Kg of
>cilantro in late summer when it's available, strong, and cheap....
I would guess that steam distillation of coriander fruit is used
to obtain coriander oil. You could probably use a filter press, which
would be easier to construct, although it would not be as efficient as
direct steam distillation. The oil resulting from filter pressing could
then be refined with conventional fractional distillation.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
++++++++++++++++++++
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: anodizing
Summary: Anodic oxidation of aluminum
Keywords: anodizing, aluminum
Message-ID: <49...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 25 Apr 91 21:28:49 GMT
In article <12...@qisoff.phx.mcd.mot.com> hb...@citek.mcdphx.mot.com writes:
>What is the process used to anodize aluminium? I presume it's like plating
>but what are the chemicals involved?
Well, it's sort of like electroplating - but the work is the anode
instead of the cathode. Anodizing involves the conversion of the surface
of an aluminum object to an oxide. The oxygen for the oxidation results
from electrolytic dissociation of the water in the plating bath. Most
anodizing is conducted in steel tanks, with the tank itself being the
cathode.
A common electrolyte used in anodizing is chromic acid, which is
eventually depleted not through plating out of chromium ions, but through
neutralization caused by some aluminum oxide going into solution. Sulfuric
acid and oxalic acid are also used as electrolytes for anodizing.
It is important to realize that the resultant aluminum oxide is
*harder* than the native aluminum, and therefore surface hardening is an
important benefit of anodizing. Unlike conventional electroplating,
an effective anodized surface layer is much thinner - usually less than
0.001 inch. Anodizing has fewer implications for dimensional changes
in an object than electroplating.
>What makes the color? I've seen red, blue, gold, black and clear anodizing.
>Are there other colors?
Colorized anodizing is accomplished through two methods. The first
utilizes precipitation of inorganic pigments; examples are lead sulfide for
black, lead chromate for yellow, and ferric ferrocyanide for blue. The
second method uses an organic dye bath treatment with the color resulting
from the dye incorporated with the oxide film; examples are napthol green
for yellow-green, azo rubine for red, and nigrosine for black.
>Why wouldn't I want to do this on a VERY small scale in my backyard?
The primarily hazard in any DIY anodizing is the use of chromic
acid.
Anodizing is not difficult to perform, but it does require some
"finesse" (meaning experience) for a presentable job. Cleaning of the
work is extremely important for good anodizing. A chemical pretreatment
may be necessary for some aluminum alloys, especially those containing
silicon.
>(I need several small parts anodized blue and the minimum charge
> is quite expensive around Phoenix. I would think I could do it
> myself with a suitable apparatus. )
While the technique of anodizing is not difficult to master, for
a one-time requirement, it is probably not worth the effort and expense to
get set up for it. Your only major expense item, however, is a variable
DC power supply that can go up to 50 volts. Anodizing voltage are generally
much higher than electroplating voltages.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc,sci.electronics
Subject: Re: How to measure/detect X-ray (cheap)?
Summary: Film versus TLD dosimetry
Keywords: personal dosimetry, film, TLD
Message-ID: <49...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 2 May 91 02:02:22 GMT
In article <1991May1.1...@swbatl.sbc.com> k...@swbatl.sbc.com (Ken Gianino 5-9081) writes:
>>I would not trust film badge dosimeters. My wife works for a vet and
>>they use film badge dosimeters in their x-ray room. One of her co-workers
>>decieded to "test" the dosimeter by giving it a full dose of x-rays
>
> Does anyone still use film badges?
Sure!
> I thought the whole industry switched
> over to thermoluminescent dosimeters years ago. They look like film badges.
Film badges, which typically use the dual-emulsion Kodak Type 2
Personal Monitoring Film, are useful for estimating the energy distribution
of absorbed radiation since they generally mask the film with four filter
quadrants. Film badge operation and processing cost is also somewhat less
than that of TLD.
ICN Biomedical, Inc., which processes film badge dosimeters for
my organization, does a brisk business in film badges, although they also
offer TLD dosimeters.
> Maybe I'm wrong and just the nuclear power industry switched to TLD's for
> Gamma dose.
I can't speak about the nuclear power industry, but in my travels
in industry and government where radionuclides are used for analytical
chemistry purposes, I see film badges almost exclusively rather than TLD.
TLD might be particularly useful in the nuclear power industry
since it also detects neutron energy, whereas film badges are not suited
for neutron measurement.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Joe Keane
about gelatin, thickeners, K-Y jelly, and IUPAC nomenclature. I think they
are characteristic of his style. I wish i had saved more.
