Etap Base Module

[Adah]

Thedevelopment of a multiphase booster pump system started in 1987 and multiphase meters in 1990. Framo Engineering has gained experience with more than 30,000 running hours from several field pump installations and a number of applications are underway or planned:

Multiphase boosting is simply the ability to add energy or pressure to an unprocessed well flow. The two subsea booster pumps will increase the production from the Machar Field by minimum 4,000 b/d of oil by adding 21.5 bar (312 psi) pressure to the unprocessed wellstream. This will mean a total of 4,000 b/d of oil extra production. The recoverable reserves for the field will increase 65-120 million bbl.

In the early days of the Machar field's life, the reservoir will be sufficiently energetic to push the product all the way back to the CPF without any assistance. Water injection, soon after first oil, will maintain the reservoir pressure at, or close to, the virgin reservoir pressure and hence increase the recoverable reserves.

However, significant water breakthrough is expected within two years of first oil. Therefore, to help maintain plateau oil production, some of the energy in the injection water will be used to drive two parallel turbine driven multiphase booster pumps in the main production line to push the production 35.2 km back to the CPF.

The two multiphase booster pumps will be installed 30 meters downstream of Machar's production manifold at 84.5 meters depth. They will be installed in a separate structure, which is a common base structure with the water injection valve module. A common homogenizer or flow mixer will be installed immediately upstream of the two pumps in order to smooth out the effects of any slugging. The homogenizer will also provide optimum conditions for dividing the production into two equal flow streams, one for each parallel booster pump.

High-pressure injection water from the CPF gives the necessary power to each multiphase pump. Under normal operation, the full injection water flow rate of 65,000 b/d is routed through the two parallel turbine drivers (32,500 b/d for each) with a pressure drop of 2,175 psi over each pump package at nominal conditions.

Isolation valves have been specified to accommodate full isolation of the booster stations in the case of equipment failures, scheduled maintenance, or for general safety reasons during production. The production can then be routed through the main production lines to the platform (to the extent that the wells can produce on natural drive).

The mechanical design is based on Framo technology, applied to heavy duty rotating equipment operating at high speeds, high pressures, and high power ratings. The retrievable pump package consists of, from the top:

The basic maintenance philosophy for ETAP is "maintenance-through-replacement." Pump installation and maintenance will be carried out from a light intervention vessel. A complete spare booster pump is available for replacement of either of the two 50% units in operation.

Change-out of the retrievable pump unit is very simple and is carried out with a running tool. Both booster pump units are individually diverless retrievable by a remote operated running tool guided by guide wires and guide posts. The installation and retrieval procedure is here outlined:

Oil, gas and water flowrates in addition to pressure and temperature for the unprocessed well fluid will be measured before it flows to the Marnock platform. Subsea metering was found by BP to be the method of the optimum well testing.

BP, Marathon, and Western Mining Corp. selected the subsea multiphase meter design which utilizes a barrel-styled meter with an insert cartridge incorporating all active instruments. The insert is locked into the barrel and equipped with metal seals for full pressure integrity.

The receiver barrel with the integrated mixer is permanently installed on the subsea structure and includes no active elements. There are no requirements for straight pipe lengths upstream or downstream the meter. The receiver barrel also serves as the inlet and outlet housing and functions as a guide and support for installation of the insert cartridge.

The sampling valves are mounted on the panel of the insert cartridge. The bottle is filled by opening the ROV operated sampling valve. When the valve is closed, the bottle is released and brought to the surface by the ROV, where complete liquid samples (oil and produced water) can be analyzed with standard laboratory equipment.

The multiphase meter is field-proven and fully commercialized. The first three subsea meters in the world are operating successfully: one in Marathon's West Brae Field and two in the East Spar Field off Australia. The ETAP meters will be in operation by spring next year.

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Synopsis of Program: Focus On Recruiting Emerging Climate and Adaptation Scientists and Transformers (FORECAST) seeks to facilitate the transition from status quo graduate career preparation to a student-centered model with a particular emphasis on building entrepreneurial and innovation capacity at emerging research institutions (ERIs). Transformers are scientists ready to tackle the challenges the nation and world are facing due to climate change. This opportunity will adopt the spirit of multiple directives for the research community; for example, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report on Earth System Science and the Advisory Committee for Environmental Research and Education report on Engaged Research. These directives call on the research enterprise to support the building of a robust scientific workforce ready to work with communities in addressing societal challenges. Through convergence research approaches to address societal challenges, the transdisciplinary researchers engaged in FORECAST will foster community resilience and the translation of research outcomes for societal benefits, as well as gain a broader understanding of the governmental context related to these issues. A new generation of scientists trained in "engaged research" will be expected to have a national impact in communities that may be disproportionately affected by climate change impacts. The program will build cohorts of innovative scholars from the full spectrum of diverse talent at emerging research institutions to include groups historically excluded in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Participants, who are senior students in undergraduate programs and students who are in master's degree programs, will be supported through intentional professional development activities. FORECAST participants must be US citizens or permanent residents.

FORECAST proposals will fall into three categories: Track 1, Track 2, and FORECAST Planning grants. Track 1 will support one Coordination Hub, to coordinate support for rising seniors from emerging research institutions (ERIs) or historically excluded and underserved groups as part of a national cohort to participate in structured professional development opportunities. Track 2 projects will support cohorts of Master's degree students at ERIs. Mentorship and capacity building should be central to the cohort approach. FORECAST Planning grant proposals will build capacity at ERI institutions and with the appropriate partners to undertake the activities necessary to establish a future FORECAST track 2 cohort.

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It is critical to consider who is presently involved in science and how we can build a workforce that reflects the diversity of the nation, a theme also reflected in the recent Congressionally approved CHIPS and Science Act. Many of the communities that are most vulnerable to natural hazards and environmental change include significant populations of groups that historically have not been included in STEM fields or in the development of STEM research.

This solicitation strives to create a community of scientists ready to tackle the challenges the nation and world are facing due to climate change, who know the means and vehicles available to them to meet that challenge, and who can effectively work within established social, economic, and social justice fabric to ensure implementation and sustainability of solutions co-designed with parties in need of climate resilience. Success in this arena requires new, creative, entrepreneurial ways of thinking, project selection, and problem solving, as well as awareness of the broader governmental context that affects climate resilience implementation, in ways that have not been part of traditional graduate education and training. This solicitation changes that dynamic with an emphasis on social entrepreneurship, engaging with communities to understand their needs in climate mitigation and working with them to devise workable solutions that they can implement and that can be translated to other communities with similar needs. It also provides an understanding of the entrepreneurial process and the means and process of leading and successfully spinning off components of successful solutions to the economy.

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