Primary Care Dermatology Literature May 2026
Skin Research in Primary Care
Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology: An International Cross-Sectional Study
Emmanouil Karampinis, Christina-Marina Zoumpourli, Aimilios Lallas, Zoe Apalla, John Paoli, Bengü Nisa Akay, Cristian Navarette-Dechent, Behera Biswanath, Nkechi Enechukwu, Peter Chai, Jie Liu, Olga Toli, Christina Kontogianni, Dimitrios Sgouros, Alexander Katoulis, Christofer Tzermias, Paweł Pietkiewicz, Enzo Errichetti
Medicina (Kaunas). 2026 Apr 15;62(4):759. doi: 10.3390/medicina62040759.
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has transitioned to an integral part of dermatology in only few years, yet perceptions of its use vary widely, reflecting diverse hopes, concerns, and perceived clinical utility. Materials and Methods: In this study, 300 dermatologists from 13 countries, representing a range of experience levels and AI usage statuses, were surveyed regarding the characteristics and applications of AI in dermatology. Results: Among respondents, 61.33% reported having used AI tools in clinical practice. Adoption of AI was observed across all age groups, countries, and experience levels. Analysis of the types of AI tools used revealed a strong reliance on general-purpose large language models (LLMs), with chatbots being the most frequently cited category, utilized by 58.15% of users. Younger clinicians demonstrated a significant preference for chatbots (p < 0.05). Country-specific patterns in AI adoption were also noted. The most highly rated expected benefit of AI in dermatology was improved diagnostic accuracy, while the primary concern centered on regulatory and ethical limitations, suggesting that the "AI revolution" in dermatology is currently constrained less by technical barriers and more by regulation considerations. Use of consent forms when AI use takes place was more frequently reported as mandatory by dermatologists who had never used AI, reflecting heightened caution among non-users (p = 0.03). Additionally, 75% of respondents agreed that formal training in AI is necessary, highlighting a significant gap in traditional medical education regarding emerging technologies.
Ying-Ju Liao, Ta-Peng Wu, Chou-Cheng Lai, Yen-Ying Kung, Cheng-Hung Tsai, Yun-Ting Chang, Chih-Chiang Chen, Ching-Mao Chang, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Fang-Pey Chen
Life (Basel). 2026 Apr 16;16(4):680. doi: 10.3390/life16040680.
Abstract: Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) requires safe, long-term management strategies to complement conventional pharmacotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of VGH4, a standardized multi-herb traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, as an adjunct to standard care. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial, 19 patients with moderate-to-severe AD (SCOring Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) ≥ 25) received VGH4 or placebo for 6 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout. Primary outcomes assessed disease severity (SCORAD), while secondary outcomes included quality of life (DLQI/CDLQI) and safety. Eighteen patients completed the study. VGH4 yielded a median within-patient SCORAD reduction 10.2 points greater than placebo (p = 0.054). The primary endpoint did not reach statistical significance at the α = 0.05 level (p = 0.054); nevertheless, the observed magnitude of improvement exceeded the established minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs). The subjective SCORAD component showed a significant between-treatment difference favoring VGH4 (p = 0.015), and a statistically significant improvement in quality of life was also observed in adult patients (p = 0.023). In conclusion, VGH4 was generally well tolerated in this short-term pilot trial, with no serious adverse events, and showed preliminary signals of possible benefits in patient-reported outcomes as an adjunct therapy. These exploratory findings warrant confirmation in larger, adequately powered trials.
Patient-centric approaches and personalized nanomedicine in skin cancer
Umesh Kumar, Lakshita Tyagi, Garima Rathi, Satbir Singh Sehgal
Adv Cancer Res. 2026:169:289-316. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2026.01.004. Epub 2026 Feb 4.
