Thanks, Maxime.
Here is what I did.
Starting from scratch, cloned develop branch, make, make pytest, make ptestlong with no problems.
New branch with a very minor modification in one file (typo in a doc string).
So I think this applies:
Rebuilding Sage
Once you have made any changes you of course want to build Sage and try out your edits. As long as you only modified the Sage library (that is, Python and Cython files under src/sage/...) you just have to run:
./sage -br
to rebuild the Sage library and then start Sage. This should be quite fast. If you made changes to third-party packages, then you have to run
make build
as if you were installing Sage from scratch.
Of course make build works, but my question is why ./sage -br fails with