Chave Word 2016
Beverly Friddle
"Chav" (/tʃv/), also "charver", "scally" and "roadman" in parts of England, is a British term, usually used in a pejorative way. The term is used to describe an anti-social lower-class youth dressed in sportswear.[1] The use of the word has been described as a form of "social racism".[2] "Chavette" is a related term referring to female chavs, and the adjectives "chavvy", "chavvish", and "chavtastic" are used to describe things associated with chavs, such as fashion, slang, etc.[3] In other countries like Ireland, "skanger" is used in a similar manner.[4] In Ontario (particularly in Toronto), the term is "hoodman", an equivalent of the term "roadman" used in England.[5] In Newfoundland, "skeet" is used in a similar way,[6] while in Australia, "eshay" or "adlay" is used.[7]
Opinion is divided on the origin of the term. "Chav" may have its origins in the Romani word "chavi" ("child") or "chaval" ("boy"), which later came to mean "man".[3][8][9] The word "chavvy" has existed since at least the 19th century; lexicographer Eric Partridge mentions it in his 1950 dictionary of slang and unconventional English, giving its date of origin as c. 1860.[10]
The word in its current pejorative usage is recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary as first used in a Usenet forum in 1998 and first used in a newspaper in 2002.[11][12] By 2005, the term had become widely used to refer to a type of anti-social, uncultured youth, portrayed as wearing excessive flashy jewellery, white athletic shoes, baseball caps, and sham designer clothes. Similarly, girls are portrayed as commonly wearing clothes which expose their midriffs.[9]
In his 2011 book, Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class, Owen Jones argued that the word is an attack on the poor.[12] In the 2010 book Stab Proof Scarecrows by Lance Manley, it was surmised that "chav" was an abbreviation for "council housed and violent".[13] Others regard this as a backronym.[8] This interpretation of the word was used in a 2012 public statement by rapper Plan B as he spoke out to oppose the use of the term.[14]
Besides referring to loutish (ill-mannered) behaviour, violence, and particular speech patterns (all of which are stereotypes), the chav stereotype includes wearing branded designer sportswear,[15] which may be accompanied by some form of flashy gold jewellery otherwise termed as "bling". They have been described as adopting "black culture".[16]
In a case where a teenage woman was barred from her own home under the terms of an anti-social behaviour order in 2005, some British national newspapers branded her "the real-life Vicky Pollard" with the Daily Star running headlines reading, "Good riddance to chav scum: real life Vicky Pollard evicted",[17] both referring to a BBC comedy character .mw-parser-output div.crossreferencepadding-left:0(see In the media below). A 2006 survey by YouGov suggested 70% of TV industry professionals believed that Vicky Pollard was an accurate reflection of white working-class youth.[12]
Response to the stereotype has ranged from amusement to criticism, with some saying that it is a new manifestation of classism.[18] The Guardian in 2011 identified issues stemming from the use of the terms "hoodies" and "chav" within the mass media, which had led to age discrimination as a result of mass media-created stereotypes.[19]
In 2005 the fashion house Burberry, whilst deriding chavs, claimed that the widespread fashion in the UK of chavs wearing its branded style (Burberry check) was due to the widespread availability of cheaper counterfeit versions.[citation needed]
A BBC TV documentary suggested that chav culture is an evolution of previous working-class youth subcultures associated with particular commercial clothing styles, such as mods, skinheads, and casuals.[21]
In a February 2005 article in The Times, Julie Burchill argued that use of the word is a form of "social racism", and that such "sneering" reveals more about the shortcomings of the "chav-haters" than those of their supposed victims.[22] The writer John Harris argued along similar lines in a 2007 article in The Guardian.[23] The widespread use of the "chav" stereotype has been criticised.[24] Some argue that it amounts to simple snobbery and elitism.[18][25] Critics of the term have argued that its users are "neo-snobs",[26] and that its increasing popularity raises questions about how British society deals with social mobility and class.[27]
The Fabian Society considers the term to be offensive and regards it as "sneering and patronising" to a largely voiceless group. On describing those who use the word, the society stated that "we all know their old serviette/napkin, lounge/living room, settee/sofa tricks. But this is something new. This is middle class hatred of the white working class, pure and simple. The Fabian Society have been highly critical of the BBC in using the term in broadcasts.[28] Use of the term 'chav' was reported in The Guardian in 2011 as "class abuse by people asserting superiority".[29] Writer Owen Jones also criticised the use of the term in his book Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class.