Abstract: One of the most common cancers in the world is still skin cancer, which includes both melanoma and non-melanoma forms like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Non-specificity, drug resistance, recurrence, and patient response variability are some of the drawbacks of traditional treatment modalities. In order to overcome these obstacles and improve the treatment of skin cancer, this review investigates the combination of personalized nanomedicine and patient-centric care models. Patient-centric approaches place a high value on shared decision-making, customized treatment plans, and ongoing feedback via mobile health technologies and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). At the same time, personalized nanomedicine uses sophisticated nanocarriers like liposomes, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles to deliver targeted, effective, and less toxic therapies by utilizing molecular profiling and biomarker-guided strategies. When these paradigms are applied in concert, precise drug delivery is made possible, therapeutic results are improved, and treatments are tailored to the biological and psychosocial characteristics of the patients. The potential for these integrative approaches to revolutionize standard care in dermatologic oncology is highlighted in this paper along with their recent developments, clinical uses, and potential future directions.
Nanotechnology in skin cancer diagnosis
Sangeeta Dwivedi, Steffy Mary Chandy, Neha Sisodiya, Saurabh Maru, Rakhi Khabiya
Adv Cancer Res. 2026:169:147-171. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2026.01.001. Epub 2026 Feb 6.
Abstract: Skin is very sensitive organ for carcinogen and mutagens. Abnormal growth of skin cells leads to in skin cancer which is notable health concern globally. It can be divided into two types Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Prolonged exposure to UV sunlight and increasing pollution are major causes of skin cancer. A significant number of deaths are associated with this condition. Moreover, the cost related to its diagnosis and treatment is increasing day by day. Various optical technologies like wavelength-based imaging, Fluorescence microscopy (with confocal optics), optical coherence reflectometry, three-dimensional surface mapping, mole mapping, and multiphoton laser imaging are applied for skin lesion diagnosis. The accuracy of the diagnosis of cancer by each of those methods is still debatable. Conventional methods have certain major side effects which impart negative effects on patient health. early identification and treatment of skin cancer can notably improve patient outcomes. From last few years new techniques for diagnosis of skin cancer have gained increased attention. Among them, nanotechnology technology has offered newer molecular diagnostic tools and bio imaging tools that have revolutionized the concept of diagnosis of skin cancer. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms in diagnosis of skin cancer will give new and innovative detection in primary health care setting. Therefore, this chapter focuses on recent innovation with advance nanotechnology techniques for early skin cancer detection, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations.
Improving GP dermoscopy training through nosological performance analysis
Julien Anriot, Clio Coste, Simon Lesire, Luc Thomas, Stephane Dalle
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2026 Apr 30. doi: 10.1111/jdv.70466. Online ahead of print.
No abstract available
Diversity and Content Reliability Among Dermatologist Influencers on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Study
Madison S Meyer, Shoshanah Lasry, Khalid Zakaria
Cureus. 2026 Mar 29;18(3):e106063. doi: 10.7759/cureus.106063. eCollection 2026 Mar.
Abstract: TikTok has surged in popularity as a primary source of entertainment for Americans, with many physicians leveraging the platform to disseminate up-to-date medical information. Within this landscape, dermatology has emerged as one of the most sought-after medical subjects, leading to the prominence of numerous board-certified dermatologists as influential figures. However, despite this visibility, dermatology remains among the least diverse medical specialties. This cross-sectional study investigates patterns of following and content reliability on TikTok, particularly concerning dermatological information, based on the racial, gender, and sexual orientation diversity of top influencers. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the top 55 dermatologist influencers on TikTok, based on data collected on October 10, 2022, we assess the demographics and video characteristics, with a focus on follower count. Our study found that content produced by Latinx and African American dermatologists demonstrated relatively higher DISCERN scores, although overall content reliability across all groups was low. Additionally, our findings underscore a significant lack of minority representation among dermatology influencers on TikTok, particularly among Latinx, African American, and LGBTQIA+ physicians. This lack of diversity may limit the availability of culturally representative dermatologic information, highlighting a potential gap that has been associated in prior literature with inequities in care and health outcomes. By addressing these diversity gaps, we can work towards fostering more inclusive and equitable healthcare environments on social media platforms.
