Currently Sage does not have anything in this respect. There is a
Sage workshop in Los Angeles next week with a theme of combinatorics
and graph theory. This is one topic that would be good to work on.
I've added it to the coding sprints page:
http://wiki.sagemath.org/days7/sprints
If you have an internet connection and the elements in your sequence
are integers, you can use Sloane's database from within sage using the
command sloane_find.
sage: sloane_find([i^2 for i in range(1, 20)])
Searching Sloane's online database...
[[290,
'The squares: a(n) = n^2.',
[0,
1,
4,
...
--Mike