Panorama User Id

[Ptolomeo Shop]

Ijust wanted to commit some changes to our panorama configuration and noticed, that a new user with the name "__vm_series" was added in the commit changes as a full panorama-admin. Curiously, that user was hidden in the web-gui under Panorama -> Administrators. This was among some changes around adding new firewalls, so my best guess is that this user was added automatically somewhere around that process. BTW: We're running Panorama on 10.2.5 with the vm-series plugin 3.0.5 installed.

Testing the impact of this discovery, I discarded the changes and created that user manually and sure enough, it isn't listed, but I can log it in on the web gui. For obvious reasons, having users with administrative access set up and working, but hidden is a serious problem in our security posture.

Do you only have local authentication enabled? No RADIUS, SAML, LDAP or kerberos authentication methods? Admins from external authentication won't be listed in the local admin list, but will show up in the logs. How are you logging in as the user if you don't know the password?

All regular "People" accounts are using Radius, but they're all set up locally under "Panorama -> Administrators" and set with a Radius Authentication-Profile. I suspect you're referring to the default Authentication profile set up under "Panorama -> Setup -> Management -> Authentication Settings". If you set an authentication profile there, Panorama (or any PanOS device, really) authenticates anyone it doesn't locally know as long as that authentication succeeds. However, we don't use that. Every administrator that can login is set up under "Panorama -> Administrators".

The situation I'm investigating goes as far as me going to Panorama -> Administrators, clicking "Add", setting up that admin and upon hitting "Save", I see the new user for a split-second in the list before it just disappeared. It worked perfectly fine after committing the change and did show up in the running-config.xml when I downloaded and examined that, but the GUI did not show it. Consequently, it's also not that easy to delete it. I was able to simply revert my change, but if you were to find this long after, you'd have to download the running config, remove the user from the xml, upload the changed file and load-commit that.

I wonder if you got a response from Palo Alto about this system user. I'm seeing the same on our virtual appliance Panorama and we need to justify every user/admin that shows up in panorama. In my case, I see this admin show up when I perform "show admins all" from the CLI"

"The behavior you described in your report is intended: the `__vm_series` user is created and used by the vm_series plugin. The engineering team indicated that while the user is hidden from the web user interface, it should be visible via the command line interface ("show admins all" command). The engineering team was also able to confirm that when actions are taken by this user, such as in the scenario you described with replacing the password hash in the config file, a system log will be generated. Additionally, if the vm_series plugin modifies the configuration using this user, a configuration log will be generated.".

Checking the CLI on my Panorama I see our expected local administrator user and the following accounts that don't show up in the UI:

admin

__cloud_services

__vm_series

__ztp

__cloudconnector

I'm going to guess that all accounts starting with __ are some sort of hidden service accounts. ZTP and Cloudconnector/Cloudservices are likely related to the Prisma services and data lake, as well as the ZTP functionality added around 9.1.4. I'd have to guess that the vm_series is similar, possibly tied into the VM plugin functions for graceful shutdowns and such, but it would be nice if Palo had some information about these service users disclosed.

- Some sort of information about what functions/services these serve, verification they're expected, etc.

- Are they limited in any ways or are they full admin accounts?

the little "playing around" I've done in our Panorama told me, that these are full admin accounts. I could even see the vm_series user appear and disappear when I installed and removed the VM-Series plugin.

As for what the password is, I haven't played around with it too much, but it was assigned automatically. Since Palo Alto says they're the coolest kid on the block, I assume that this password is also a strong and randomly chosen one. However, since it uses local credentials, the password hash is contained in any config export you make and you can absolutely change it on an exported config and re-import and load it into Panorama. That way I was able to give it a password that I know and could login as that user just fine.

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Header bidding is a programmatic advertising technique in which publishers bid on multiple advertising exchanges in real time to maximize CPM and yield of their media inventory. Previously the transactions between buyers and sellers of media inventory were made separately and in a sequence like a farmer manually taking his cart of produce to each of the grocery stores in town until one agrees to purchase his crop.

Prebid provides an industry leading implementation of header bidding that publishers can easily add to their ad stack to support header bidding without having to develop all the integrations and management tools themselves.

The Prebid.org group provides implementations of header bidding for client side, server side and mobile environments. The documentation in this section of the Lotame Knowledge Base will focus on the web based client side implementation.

The Prebid.org group supports extensibility into their products. Third parties can add custom functionality into the core prebid frameworks. Think of these like how you might use the core features of your web browser and add custom features by installing third party extensions. These optional features take the form of:

The Bid Adapter is said to send the bid request to the auction where advertisers compete to buy the opportunity to run a display ad as part of their campaign in a specific placement. The path of bid request from the publisher to the auction is often referred to as the Bid Stream. Many requests flow from suppliers to buyers through multiple auctions and exchanges thanks to header bidding.

Modules perform a variety of functions from helping to manage pricing rules, currency conversions, viewability or Identity. Modules that provide identity allow different providers to attach their ID to the visitor for the purpose of identity resolution. Identity modules are implemented within Prebid using the User ID module feature.

User ID modules are used to pass a person, household or device level ID in the bid stream from the seller to the buyer auction. The value to both the buyers and sellers is that in addition to knowing where the placement is on the site, the context of other content that the visitor is exposed to, and a number of other attributes passed into the auction, that having a way to uniquely identify who the visitor is and understand data that has been previously associated to that person will make the winning ad impression more valuable to both parties. Without knowing much about who the auctioned ad placement is reaching means the price for that ad spot is low. While knowing who the winning ad is targeting means the seller can command a higher price from the right buyer.

The Lotame User ID module operates client side in the browser. The Lotame User ID module looks at locally stored locations for a Panorama ID that has been previously returned to the user or makes a request to the Lotame servers to retrieve a Panorama ID if one is not otherwise available.

The Panorama ID is passed to all active SSP bid adapters however the ID is only made available in those auctions if the Panorama ID is supported by the SSP. For a complete list of all SSPs that support the Lotame Panorama ID consult the list of adapters on the Prebid site.

For SSPs who wish to support the Lotame Panorama ID from a business arrangement point of view there is no requirement to contact or get approval from Lotame. Simply pick up the Lotame Panorama ID from the EID string in prebid. The EID or Extended Identifier is a key in the JSON User Object. Further information is available here:

When a user navigates to the portal in a web browser they are authenticated and then given the option to download the GlobalProtect client. If you decide to set up Clientless Apps, they will appear in this area as well. Note that Clientless Apps are available to configure, but are not supported by Expedient.

After a user is authenticated on the Portal and is using the GlobalProtect local application, they have access to the Gateway. Depending on the Portal Authentication configuration they may need to authenticate again to complete the connection. When authentication completes the user will be assigned a client pool IP address.

To grant users in your account access to AWS Panorama, you use identity-based policies in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Apply identity-based policies to IAM roles that are associated with a user. You can also grant users in another account permission to assume a role in your account and access your AWS Panorama resources.

AWS Panorama provides managed policies that grant access to AWS Panorama API actions and, in some cases, access to other services used to develop and manage AWS Panorama resources. AWS Panorama updates the managed policies as needed, to ensure that your users have access to new features when they're released.

The AWSPanoramaFullAccess policy allows you to tag AWS Panorama resources, but does not have all tag-related permissions used by the AWS Panorama console. To grant these permissions, add the following policy.

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