Tinea Vanderwerff, Laurie Newton
J Pediatr Health Care. 2026 May-Jun;40(3):e105-e109. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2025.09.012.
Abstract: Guttate psoriasis is a dermatological condition that can present suddenly and progress rapidly, often prompting patients to seek medical evaluation. Although a well-recognized condition in dermatology, guttate psoriasis may be unfamiliar to pediatric primary care healthcare providers (HCPs). This case report emphasizes the importance of recognizing guttate psoriasis as a potential sequela of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, particularly in children and adolescents. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of thorough history-taking and a physical assessment to support accurate diagnoses, improve patient outcomes, minimize unnecessary referrals to dermatology, and ultimately reduce healthcare costs for patients and their families.
Sandipan Dhar, Abhishek De, Murlidhar Rajgopalan, Kiran Godse, Anant Patil, Disha Chakraborty, Deepika Pandhi, Vijay Zawar, Indrashis Podder, Manas Chatterjee, Aarti Sarda, Anupam Das, Mukesh Girdhar, Dipankar De, Bela Shah, Maitreyee Panda, Nidhi Sharma, Soumya Jagadeesan, D S Krupa Shankar, Abhijit Saha, Raghubir Banerjee, Rajib Malakar, Saumya Panda
Indian J Dermatol. 2026 May-Jun;71(3):204-230. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_421_25. Epub 2026 Apr 30.
Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with significant morbidity. Recognising the need for region-specific guidance, the Skin Allergy Research Society and Society for Eczema Studies have collaborated to develop updated, evidence-based guidelines tailored to the Indian context. These guidelines address AD management across all age groups, special populations while considering local epidemiology, healthcare infrastructure, and treatment accessibility. A structured Delphi consensus process was conducted among 23 dermatology experts over 3 months through virtual and in-person meetings. Literature from MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was systematically reviewed, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) approach was used to assess evidence quality. Clinical recommendations were refined through multiple voting rounds, leading to consensus statements. Recommendations are based on an extensive literature review up to December 2024. This document updates the 2019 Skin Allergy Society guidelines, reinforcing global recommendations while allowing local adaptability. These guidelines provide updated recommendations for topical, systemic, phototherapy, and biologic therapies in AD. Key advancements include the introduction of topical crisaborole and JAK inhibitors for mild to moderate AD, along with a focus on emerging systemic therapies, such as biologics and systemic JAK inhibitors. In the Indian context, the guidelines define the roles of dupilumab and abrocitinib while also addressing the off-label use of tofacitinib and baricitinib in resource-limited settings. Specific recommendations are provided for children, elderly patients, and pregnant women, emphasising safety considerations for systemic and biologic therapies. These guidelines align with global AD management while incorporating India-specific adaptations based on epidemiology, accessibility, and affordability. They serve as a key reference for dermatologists, pediatricians, and general practitioners in India and other resource-limited settings. Though tailored for India, they are also relevant to dermatologists in developing countries, guiding treatment selection based on disease patterns, environmental factors, and medication availability.
Shyamasundaran Kulangara, Shashank K S, Deepu Mohanan, Deepthi Viswaroopan, N S Reshma, Sushma Naranappa Salethoor
Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Apr 21:13:1796572. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1796572.
Abstract: Introduction: Kumkumadi Taila is a classical Ayurvedic facial oil traditionally used in primary care as a routine preventive skincare product to enhance the complexion; however, clinical instrument-based data and detailed chemical profiling remain scarce.
Discussion: In this exploratory proof-of-concept assessment, short-term application of Kumkumadi Taila was associated with changes in selected facial skin biophysical parameters over 15 days. The study supports its potential as a safe and accessible primary care intervention in the form of a routine preventive skincare product, and its findings highlight the relevance of traditional Ayurvedic topical formulations in routine skin care. The study also demonstrates a practical framework for evaluating non-invasive skin metrics and phytochemicals, serving as a proof of concept.