--
Joe Keane, amateur mathematician
j...@osc.com (uunet!amdcad!osc!jgk)
----------------------------------------------------------------
From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.med,misc.consumers,sci.chem
Subject: Re: Dead Horse in Gelatin (was Re: Protein in Shampoo, What Is It ???)
Summary: All gelatin is derived from animal products
Message-ID: <35...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 2 Dec 89 05:27:37 GMT
References: <35...@kitty.UUCP> <8...@dsacg2.UUCP> <7...@odin.cs.hw.ac.uk>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 52
In article <7...@odin.cs.hw.ac.uk>, ra...@cs.hw.ac.uk (Z. Raza Hussain) writes:
> >> in the formation of gelatin. Remember that the next time you eat a gelatin
> >> dessert, you are probably eating a dead horse. Really. :-)
>
> isn't it true that gelatin (or is it gelatine, any difference?) is
> made out of synthetics or something artificial nowadays ???
Nope. There are four generally recognized grades of gelatin (edible,
technical, photographic and pharmaceutical), ALL of which are extracted from
animal products, most commonly skin, bones and "fleshings".
Manufacture of gelatin is a multi-stage process, briefly described
as follows in an example which uses bones as the raw material:
1. Bones are are first degreased by heating with steam or through the
use of petroleum naptha as a solvent.
2. The degreased bones are then crushed.
3. The bones are then addded to a tank containing water and lime, and
are heated to about 70 deg C for an hour or so.
4. The bones are then treated with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid
which dissolves calcium carbonate, calcium phophate and other
mineral matter, thereby leaving the organic matter. This material
is now called ossein.
5. The ossein is then soaked in vats with calcium hydroxide, which
removes soluble proteins, such as mucin and albumin.
6. The resultant material is then washed with slighly acidulated
water to adjust the pH for optimum hydrolysis.
7. The resultant material is then hydrolized with dilute acid
solution to form gelatin in a repeated series of extractions
beginning at about 60 deg C and ending at about 100 deg C.
8. The gelatin may be bleached with hydrogen peroxide or sulfur
dioxide during these extraction stages.
9. The resultant gelatin is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
Ain't no other practicable way to make gelatin. While my original
remark about the dead horse was intended as humor, it is far more truth than
fiction. From what I observed, the two rendering plants I have seen over
the years weren't too careful about segregating their, uh, raw material.
As one crusty plant engineer said to me, "Bones is bones". :-)
<> Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. - Uniquex Corp. - Viatran Corp.
<> UUCP {allegra|boulder|decvax|rutgers|watmath}!sunybcs!kitty!larry
<> TEL 716/688-1231 | 716/773-1700 {hplabs|utzoo|uunet}!/ \uniquex!larry
<> FAX 716/741-9635 | 716/773-2488 "Have you hugged your cat today?"
----------------------------------------------------------------
From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: looking for thick liquids
Summary: Hydrophilic colloids & DIY fast food restaurant milk shakes...
Message-ID: <42...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 27 Dec 90 04:05:23 GMT
References: <1990Dec26....@ultra.com>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 38
In article <1990Dec26....@ultra.com>, b...@ultra.com (Bob Beach) writes:
> I am looking for a means of creating a very thick liquid. Ideally it
> should be clear, non toxic, not corrosive, and reasonably cheap to make.
> I would like to be able to create varying degrees of "thickness".
You did not state the application, so I can't recommend any one
agent over another, but I will give you some general suggestions based
upon thickening agents used as food additives. Such thickening agents
will obviously meet the conditions of being non-toxic and non-corrosive.
Consider using the following, all of which form hydrophilic colloids:
1. Agar - a polysaccharide mixture of agarose and agaropectin derived
from algae
2. Arabic gum - carbohydrate polymer derived from acacia plants
3. Bentonite - a colloidal clay largely comprised of aluminum silicate;
this is indeed an FDA-approved food additive - scary, huh? :-)
4. Carrageenan - a polysaccharide derived from seaweed
5. Methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose - cellulose derivatives
6. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) - a relatively inert condensation polymer
of ethylene glycol
7. Xanthan gum - a synthetic carbohydrate polymer, similar to natural
gums
There are various other agents, including numerous variations of
the above substances (e.g., ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, sodium
alginate, etc.).
