Another case of plagiarism in India

[Suddhasheel 'Basabi' GHOSH]

http://www.nature.com/nindia/2011/110930/full/nindia.2011.142.html

Nagpur scientists concede plagiarism

K. S. Jayaraman

In yet another case of misconduct, scientists of a large PhD-granting research university in India have confessed having plagiarised a paper from an American scientist.

The institute G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering in Nagpur, Maharashtra has named one of its doctoral students Parag Puranik for copying material from a paper by Lior Shamir, assistant professor of computer science, at the Lawrence Technological University in Southfield, Michigan. The co-authors of the paper, which include the director of the institute, say they had no knowledge of this blatant copying.

American computer scientist Shamir was shocked to notice that an important paper he published in 2006 was recycled and copied not once but thrice by a group of researchers at the Nagpur institute. "I became aware of it recently after I received an anonymous e-mail," Shamir told Nature India.

Shamir said he wanted to complain about this to the head of the Nagpur institute but found to his dismay that the director of the institute Preeti Bajaj was herself a co-author of the offending paper. Shamir also did not contact the editor of the proceedings that published that paper since the "editor and general chair of the conference (where the paper was presented) was also Bajaj and another person (Ajith Abraham), a co-author of that same paper."

Shamir's original paper¹ describes an award winning method that enables computers to automatically identify various colours. "It describes how fuzzy logic can be used to mimic the human perception of colours, and produce an automatic colour identification that is similar to the way colours are perceived by people," Shamir explained.

"The method was used for biomedical image analysis and robot vision, in particular the RoboCup robot soccer competition," Shamir said. It method won an Innocentive award last year. (Innocentive is a private company that works with academia).

Alerted by the e-mail, Shamir searched literature to discover that a paper² published in 2009 by Bajaj and colleagues at the Nagpur institution "expresses the exact same method" that he had published in 2006. "While it is possible that two people can come up with same ideas even without knowing each other, in this case there is a clear case of plagiarism as not only the text but also the figures have been copied," Shamir said.

For instance, Section 2.2 in Bajaj's paper and Section 2.2 in Shamir's paper are nearly identical. "This similarity cannot happen by chance," Shamir notes adding that many other sections in the paper have been copied from his original paper. He says it is the most extreme form of plagiarism where "not just ideas but also full long paragraphs were copied without change.

According to Shamir, the worst plagiarism is probably the figures. Figures 4 and 5 in Bajaj's paper, except for labels, are fully identical to Figure 2 and 3 in his paper and all pixels are exactly at the same place. "Images that I created were copied with minor (yet obvious) editing using Photoshop or similar image editing tools without any reference to the source," he adds.

Shamir says his search of the literature revealed two more of Bajaj's papers³, ⁴ that are very similar to his original paper. "I truly believe that this discussion is important to help prevent similar future incidents and lead to a healthier and more effective academic environment," Shamir told Nature India.

Asked to comment on the allegation, Bajaj expressed surprise. When told that she herself was a co-author of the papers Bajaj said, "There are any number of co-authors. We normally expect the first author to take responsibility," she said in a telephone interview.

Later, in a confession letter to Nature India, doctoral fellow Puranik admitted that he had copied material from Shamir's paper of 2006 despite the fact that his co-authors had asked him to write it in his own words. "My Guide and co-authors do not have any role in this. I assure you that in future such mistakes will not occur," he said in the letter.

Bajaj conceded that the first author had copied from Shamir's paper in their 2009 paper² without her knowledge. She said she had fired Puranik, her doctoral student, after the plagiarism charges came to light. "Research and teaching fields are so respectable that we easily believe each other and these professions are considered across the globe by mutual faith and belief", she added.

However, she and Puranik maintained that the two other papers were original works. Bajaj says she gave the co-researchers the concept to use ANFIS and to compare results of fuzzy and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with it, without the knowledge that Shamir was also working on it. Bajaj says on similar work across the globe, two people may get similar results and so "you cannot have objection." Puranik said he had done advance work in fuzzy image segmentation with PSO.

Talking as the director of the institute she said Puranik was otherwise "very hard working and has done really good work on PSO."

• References

  1. Shamir, L. Human perception-based colour segmentation using Fuzzy Logic, International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (IPCV'06/WORLDCOMP'06), vol. II, 496-505. Las Vegas, NV (2006) Article
  2. Puranik, P. et al. Human Perception-based Color Image Segmentation Using Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (ICETET09), 630-635 (2009) Article)
  3. Puranik, P. et al. Fuzzy based Color Image Segmentation using Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO) - A Design Approach. Lect. Notes Eng. Comp. 2174, 41-43 (2009)
  4. Bujurge, A. et al. ANFIS Based Color Image Segmentation for Extraction of Salient Features: A Design Approach. Int. J. Rec. Trends Eng. Technol. 5 (2011)

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Suddhasheel Basabi GHOSH
Researcher, Geoinformatics Division, Department of Civil Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur, India 208016