Lingyun Du, Xiaoke Zhao, Jingjing Wei, Shanrong Lv, Mingming Li, Yi Leng, Kemei Yu, Qingqing Xu, Chunhong Zhang
Phytother Res. 2026 May 7.doi: 10.1002/ptr.70342. Online ahead of print.
Abstract: Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that presents significant challenges in clinical management. Gentiopicroside (GPS), a bioactive compound derived from Gentiana scabra, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, its potential role in the treatment of psoriasis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of GPS on psoriasis-like dermatitis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. A psoriasis-like dermatitis model was established in BALB/c mice using imiquimod (IMQ). The therapeutic efficacy of GPS was evaluated based on clinical and histopathological improvements. Flow cytometry was used to analyze immune cell populations in the spleen and peripheral blood. In vitro, the effects of GPS on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were assessed in an inflammatory model. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and key signaling pathways in BMDCs after GPS treatment. Molecular docking was employed to predict the binding affinity between GPS and potential targets, which were further validated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. GPS treatment significantly alleviated psoriasis-like skin lesions in IMQ-induced mice, improving both clinical manifestations and histopathological alterations. GPS reduced the proportions of lymphocytes and dendritic cells and attenuated Th17-driven inflammation, thereby contributing to a more balanced immune milieu. In vitro, GPS inhibited the maturation and activation of BMDCs. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that GPS modulated multiple immune- and cytokine-associated pathways, particularly the NF-κB signaling pathway. Molecular docking suggested a strong binding affinity between GPS and NF-κB p65, while Western blotting and immunofluorescence confirmed that GPS suppressed phosphorylated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. GPS exerts anti-psoriatic effects through multimodal mechanisms, including immunomodulation and suppression of NF-κB activation. These findings provide experimental evidence and a theoretical basis for the development of GPS as a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis.
Andrew Prestwich, Emma Gerrard, Kate Panniker
Psychol Health. 2026 Jun;41(6):783-802. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2025.2493885.
Abstract Objective: UK-based patients can consult with, and be treated by, pharmacists for various minor medical conditions. However, research needs to identify the psychological factors that influence patients' decisions to consult with a pharmacist over alternative treatment responses. The current study addressed this gap.
Conclusion: Strategies that increase pharmacists' perceived assertiveness and morality could enhance respect and trust of pharmacists. Such changes could facilitate the current drive in the UK to utilize pharmacies more to minimise GP service demand.
Alastair D Hay, Samantha Abbs, Matthew Ridd, Stephen Granier, J Athene Lane, Peter Muir, Jodi Taylor, Grace Young, Kathy Eastwood, Hayley Dash, Lynne Bradshaw, Rebecca Clarke, Mandy Lui, Emma Bridgeman, Rachel C M Brierley, Emily Brown, Hannah V Thornton, Paul M Mitchell, Liang Zhu, Lucy Yardley, Chris Metcalfe
JAMA Intern Med. 2026 May 18:e261426. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.1426. Online ahead of print.
Abstract Objective: To investigate whether the use of a RM-POCT can safely reduce same-day antibiotic prescribing for children and adults presenting to primary care with respiratory infections.
Conclusions and relevance: In this randomized clinical trial among patients with respiratory tract infections being considered for antibiotic treatment in primary care, use of an RM-POCT did not reduce same-day antibiotic prescribing or worsen patient outcomes.
Ravi Ramessur, Luke Carson, Joseph Scott, Ivy Lee, Emma Lennard, Owain T Jones, Colin Morton, Veronica Rotemberg, Reiko J Tanaka, Neil Rajan, Eugene Healy, Emanuele Trucco, Rubeta N Matin
Clin Exp Dermatol. 2026 May 18:llag198. doi: 10.1093/ced/llag198. Online ahead of print.