The hydrophilic colloidal properties of some of the above substances
are amazing. Some years ago, I used to do a "party trick" that involved a
parody of a fast food restaurant milk shake. I would take 12 ounces of
water, add a tablespoon of milk, a tablespoon of chocolate syrup and a
tablespoon of xanthan gum. Mixed in a blender for a few minutes, the
result was virtually indistinguishable from a typical McShake. So much
for the "milk" in "milk shake"... :-)
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
----------------------------------------------------------------
From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: looking for thick liquids
Summary: Everything you ever wanted to know about chemistry of K-Y Jelly :-)
Keywords: viscosity,drag reducer,CMC
Message-ID: <42...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 28 Dec 90 04:59:08 GMT
References: <1990Dec26....@ultra.com> <1990Dec27.1...@kodak.kodak.com>
Distribution: usa
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 45
In article <1990Dec27.1...@kodak.kodak.com>, orn...@kodak.kodak.com (Barry Ornitz) writes:
> One simple material would be sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
> ...
> BTW, an already mixed solution of CMC in water is sold as KY Jelly.
K-Y Jelly also contains sodium alginate and a small quantity of
EDTA. The EDTA is used to sequester calcium ion impurities in the sodium
alginate, with the effect of such calcium ions being undesirable high
viscosity when the product is at lower temperatures. Don't ask about
the "lower temperatures" - I never did get an answer to that question,
and that's simply the way the product is (or was at one time) formulated.
Sodium alginate is an anionic substance which forms aqueous
dispersions that are pH neutral. The sodium alginate and the CMC appear
to have a synergistic effect upon each other which results in a stable
and relatively inert lubricant.
I suppose some readers may be wondering how I know so much about
the *precise* chemical composition of K-Y Jelly... :-)
It seems that I once had the dubious experience of performing a
forensic chemical examination of what appeared to be traces of lubricant
on the clothing and perineum of an assault victim, and comparing same
with a tube of K-Y Jelly found in a search of a suspect's residence.
Johnson & Johnson, the manufacturer of K-Y Jelly, was cooperative in
providing chemical formulation data on this product. The essential presence
of K-Y Jelly on the victim was ascertained through IR spectroscopy. The
interesting part was that flame photometric determination (no AA was available
at the time) of sodium and calcium concentration from the victim's specimen
correlated almost exactly with the concentrations taken from the sample
seized from the suspect. With some help from J&J, it was learned that
enough sodium and calcium differences existed due to lot variation such
that based upon the above analysis one could state with reasonable certainty
that the K-Y specimen from the victim was consistent with the K-Y taken
from the suspect. At least it did not appear possible for the defense to
prove that the samples were *not* consistent. Fortunately, or unfortunately
as it may have been, I never had the opportunity to present this evidence
in court since the suspect plead to a lesser charge.
After the above experience, how could I ever forget the composition
of K-Y Jelly as long as I live? :-)
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
----------------------------------------------------------------
From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Esters (the nose knows)
Summary: IUPAC names
Keywords: esters, fruits, fragrances
Message-ID: <48...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 13 Apr 91 17:26:40 GMT
References: <1991Apr4.0...@engage.enet.dec.com> <48...@kitty.UUCP> <1991Apr12.2...@ucselx.sdsu.edu>
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 62
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 [note: ub=acsu.buffalo.edu] uunet!/ \aerion!larry
Ben Feen
because I posted a message about nitrogen triiodide to sci.chem.
Nice guy, that Larry.
--
Mail wh...@ddsw1.mcs.com. | Whos at ddsw1? | Yes! | What? | No, whos! | Huh? |
Who? | Who what? | No, wh...@ddsw1.mcs.com! | Where? | DDSW1! | Who's there?|
Right! | Right? | Yes! | Oh, ri...@ddsw1.mcs.com? | No, WH...@ddsw1.mcs.com! |
That's what I wanna find out! | What? | Who! | He's at ddsw1! | AAAAAAAAAGH!|
Blair P. Houghton
>Ya know, Larry once recommended to my sysadmin that I be kicked off the system
>because I posted a message about nitrogen triiodide to sci.chem.
Was it in the FAQ?
>Nice guy, that Larry.
--Blair
"If it isn't, it should be."
Dave Turner
From pacbell!att!occrsh!uokmax!apple!usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry Wed Sep 12 13:50:28 PDT 1990
Article 15159 of sci.electronics:
Path: ptsfa!pacbell!att!occrsh!uokmax!apple!usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!kitty!larry
>From: la...@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Submarine cables (was Re: Ridiculous Impedance)
Summary: Reliability of Vacuum Tubes vs Transistors
Message-ID: <40...@kitty.UUCP>
Date: 12 Sep 90 03:12:59 GMT
References: <14...@gold.GVG.TEK.COM> <19...@otc.otca.oz> <53...@ptsfa.PacBell.COM>
Organization: Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, NY
Lines: 54
In article <53...@ptsfa.PacBell.COM>, d...@PacBell.COM (Dave Turner) writes:
> I found this article in a May, 1963 issue of Radio-Electronics about
> the amplifiers in submarine telephone cables. I have posted it without
> permission.
