dvigu (द्विगुः)

[dhaval patel]

Hi all, 

Now the next samAsa type 'dvigu (द्विगुः)'.

To be very frank, I have tried to translate it in English, but I don't know the meaning of the technical words 'ekavadbhAvI' and 'anekavadbhAvI' in the following sentenses...

Can any learned member throw light on them?

Regards Dr. Dhaval

अथ द्विगुः।
द्विगुसमासो द्विविधः - एकवद्भावी अनेकवद्भावी चेति।
एकवद्भावी द्विगुर्यथा - त्रयाणां शृङ्गाणां समाहारः त्रिशृङ्गम्‌। पञ्चानां फलानां समाहारः पञ्चफली॥ अनेकवद्भावी द्विगुर्यथा - सप्त च ते ऋषयश्च सप्तर्षयः ॥
इति द्विगुः॥

Now let' see dvigu samAsa.

It is of two types: ekavadbhAvI and anekavadbhAvI

ekavadbhAvI dvigu: trizRGgam - group of three horns, group of five fruits etc..

anekavadbhAvI dvigu: saptarSi - they are seven and they are all RSis. 

[Eddie Hadley]

Dr,

“To be very frank, I have tried to translate it in English, but I don't know the meaning of the technical words 'ekavadbhAvI' and 'anekavadbhAvI' in the following sentenses...

Can any learned member throw light on them?”

 

The most learned Sir Monier has this to say:

eka-vat

•  ind. like one, simple.

•  as one, as in the case of one, Āp. Pāṇ.  &c. .

•  -°d-bhāva m. the being or becoming like one, aggregation, Comm. on, KātyŚr.  &c. [229,1]

 

 

As for 'anekavadbhAvI' – can the Devanāgarī, be read as “not a collection taken as a whole (but as individual parts).”

“Aggregation” does not have an antonym in English.

 

 

Eddie

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[Eddie Hadley]

Dr,

 

. . . to an English reader, the Sanskrit word for an 'ekavadbhAvI' would be a samūha (समूह).

 

sam-ūha

•  m. (ifc. f. ā) a collection, assemblage, aggregate, heap, number, multitude, AV.  &c.  &c.

•  an association, corporation, community, Mn. Yājñ.  &c.

•  sum, totality, essence, MBh.

•  N. of a divine being(?), MBh. xiii, 4355.

•  (ā), f. (scil. vṛtti) a partic. mode of subsistence, Baudh.

•  (°ha) -kārya n. the business or affairs of a community, MW.

•  -kṣāraka m. civet, L.

•  -gandha m. civet, L. [1170,3]

 

Eddie

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[hnbhat B.R.]

The above is the explanation for एकवद् and एकवद्भावः

given in वाचस्पत्य lexicon of वाचस्पति तारानाथ भट्टाचार्य which is a reliable source for Indian readers. According to the above source, the term means a function in Grammar, which carries the functions prescribed for a single number (noun) such as case-ending suffixes, agreement with verbs, gender etc.

In this case, it is prescribed for both द्विगु and द्वन्द्व compounds. Hence in the context of the text of a grammar, as the one in question, it would mean - एकवद्भावः अस्य अस्तीति - एकवद्भावी - the type of the compound carrying the function एकवद्भाव as described above. In this case it qualifies the noun द्विगु. The type which doesn't carry this function is न एकवद्भावी - अनेकवद्भावी द्विगुः. 

i.e. carrying singular case-endings in all the cases and the type which carries the number according to the number of total members of the compound (singular, two and plural as the case may be).

In this case, the second variety of द्विगु is the designation of the group of seven sages popularly known  as सप्तर्षि-s and this द्विगु is formed in this sense. Hence even though it is referring to the collection of the sages, it is intended to denote the individuals as well.  Hence it is called अनेकवद्भावी. not carrying the function of a singular noun.

-- 
Dr. Hari Narayana Bhat B.R. M.A., Ph.D.,
Research Scholar,

EFEO,
PONDICHERRY - 605 001

--
Dr. Hari Narayana Bhat B.R. M.A., Ph.D.,
Research Scholar,

EFEO,
PONDICHERRY - 605 001

[Eddie Hadley]

Dr,

 

    There is an ambiguity here, that needs clarifying.

