I think it's due to
https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/34547. That ticket was created because with the old behavior in Sage, instance of Octave(), Mathematica(), etc. were created when Sage started up, regardless of the availability of the corresponding software. Once those became lazy imports, they are apparently not detected by the code in sage/repl/interface_magic.py. We could restore the old non-lazy imports, or we could not be so clever about magic commands and define them manually, or there are probably other solutions.
The following sequence of commands seems to restore them, at least in the command line (haven't tested the notebook), if you want a short-term fix:
from sage.repl.interface_magic import InterfaceMagic
import sage.interfaces.all
sage.interfaces.all.__dict__
InterfaceMagic.register_all()