I'm actually having trouble with mathjax on Fedora 38 in the Jupyter notebook at the moment. With the system-provided jupyter notebook I'm getting really poor typesetting results (it looks like it's just trying to approximate typesetting without any specific math fonts). When I run `sage --notebook` things are fine. I suspect I could do some analysis and see where sage's mathjax lives (and which extension jupyter is using for that) and then point my system jupyter at that, but it sounds that would go in exactly the opposite direction of where the ticket is going.
Googling a bit leads me to believe this is a wider problem: jupyter seems to have decided to ship a stripped-down mathjax to save space and people are having trouble convincing it to use a proper mathjax. If your investigations lead to instructions on how to do this, I think a lot of people will be thankful (quite frankly, I'd hope someone can just package mathjax-full as a jupyter extension that people can just install to get proper typesetting).