 

==>

Hence even though it is referring to the collection of the sages, it is intended to denote the individuals as well.

Hence it is called अनेकवद्भावी (anekavadbhāvī). not carrying the function of a singular noun.

<==

 

As this reads, the words ‘as well’, being inclusive, attribute a double sense to the meaning of अनेकवद्भावी (as a grammatical term).

 

But surely the term is exclusive. Perhaps ‘instead’ is the appropriate adverb.

 

In such a context, a distinction needs be made between the observed and the observer.

The observed being that in front of the eye – whatever that may be, and the observer – he that experiences the whatever.

Does the observer see a forest of words (a singularity) or does he see words (a plurality).

 

He could of course be experiencing both, but the term (अनेकवद्भावी) would exclude that sense – requiring a term for an experience of a third (inclusive) kind.

 

I’m sure most observers have all three experiences.

In the later case we have a triplet, and the term may be ambiguous after all.

 

Eddie

 

 

 

 

 

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[hnbhat B.R.]

Thanks for the detailed observation.

 

In this context of grammar, the term अनेकवद्भावी - excludes the other counterpart in question एकवद्भावी which is a technical designation of the two varieties of द्वन्द्व and द्विगु compound . न एकवद्भावी - नैकवद्भावी. The same can be explained as अनेकवद् भवतीति अनेकवद्भावी, or अनेकवद्भावः अस्यास्तीति अनेकवद्भावी, न एकवद् भवतीति अनेकवद्भावी, different aspects of the same action expressed with different combination of the same words. These may be interpreted in different ways if one wants to.

In the example, सप्त ऋषयः - when in compound, they are used  an epithet of the seven sages :--मरीचि, अङ्गिरस्, अत्रि, पुलस्त्य, पुलह, क्रतु and वसिष्ठ; मरीचिरत्र्यङ्गिरसौ पुलस्त्यः पुलहः क्रतुः । वसिष्ठश्च महातेजास्ते हि चित्रशिखण्डिनः ॥ Mb.12.335.29. 

or the astronomical context the 7 stars of the constellation (Ursa Major). The first are also known by the epithet in plural चित्रशिखण्डिनः.  

 

With regards

[Eddie Hadley]

Dr,

    Thank you for the examples.

 

    It’s beginning to look like dvigu (द्विगु) and dvandva (द्वन्द्व) equate to ‘countable nouns’, which are also known as ‘count nouns, in English grammar. They contrast with ‘uncountable nouns’, otherwise known as ‘mass nouns’.

 

  Ekavad (एकवद्) on the other hand, comes into a different category of noun - ‘collective nouns’ / ‘aggregate nouns’.

 

 

When nouns are viewed, free of their syntactical case relationships with verbs, compounds gain a different category of identity.

 

 

Best wishes,

 

Eddie 

 

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[SL Abhyankar]

नमो नमः श्रीमन् "हरि नारायण भट"-महोदय !

सुष्ठु स्पष्टीकृतं भवता यत् "अनेकवद्भावी"-शब्दस्य द्वौ अर्थौ संपद्येते ।

मनसि जायते, एषः "अनेक"-शब्दः अपि रमणीयः खलु !

अनेकाः  = न एकः एव ते । दृश्यते यत् अस्मिन स्पष्टीकरणे "एव'-शब्दः अपि आवश्यकः ।

अथ किम् "अनेक"-शब्दः सदैव बहुवचनेन योजितव्यः ?

कृपया मार्गदर्शी भवतु । 
सस्नेहम्
अभ्यंकरकुलोत्पन्नः श्रीपादः ।
"श्रीपतेः पदयुगं स्मरणीयम् ।"

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[Eddie Hadley]

SL,

 

    Many word to say so little!

 

       So, अनेकवद्भावी (anekavadbhāvī) is just a mysterious way of saying ‘many’.

        Those old story tellers do love their mysteries – they must have had to spread it out to make a tale last the full hour.

 

    an-eka

        •  mfn. not one, many, much.

        •  separated. [42,2]

 

    Eddie

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