Justin,
I'm not sure what you mean by "safely".
If you installed the minion with packages it should be sufficient to uninstall with your distro's package manager.
If you installed from source, you need to go to your distribution's Python site-packages directory and remove salt from there, for example
rm -rf /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/salt*
rm /usr/bin/salt*
rm -rf /var/cache/salt
rm -rf /var/run/salt
(on some distros a 'python setup.py install' will put everything in /usr/local. On some Debian-based distros 'site-packages' is actually 'dist-packages'. YMMV, check file locations carefully)
There will also be files in /etc/salt that you may or may not wish to keep if you plan on reinstalling the minion.
As far as reinstalling, again, if you used your distro's package manager, just follow standard procedure.
If you installed from source, 'python setup.py install' from the git checkout should do it.
Obviously this is all a problem if you are trying to do it via Salt itself. You might apply some of the ideas here
to get around the chicken-vs-egg problem.
--cro