

The Roman army moved to Carthage and settled down for a siege after an unsuccessful attempt to scale the city walls. They set up two camps under command of legates: Censorinus's had the primary role of protecting the beached Roman ships, and Manilius's housed the Roman legions. Hasdrubal moved up his army to harass the Roman supply lines and foraging parties. The Romans launched another assault on the city but were repulsed again by the defending Carthaginians. Scipio Aemilianus, the adopted grandson of Scipio Africanus, who was serving as a tribune – a middle-ranking military position – held back his men, and was able to deploy them to beat off the pursuing Carthaginians, preventing heavy losses. a colourful oil painting showing men hauling on a large siege engine Catapulta by Edward Poynter, 1868; modern depiction of a Roman siege engine during the siege of Carthage The camp established by Censorinus was badly situated and, by early summer, was so pestiferous that the Romans were forced to move it to a healthier location. The new location was not as defensible, and the Carthaginians inflicted significant losses on the Roman fleet with fireships. The Romans made these attacks more difficult for the Carthaginians by building additional fortifications. Nevertheless, the Carthaginians repeatedly attacked the camps. In the midst of often confused and chaotic fighting, Scipio distinguished himself by his role in thwarting these assaults; the discipline which he imposed on his troops was in contrast with the behaviour of most of the rest of the Roman army. Manilius decided to strike against the Carthaginians' main camp near Nepheris, despite its strong position and fortifications. Arriving there, Manilius ordered an immediate assault, against Scipio's advice. This initially went well, but the Romans advanced into an untenable position. When they attempted to withdraw, they were attacked by the Car








