निर् vs निस्

[Chitra Ravi]

Namaste

Kindly tell me when to use the upasarga निर् and when to use निस् 

Are there any sutras or sandhi rules to be applied ? 

For example निर्ययौ can be

1)निर् + या धातुः (लिट्) or

2) निस् + या धातुः (लिट्)

I would like to know

A) In the second one how स् becomes र् 

B)  which one is to be used  for निर्ययौ 

Many thanks

Chitra

[Mohan Chettoor]

I am reproducing a previous discussion on this subject in this group for your information-Mohan Chettoor:  S

ubrahmanyam korada

unread,

20 Jun 2012, 20:41:13

to bvpar...@googlegroups.com

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

निः पृथक्करणे खेदे बहिष्कृत्याग्रहे भृशे ।

बोगे’धिश्रयणे शान्तावन्तर्धानपदार्थयोः ॥

आविष्करणसम्पत्त्योः वियोगे द्र्शने सुखे । - क्षीरस्वामी

अभावादिषु च द्रुश्यते --

पृथक्करणे - निष्कासयति , निर्हारः

खेदे - निर्वेदः , निस्सहते

बहिष्कृतौ - निरस्यति , निराचष्टे , निराकरोति

आग्रहे - निर्बन्धः

भृशे - निर्दग्धः , निरीक्षते , निर्जितः

भोगे - निर्वेशः , निरामयः

अधिश्रयणे - निर्वापः

शान्तौ - निर्वाणोग्निः , निर्याणम्

अन्तर्धाने - निष्क्रान्तः

पदार्थे -निर्ज्ञानम्

आविष्करणे - निर्मितिः

सम्पत्तौ - निष्पत्तिः

वियोगे - निश्शल्यम् , निर्गतः

दर्शने -निर्दिष्टम्

सुखे - निर्वृतिः , निर्वेशः ( सुखमेव क्वचित् भृतित्वेन व्यपदिश्यते)

अभावे - निर्मक्षिकम्

गतौ - निर्गतो ग्रामात् निष्त्यः (चण्डालादिः)

both , निस्  and निर् are almost synonymous . But Panini read both in प्रादिगण (1-4-58) --

निर् is required for  णत्व - निरः कुषः(7-2-46) - निर्विण्णः (रषाभ्यां नो णः समानपदे)

निस् is required  for  षत्व - निसस्तपतावनासेवने (8-3-102) - निष्तपति सुवर्णम् 

These details are available in अव्ययकोश , बृहच्छब्देन्दुशेखर  , सरस्वतीकण्ठाभरणम् , शृङ्गारप्रकाश , पदमञ्जरी , न्यास etc.

dhanyo'smi

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[Mohan Chettoor]

A) Nir in Sanskrit glossary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Nir (निर्).—ind. A substitute for निस् (nis) before vowels and soft consonants conveying the senses of 'out of', 'away from'. 'without', 'free from', and be frequently expressed by 'less', 'un', used with the noun; see the compounds given below; see निस् (nis) and cf. अ (a) also.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Nir (निर्).—ind. 1. A particle and prefix implying certainty, assurance. 2. Negation, privation. 2. Outside, out, without, forth. E. nṝ to guide, affix kvip.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Nir (निर्):—[from niḥ] for nis (q.v.) before vowels and soft consonants.

2) Nīr (नीर्):—(ni-√īr), [Causal] (only [imperfect tense] nyairayat), to hurl down upon ([locative case]), [Ṛg-veda vi, 56, 3] (cf. ny-er).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Nir (निर्):—prep. Out, without, forth.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Nir (निर्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Ṇi.

B)Nis (निस्).—ind.

1) As a prefix to verbs it implies separation (away from, outside of), certainty, completeness or fulness, enjoyment, crossing over, transgressing &c.; (for examples see under (nir).

2) As a prefix to nouns, not directly derived from verbs, it forms nouns or adjectives, and has the sense of (a) 'out of', 'away from'; as in निर्वन, निष्कौशाम्बि (nirvana, niṣkauśāmbi); or (b) more usually, 'not', 'without', 'devoid of' (having a privative force); निःशेष (niḥśeṣa) 'without a remainder'; निष्फल, निर्जल (niṣphala, nirjala), &c. N. B. In compound the स् (s) of निस् (nis) is changed to र् (r) before vowels and soft consonants (see nir), to a visarga before sibilants, to श् (ś) before च् (c) and छ् (ch), and to ष् (ṣ) before क् (k) and प् (p); cf. दुस् (dus).

-Mohan Chettoor

[Chitra Ravi]

महान्तः धन्यवादाः महोदय

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