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Faustina Bartsch
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Cards are mentioned on several occasions in Jane Austen's novels, and in a whole variety of ways. This got us thinking about the types of card games that were played in her lifetime, and the Georgian period more generally.
By the eighteenth century, people no longer had to make their own cards. Towards the end of the sixteenth century, Britain had begun manufacturing her own playing cards, modelled on those that had been imported from Rouen, France. Over time, the design was subtly changed and in around 1860 the first double headed cards were manufactured in England, and eventually spread to the rest of the world in the late nineteenth century,
According to Felicity Day, "Britain was a nation addicted to gaming" by the time George II came to the throne in 1727. A game called 'hazard' had become particularly popular and involved placing wagers on the throw of dice. As its name would suggest, it was hazardous for those who bet money on the results of the dice, as making or losing a fortune was all subject to chance. Several laws were put in place to try and stop the game of hazard being played, although to what extent it was actually effective is hard to say. Although hazard was not a card game, we want to discuss it here because it lead to the development of the game 'faro' which involved betting on the dealing of cards, rather than dice. This was a particular favourite with the ladies, alongside 'whist' and 'speculation'.
Commerce was a card game that became popular particularly in the Regency period and had many aspects that we would identify today as elements of modern poker. Commerce involved scoring by using pairs, triples, straights, and flushes, and trading cards until someone refuses and the best hand wins.
Whist was another card game that became popular in Jane's lifetime and is mentioned by Lady Bertram in Mansfield Park, who asks her husband Sir Thomas for advice on which card game she might enjoy most, whilst or speculation. Sir Thomas advises in favour of speculation over whist, for "he was a whist player himself, and perhaps might feel that it would not much amuse him to have her for a partner". Whist was very much like bridge, although without a round of betting. It was this lack of betting that made many feel it was the more appropriate card game for women.
In the final chapters of Persuasion, Jane mentions card playing when Anne Elliot says to Captain Wentworth "I am no card-player", and he replies "You were not formerly, I know. You did not use to like cards, but time makes many changes". This quote is particularly interesting to revisit when thinking about how Anne had refused Captain Wentworth on the advice of Lady Russell, and yet even with the passage of much time she remained quite in love with him.
People still very much enjoy playing cards today and there are a great variety of different games that can be played with a simple card deck, although generally with less betting. If this blog has got you thinking about the card games you have played in the past, why not take a look at our collection of Jane Austen Games, including a charming deck of illustrated Jane Austen Playing And Tarot Cards.
My husband and I enjoy playing cards.
As a Jane Austen lover it is great fun to have
Card playing have a role in her novels.Through her depiction of card games, she once again hooks me with her wit and characters.
There is an assumption that all women in the eighteenth and early nineteenth-century needed or wanted a husband to secure their position in society, although for some this was not the case. Whether they succeeded on not we may never know, but they certainly tried to be self-supporting.
There are many for occupations traditionally associated with women, such as fabric and frock sellers, but I wanted to look at the unusual ones, so my next offering is a seller of plates for coffins, near Newgate, London.
The final offering is Dorothy Mercier, printseller, stationer. Dorothy ne Clapham was the widow of the artist Phillipe Mercier (1689- 1760). She would buy and sell old prints and frames. She also sold writing paper, vellum, drawing paper, lead pencils, chalks, paintbrushes, watercolours, so she would have been very popular with the artists of the day. Oddly she also sold ladies fans. She was also something of an artist as she was selling her own paintings of flowers too. Quite the entrepreneur.
I have seen many trade cards in my career, presumably all for men. But even if a woman did not have a husband at all, or did not expect her husband to secure her position in society, I assumed that a woman would not put her own name and face on a business herself.
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No room or suite at the Georgian is exactly the same, but all are decorated in tones of blue, gold, and red with the effortless style. Unwind with complimentary yoga mats and fitness classes on the in-room television, or get ready in the bathroom equipped with Harry Josh hair driers, R+Co bath products, marble finishes, and gold-toned fixtures.
Take a beach cruiser down the Santa Monica boardwalk and peruse the local shops. Enjoy live music at Sirena and The Georgian Room. Take a dip in the Pacific, or indulge in seafaring by renting an Italian-designed Riva yacht.
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