By 2004, the word was used in national newspapers and common parlance in the UK. Susie Dent's Larpers and Shroomers: The Language Report, published by the Oxford University Press, designated it as the "word of the year"[30] in 2004.[31]
Characters described as "chavs" have been featured in numerous British television programmes, as well as films. The character, clothing, attitude and musical interests of Lauren Cooper and her friends in the BBC comedy series, The Catherine Tate Show, have been associated with the chav stereotype.[32] The character Ali G, created by Sacha Baron Cohen originally for The 11 O'Clock Show and eventually gaining more popularity due to the Da Ali G Show, is described as using "the chav's putative anti-intellectuality to critique radical political stances".[33] The BBC comedy series Little Britain features the character Vicky Pollard (portrayed by Matt Lucas), a parody of a teenage female chav. In the British television series Misfits, the character of Kelly Bailey is presented as a stereotypical chav.[34] Lauren Socha, the actress who portrays Kelly, has described the character as being "a bit chavvy".[35] The Times has referred to the character as "[a] chavvish girl",[36] and the character has been said to possess a "chav accent".[37]
In the "New Earth" episode of the BBC TV series Doctor Who, the character Lady Cassandra is transplanted into Rose Tyler's body (Billie Piper). When Cassandra sees herself in a mirror, she exclaims "Oh my God... I'm a chav!"[38] In Kingsman: The Secret Service, the main character Eggsy Unwin (Taron Egerton) is introduced as a stereotypical chav.[39]
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I have some objects in List, let's say List and MyClass has several properties. I would like to create an index of the list based on 3 properties of of MyClass. In this case 2 of the properties are int's, and one property is a datetime.
I sometimes create multiple dictionaries on a list to index different properties of the classes it holds. I am not sure how best to handle composite keys though. I considered doing a checksum of the three values but this runs the risk of collisions.
If there are a lot of properties you want to include in the composite key, the Tuple type name can become pretty long, but you can make the name shorter by creating your own class deriving from Tuple.
The best way I could think of is to create a CompositeKey struct and make sure to override the GetHashCode() and Equals() methods in order to ensure speed and accuracy when working with the collection:
Perfwise, the new ValueTuple is faster than Tuple at GetHashCode but slower at Equals. I think you'd need to do complete end-to-end experiments to figure out which is really fastest for your scenario. But the end-to-end niceness and language syntax for ValueTuple makes it win out.
Write a class that utilizes nested dictionaries internally. Something like: TripleKeyDictionary... this class would internally have a member of type Dictionary, and would expose methods such as this[TKey1 k1, TKey2 k2, TKey3 k3], ContainsKeys(TKey1 k1, TKey2 k2, TKey3 k3), etc.
*A word on whether overriding the Equals method is necessary: while it's true that the Equals method for a struct compares the value of each member by default, it does so by using reflection -- which inherently entails performance costs -- and is therefore not a very appropriate implementation for something that is meant to be used as a key in a dictionary (in my opinion, anyway). According to the MSDN documentation on ValueType.Equals:
The default implementation of the Equals method uses reflection to compare the corresponding fields of obj and this instance. Override the Equals method for a particular type to improve the performance of the method and more closely represent the concept of equality for the type.
If the key is part of the class then use KeyedCollection.
It is a Dictionary where the key is derived from the object.
Under the covers it is Dictionary
Don't have to repeat the key in the Key and Value.
Why take a chance the key is not the same in the Key as the Value.
Don't have to duplicate the same information in memory.