Reflexive Activation Code Generator
Eleanore Bansmer
What does this class diagram mean? The class diagram of reflexive association uses solid lines and arrows, but here is replaced by a hollow diamond. Does it have anything to do with recursion? What will this class diagram generate? It would be best if you can give an example. In addition, this recursive relationship should be one-to-many, how to build a table if you store a database.
Nevertheless, recursive algorithms are good candidates to explore such associations (e.g. find all the instances of Unit that are indirectly related to a specific instance). In a database environment the term "recursive association" is sometimes used instead of "reflexive" because of the recursive joins that are used to implement them.
Code generation will depends on the tool and target languages. But the model with the aggregation and the model with the simple association will most probably generate exactly the same code, something like:
The LOINC codes are copyright 1994-2023, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. Permission is granted in perpetuity, without payment of license fees or royalties, to use, copy, or distribute the LOINC codes for any commercial or non-commercial purpose, subject to the terms under the license agreement found at Additional information regarding LOINC codes can be found at LOINC.org, including the LOINC Manual, which can be downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf
FYI, I am not unfamiliar with programming in general, but I am admittedly most familiar with databases and scripting. Thus, from my perspective, it's mind-boggling that people would prefer to write code in a reflective style.
At best, it seems overly verbose and just obfuscates the code. At worst, it seems that it can also make programs insecure and/or easier to reverse-engineer. So, why is it a desirable feature and do people actually code like this normally?
P.S. I found an answer to a similar question here. I can kind of understand the use in writing plugins, but wouldn't it still be possible to write plugins for applications that don't have reflective code? I definitely don't get the dependency injection part of that answer; the concept of intentionally exposing code at runtime seems bizarrely insecure to me.
Analysis and interpretation under this conceptualisation can not make simple claims to truth or objectivity, Nevertheless, an analysis can be weak or strong. A reflexive account of the researcher, methodological approach, and situational nature of the research can be unconvincing, superficial (i.e., weak), or compelling and characterised by depth and thoughtfulness (i.e., strong).
Braun and Clarke outline 4 domains of reflexive thematic analysis (orientation to data, focus of meaning, qualitative framework, theoretical frameworks) and each one reflects orientations to data. These polarities or dimensions are not mutually exclusive, thus will often overlap.
Once familiarity has been achieved, which involves being close to the data, then the research can move onto the next stage which involves critical engagement, and this involves creating some distance with the data. In this stage, the researchers approach moves on from reading and familiarising into engaging critically and reflexively asking questions of yourself (remember, the self is a fundamental element of reflexive TA) and the data.
The reflected binary code (RBC), also known as reflected binary (RB) or Gray code after Frank Gray, is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit).
For example, the representation of the decimal value "1" in binary would normally be "001" and "2" would be "010". In Gray code, these values are represented as "001" and "011". That way, incrementing a value from 1 to 2 requires only one bit to change, instead of two.
Gray codes are widely used to prevent spurious output from electromechanical switches and to facilitate error correction in digital communications such as digital terrestrial television and some cable TV systems. The use of Gray code in these devices helps simplify logic operations and reduce errors in practice.[3]
Many devices indicate position by closing and opening switches. If that device uses natural binary codes, positions 3 and 4 are next to each other but all three bits of the binary representation differ:
This problem can be solved by changing only one switch at a time, so there is never any ambiguity of position, resulting in codes assigning to each of a contiguous set of integers, or to each member of a circular list, a word of symbols such that no two code words are identical and each two adjacent code words differ by exactly one symbol. These codes are also known as unit-distance,[4][5][6][7][8] single-distance, single-step, monostrophic[9][10][7][8] or syncopic codes,[9] in reference to the Hamming distance of 1 between adjacent codes.
