How to look for a word in a Sanskrit dictionary...?

[KN.Ramesh]

How to decipher the nomenclatures in a sanskrit dictionary....??

For example the word मित्र  when searched at http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?beginning=0+&tinput=mitra&trans=Translate&direction=AU

shows grammar as n. This means it is a neuter gender or noun.

The word  मित्र  when searched at Apte gives:

search `mitra' in `Apte Dic'

meanings of "mitra" [1]

m.{a-stem} --- Here, m. denotes masculine gender... Am I right??

1.the sun;

2.name of an aaditya and usually associated with varuNa;

3.the deity presiding over the part of rectum

#37024

meanings of "mitra" [2]

n.{a-stem} --- Here n. denotes neuter gender... Am I right?

1.a friend;

2.an ally

#37025

The word  मित्र  when searched at Lexicon gives:

1	mitra	1 m. (orig. %{mit-tra} , fr. %{mith} or %{mid} ; cf. %{medin}) a friend , companion , associate RV. AV. (in later language mostly n.) ; N. of an A1ditya (generally invoked together with Varun2a cf. %{mitrA-v-} , and often associated with Aryaman q.v. ; Mitra is extolled alone in RV. iii , 59 , and there described as calling men to activity , sustaining earth and sky and beholding all creatures with unwinking eye ; in later times he is considered as the deity of the constellation Anura1dha1 , and father of Utsarga) RV. &c. &c. ; the sun Ka1v. &c. (cf. comp.) ; N. of a Marut Hariv. ; of a son of Vasisht2ha and various other men Pur. ; of the third Muhu1rta L. ; du. = %{mitra4-varuNa} RV. ; (%{A}) ,f. N. of an Apsaras MBh. (B. %{citrA}) ; of the mother of Maitreya and Maitreyi1 S3am2k. on ChUp. BhP. ; of the mother of S3atru-ghna (= %{su-mitrA}) L. (W. %{I}) ; n. friendship RV. ; a friend , companion (cf. m. above) TS. &c , &c. ; (with %{aurasa}) a friend connected by blood-relationship Hit. ; an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called %{ari} , enemy. Mn. vii , 158 &c. , in this meaning also applied to planets VarBr2S.) ; a companion to = resemblance of (gen. ; ifc. = resembling , like) Ba1lar. Vcar. ; N. of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires) MBh. ; a partic. mode of fighting Hariv. (v.l. for %{bhinna}).
2	mitra	2 Nom. P. %{mitrati} , to act in a friendly manner S3atr. In the above the following are not understood by me: m. - Masculine? fr. cf. RV - Rig veda?? AV- atharva veda?? N. Noun..? q.v cf.comp du. TS - Taitriya Samhita? B. Hit. - Hitopadesha? gen. ifc Vcar MBh v.l Nom.P - Nominative Plural? atr. So as per Lexicon, is the word  मित्र masculine? When I searched for the word "mitram" both lexicon & apte did not give any results. It seems you have to search by its stem... Whereas in http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?beginning=0+&tinput=mitram&trans=Translate&direction=AU it is shown as neuter gender but the word is मित्र and not mitram... Does this mean they have dropped the endings and put in the dictionary...  So by inference we have to reckon it as mitram even though it is written as mitra.. the search for the word mitrah at http://sanskritdictionary.com/?iencoding=deva&q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&lang=sans&action=Search gives it as  Word Reference Gender Number Synonyms Definition mitraḥ 3.3.175 Masculine Singular paricchadaḥ, jaṅgamaḥ, khaḍgakośaḥ What does 3.3.175 indicate here?  Other meanings  in this page are: Devanagari BrahmiEXPERIMENTAL मित्र m. (originally mit-tra-,fr. mith-or mid-; see medin-) a friend, companion, associate  (in later language mostly n.)  मित्र m. Name of an āditya- (generally invoked together with varuṇa- see mitrā-v-,and often associated with aryaman- q.v; mitra- is extolled alone in ,and there described as calling men to activity, sustaining earth and sky and beholding all creatures with unwinking eye;in later times he is considered as the deity of the constellation anurādhā-, and father of utsarga-) etc.  मित्र m. the sun  etc. (see compound)  मित्र m. Name of a marut-   मित्र m. of a son of vasiṣṭha- and various other men   मित्र m. of the third muhūrta-   मित्र m. dual number equals mitr/a-varuṇa-   मित्र n. friendship   मित्र n. a friend, companion (see m.above)  etc., etc.  मित्र n. (with aurasa-) a friend connected by blood-relationship   मित्र n. an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called ari-,enemy. ,in this meaning also applied to planets )  मित्र n. a companion to = resemblance of (genitive case; in fine compositi or 'at the end of a compound' = resembling, like)    मित्र n. Name of the god mitra- (enumerated among the 10 fires)   मित्र n. a particular mode of fighting  (varia lectio for bhinna-).  मित्र Nom. P. mitrati-, to act in a friendly manner   So whether the word मित्र is masculine or neuter gender? Any other links for a good sanskrit dictionary will be helpful.. Kindly help or give guidelines as to how to look for a word in a Sanskrit dictionary... Thanks

[hnbhat]

In total you are confused in looking dictionaries of Sanskrit!

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[Taff Rivers]

KN.Ramesh,

'How to decipher the nomenclatures in a sanskrit dictionary....??'

You have to know the magic words as understood by the publishers of the time.

In the case of Apte they are Front Matter and Abbreviations.


          1.  a good sanskrit dictionary.

              http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/AP90Scan/2014/web/index.php

           2.  Front Matter

              http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csldoc/dictionaries/ap90.html
 
          3.  Abbreviations

             http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csldoc/dictionaries/prefaces/ap90pref.html#abbreviations-of-grammatical-terms   

Taff

[ken p]

We need instantly translatable  words in Sanskrit dictionary showing the the source of scripture with a page number /shloka 0r Sentence.

[Irene Galstian]

I agree with Ken P. The way, for example, the OED displays the year of the work and the sentence where the word appears is helpful. It also allows to see how different meanings of the word correspond to different time periods.

On 12 Apr 2017, at 19:17, ken p <drk...@gmail.com> wrote:

We need instantly translatable  words in Sanskrit dictionary showing the the source of scripture with a page number /shloka 0r Sentence.

--

[Taff Rivers]

'We',

    We need instantly translatable words in Sanskrit dictionary showing the the source of scripture with a page number /shloka 0r Sentence.  iti ken p.

    ... also allows to see how different meanings of the word correspond to different time periods. iti  Irene Galstian

        directions to be studied before using this dictionary. iti Apte*



A certain degree of processing power on your device is required to access the already available information in such a manner:

    The scriptures don't come with page numbers, they come with chapter and verse numbers.
    It's only the books of today, including those of the lexicon kind, that have page numbers!
 
    The extant lexicons have an interval of a millennium or two after the origin of the oral scriptures. And even for a given scripture, endless unedifying debate occurs as to which version is the authentic / earliest one.

    Taff,

        All information processing devices are limited, but some are more limited that others.


    *Apte.

        directions-to-be-studied-before-using-this-dictionary

    Scroll down to the Note, no Arabic required:

    –After the Abbreviations given above, where one Arabic figure is followed by another,
    the  former indicates the canto, chapter, part, act, &c., and the latter, the number of the verse.
    A single Arabic figure indicates the page, act, &c.

  

[KN.Ramesh]

Thanks a lot Taff. It was quite helpful.