Considerplot(Graph({1:[2],1:[3]}))I would expect two edges. Instead the vertex 2 isn't even there. Is this a bug or a feature? The documentation for this way of entering graphs is pretty terse so I was quite surprised by this outcome.
Sage never comes into play here. Dictionary literals ("Dictionary displays" in official python lingo) are defined to be evaluated left-to-right, in order. See https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#dictionary-displays