That article is a great summary!
> So Western Electric
> engineers made every effort to assure that the equipment will function
> reliably for at least 20 years. The tubes (W-E 455's) alone go through
> a process of aging and testing for nine months, during which time each
> tube is tested some 2,900 times.
While the first undersea repeaters for TAT-1 in 1956 used vacuum
tubes, isn't it interesting that *seven* years later Western Electric
*still* considered vacuum tubes more reliable than transistors for
submarine cable repeater use?
My perception of an answer to this question is that many of the
semiconductor manufacturing problems leading to eventual device failure
were not recognized until the early 1960's. By this time advances in
analytical instrumentation made possible the identification of chemical
impurities in semiconductor material and dopants, with such information
being used to create materials of greater purity. Also by this time
improved process control and manufacturing apparatus facilitated the
fabrication of semiconductors having greater reliabilty, uniformity
and predictability.
A 1960 semiconductor manufacturing plant was *vastly* different
from anything we might encounter today. I can vividly recall such
changes. General Electric operated a transistor manufacturing plant
on Fillmore Avenue in Buffalo, NY from the early 1950's until 1971,
when it was closed. I had a complete tour through that plant at the
time it closed. There was not a "clean room" area in the entire
facility (which originally manufactured light bulbs, btw). The analytical
lab had nothing better than a photographic emission spectrograph, and
couldn't possibly identify impurities at ppm levels. Most of the
production test apparatus used *vacuum tubes*. Even the curve tracers,
such as those made by Baird Atomic and (I believe) AEL used *vacuum
tubes*! By present standards, this manufacturing plant was a pit
(of course, this explains why General Electric, to their credit,
closed it in 1971).
The point of the above is that this typified an early 1960's
era semiconductor manufacturing plant. The theory was that if one
manufactured a large enough quantity of devices, *some* of them were
bound to function in an acceptable manner. Of course, to some extent
the semiconductor industry operates the same way today on an "acceptable
yield" basis, but now we are dealing with complex integrated circuits
whereas 30 years ago the problem involved mere discrete transistors.
Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp. "Have you hugged your cat today?"
VOICE: 716/688-1231 {boulder, rutgers, watmath}!ub!kitty!larry
FAX: 716/741-9635 {utzoo, uunet}!/ \aerion!larry
--
Dave Turner (510) 823-2001 {att,bellcore,sun,ames,decwrl}!pacbell!dmturne
Dave Medin
|> Ya know, Larry once recommended to my sysadmin that I be kicked off the system
|> because I posted a message about nitrogen triiodide to sci.chem.
You're kidding! Who would want to deprive anyone of the kinky pink
smoke the stuff makes when it blows up? When mixed with sugar for bait,
it definitely makes a great flypaper replacement.
Anybody got a source for powdered iodine anymore?
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave Medin Voice: (205) 730-5812
Intergraph Corp. (205) 837-1174
M/S CR1104
Huntsville, AL 35894-0001 Internet: me...@catbyte.b11.ingr.com
*********Everywhere You Look...(at least around my office)***********
*The opinions here are strictly my own (or those of my machine)
LaRocheNJ
> ... all deleted; had nothing to do with pets.
Please remove distribution of these articles from rec.pets. Thanks!
Dave Turner
>dmt...@ptsfa.PacBell.COM (Dave Turner) writes:
>... much deleted
>> While the first undersea repeaters for TAT-1 in 1956 used vacuum
>>tubes, isn't it interesting that *seven* years later Western Electric
>>*still* considered vacuum tubes more reliable than transistors for
>>submarine cable repeater use?
>
I posted an article from an old Radio-Electronics magazine about
some undersea amplifiers that wouldn't need service for 20 years.
The remarks above are those of Larry Lippman.
>As best as I can remember, in 1956 the late Bob Carbrey at BTL in Murray
>Hill was still using basically "hand-made" transistors for his high speed
>circuit research. Just to prove the point, some of these would work just
>as advertised in the tens og megahertz range and others would be useless
>at audio frequencies.
>
>It was a long time before all the factors that determine transistor
>performance were recognized and dealt with.
Which is pretty much what Larry said.