David,
ScalaSTM is working fine as library on maven central, so it is not included in the core Scala distribution. The extra download size from putting it in the core will be worth it only if parts of the compiler or other standard libraries need it as a dependency.
Multiple implementations are supported, but the bundled CCSTM backend is the only one that has been brought to production quality and released, or that is currently being developed (to my knowledge).
Thanks,
Nathan