Abstract Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential to improve dermatological care, but most studies have concentrated on image-based skin cancer diagnostics. Broader applications remain limited, and it is uncertain whether existing research reflects clinicians' real-world priorities. Identifying these priorities is essential to ensure that AI development addresses genuine clinical needs and supports safe, equitable integration into practice.
Objectives: To identify and prioritise clinician-derived research questions for the application of AI in dermatology through an international, consensus-based electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) study.
Conclusions: This international consensus study identifies clinician-led priorities for AI research in dermatology. The findings provide a roadmap for researchers, funders, and policymakers to align future AI development with clinical needs, supporting equitable, efficient, and relevant innovation in dermatology.
Utharsan Sivakumar, Glenes Armstrong Baafour Awuah, Mayooran Siva
Br J Gen Pract. 2026 May 14;76(suppl 1):bjgp26X744921. doi: 10.3399/bjgp26X744921. Print 2026 May.
Abstract Background: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool allowing for the visualisation of skin lesions with greater clarity than the naked eye. If widely adopted in primary care, it has the potential to make GPs proficient diagnosticians of skin lesions, leading to a more effective 2WW (2 week wait) referral pathway for skin cancer.
Aim: To assess the 2WW pathway's effectiveness for skin lesions in primary care, where a GP incorporated dermoscopy within skin lesion assessment.
Conclusion: Incorporating regular dermoscopy use within primary care alongside adequate training, could result in more efficient GP diagnosticians, reducing the burden of the 2WW pathway on secondary care while improving patient outcomes.
M E Montes Belloso, N Kolakowska, J M Buñuel Granados
Semergen. 2026 May-Jun;52(4):102685. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2026.102685. Epub 2026 Mar 14.
Abstract Introduction and objectives: Magistral compounding is a relevant therapeutic tool in dermatology due to its ability to personalize treatments for common dermatoses. The aim of this study was to describe the use of magistral compounding in dermatological conditions among family physicians belonging to the Dermatology Working Group of SEMERGEN and to identify the most frequently treated clinical entities.
Conclusions: Magistral compounding remains a useful therapeutic option for common dermatoses where treatment personalization provides clinical benefit. Educational and logistical barriers persist, highlighting the need to strengthen specific training and improve coordination with compounding pharmacies.
Yasser M Almansour, Ferdos Abdulkader, Deena Abdel-Gadir, Sarah J Shareef, Mustufa Jafry, Fatima Fahs, Tasneem F Mohammad
Am J Clin Dermatol . 2026 May;27(3):503-514. doi: 10.1007/s40257-026-01020-7. Epub 2026 Mar 12.
Abstract:
Muslim patients may participate in religious and cultural practices that can affect their dermatologic health and influence their preferences regarding care and treatment. In this narrative review, we explore these topics and present culturally sensitive strategies for improving patient care for Muslim communities. We performed a literature review and identified articles published between 2005 and 2025 pertaining to the dermatological health and care of Muslim patients. We first discuss several key religious and cultural topics that can influence Muslim patients' perspectives on and participation with dermatological care, including views on contraception, modesty, divine will, and use of traditional medicines. Next, we summarize some specific religious and cultural prohibitions and observances than can affect dermatologic care, including tenets surrounding medications that contain animal products and the practice of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Lastly, we outline some key dermatoses associated with specific religious practices dermatologists should be aware of to enhance diagnostic accuracy and ensure timely, appropriate care. Importantly, we outline some key recommended clinical practices for providing evidence-based, culturally responsive dermatological care that respects patients' privacy, dignity, and spiritual values. Culturally competent dermatologic practice requires that clinicians understand health conditions and behaviors associated with religious and cultural practices and can employ clinical communication strategies that respect and incorporate patients' personal preferences. Enhanced awareness of the unique cultural and religious factors affecting dermatologic health in Muslim communities can help dermatologists foster trust and provide more effective, patient-centered care.