In principle, there can be more than one such code for a given word length, but the term Gray code was first applied to a particular binary code for non-negative integers, the binary-reflected Gray code, or BRGC. Bell Labs researcher George R. Stibitz described such a code in a 1941 patent application, granted in 1943.[11][12][13] Frank Gray introduced the term reflected binary code in his 1947 patent application, remarking that the code had "as yet no recognized name".[14] He derived the name from the fact that it "may be built up from the conventional binary code by a sort of reflection process".
In modern digital communications, Gray codes play an important role in error correction. For example, in a digital modulation scheme such as QAM where data is typically transmitted in symbols of 4 bits or more, the signal's constellation diagram is arranged so that the bit patterns conveyed by adjacent constellation points differ by only one bit. By combining this with forward error correction capable of correcting single-bit errors, it is possible for a receiver to correct any transmission errors that cause a constellation point to deviate into the area of an adjacent point. This makes the transmission system less susceptible to noise.
Despite the fact that Stibitz described this code[11][12][13] before Gray, the reflected binary code was later named after Gray by others who used it. Two different 1953 patent applications use "Gray code" as an alternative name for the "reflected binary code";[16][17] one of those also lists "minimum error code" and "cyclic permutation code" among the names.[17] A 1954 patent application refers to "the Bell Telephone Gray code".[18] Other names include "cyclic binary code",[12] "cyclic progression code",[19][12] "cyclic permuting binary"[20] or "cyclic permuted binary" (CPB).[21][22]
It can serve as a solution guide for the Towers of Hanoi problem, based on a game by the French Édouard Lucas in 1883.[27][28][29][30] Similarly, the so-called Towers of Bucharest and Towers of Klagenfurt game configurations yield ternary and pentary Gray codes.[31]
When the French engineer Émile Baudot changed from using a 6-unit (6-bit) code to 5-unit code for his printing telegraph system, in 1875[33] or 1876,[34][35] he ordered the alphabetic characters on his print wheel using a reflected binary code, and assigned the codes using only three of the bits to vowels. With vowels and consonants sorted in their alphabetical order,[36][37][38] and other symbols appropriately placed, the 5-bit character code has been recognized as a reflected binary code.[13] This code became known as Baudot code[39] and, with minor changes, was eventually adopted as International Telegraph Alphabet No. 1 (ITA1, CCITT-1) in 1932.[40][41][38]
Frank Gray, who became famous for inventing the signaling method that came to be used for compatible color television, invented a method to convert analog signals to reflected binary code groups using vacuum tube-based apparatus. Filed in 1947, the method and apparatus were granted a patent in 1953,[14] and the name of Gray stuck to the codes. The "PCM tube" apparatus that Gray patented was made by Raymond W. Sears of Bell Labs, working with Gray and William M. Goodall, who credited Gray for the idea of the reflected binary code.[44]
Gray codes are used in linear and rotary position encoders (absolute encoders and quadrature encoders) in preference to weighted binary encoding. This avoids the possibility that, when multiple bits change in the binary representation of a position, a misread will result from some of the bits changing before others.
For example, some rotary encoders provide a disk which has an electrically conductive Gray code pattern on concentric rings (tracks). Each track has a stationary metal spring contact that provides electrical contact to the conductive code pattern. Together, these contacts produce output signals in the form of a Gray code. Other encoders employ non-contact mechanisms based on optical or magnetic sensors to produce the Gray code output signals.
Regardless of the mechanism or precision of a moving encoder, position measurement error can occur at specific positions (at code boundaries) because the code may be changing at the exact moment it is read (sampled). A binary output code could cause significant position measurement errors because it is impossible to make all bits change at exactly the same time. If, at the moment the position is sampled, some bits have changed and others have not, the sampled position will be incorrect. In the case of absolute encoders, the indicated position may be far away from the actual position and, in the case of incremental encoders, this can corrupt position tracking.
In contrast, the Gray code used by position encoders ensures that the codes for any two consecutive positions will differ by only one bit and, consequently, only one bit can change at a time. In this case, the maximum position error will be small, indicating a position adjacent to the actual position.
0aad45d008