Biology Unit 4

[Sean Vaidhyanathan]

TheForensic Biology/DNA Unit uses high quality technology and scientific processes to detect, collect, and interpret the results from biological evidence. Comprised of two mutually exclusive but overlapping disciplines, forensic serology and forensic DNA, the unit will examine various types of evidence to find biological materials containing potential DNA. Analysis of the DNA can provide investigative leads, identify potential suspects, and assist in court proceedings.

The role of forensic serology is to detect and identify the presence of biological evidence. Highly skilled analysts may use specialized equipment to locate possible biological stains, and then conduct appropriate chemical and microscopic testing for the determination of type and origin of biological material present. Serological tests are used in the identification of blood and/or semen. When the suspected DNA source is saliva and/or epithelial cells (skin cells), serological testing is not conducted. These samples proceed directly to the DNA process.

Forensic DNA analysis is a multi-step process which involves the extraction of DNA from biological material, quantitation of human and/or male DNA present, amplification of DNA, and finally, interpretation the DNA data. The actual DNA profile is a product of the amplification of 22 short tandem repeats, providing statistical weight to the DNA results. The generated forensic profiles are compared to reference DNA samples for potential contributors or searched within the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database of previous offenders.

This form should ONLY be used to provide feedback about the website. If you need customer service such as a noise complaint, property violation or assistance from any Metro department, please submit a hubNashville request.

AP Biology is an introductory college-level biology course. Students cultivate their understanding of biology through inquiry-based investigations as they explore topics like evolution, energetics, information storage and transfer, and system interactions.

Based on the Understanding by Design (Wiggins and McTighe) model, this course framework provides a clear and detailed description of the course requirements necessary for student success. The framework specifies what students must know, be able to do, and understand, with a focus on the big ideas that encompass core principles, theories, and processes of the discipline. The framework also encourages instruction that prepares students for advanced work in STEM majors.

The AP Biology framework is organized into eight commonly taught units of study that provide one possible sequence for the course. As always, you have the flexibility to organize the course content as you like.

Higher education professionals play a key role in developing AP courses and exams, setting credit and placement policies, and scoring student work. The AP Higher Education section features information on recruitment and admission, advising and placement, and more.

This chart shows recommended scores for granting credit, and how much credit should be awarded, for each AP course. Your students can look up credit and placement policies for colleges and universities on the AP Credit Policy Search.

The AP Program is unique in its reliance on Development Committees. These committees, made up of an equal number of college faculty and experienced secondary AP teachers from across the country, are essential to the preparation of AP course curricula and exams.

Through ongoing partnership with teachers across New York City, New Visions has developed this course map for a high school biology course fully designed to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the New York State Science Learning Standards (NYSSLS). Each unit follows a common structure: students engage with an anchor phenomenon and develop questions; go through sequences of learning and sense-making to develop and iterate on answers to those questions; then complete a three-dimensional performance task.

Materials created by New Visions are shareable under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license; materials created by our partners and others are governed by other license agreements. For more details, please see this page.

CNAS offers B.A. and B.S. degrees in Biology. Both programs are based on the conviction that broad undergraduate training in biology and the physical sciences, together with study in the humanities and social sciences, are fundamental to the education of a biologist. The degrees differ only in that 16 units of a foreign language are required for the B.A., whereas the B.S. requires 16 additional units in substantive courses in biology or in related fields.

The research and teaching of the department includes the different levels of biological organization: cellular, developmental, physiological, organismal, ecological, and populational. An overview of processes at all these levels is presented in the introductory courses (BIOL 005A, BIOL05LA, BIOL 005B, and BIOL 005C), and emphasis is placed on the unifying principles of the discipline.

Because of the diversity within biology and the wide range of career options, considerable latitude is allowed in selecting upper-division biology courses for the 36 units required for the major. Ordinarily, most of the 36 upper-division units required are selected from courses offered by the Department of Biology. With advisor approval, some courses in other departments (e.g., Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Neuroscience) may be counted as biology courses in meeting upper-division unit requirements.

CNAS Professional Academic Advisors provide students with individual guidance throughout their academic careers at UCR and help them achieve realistic academic goals. Professional Academic Advisors can assist you with declaring or changing your major or minor, course repeats, the process for taking courses outside of UCR, taking a leave from UCR, and questions about withdrawing or readmitting to UCR.

A Lead Faculty Advisor is assigned for each major. Faculty advisors are available to assist students with guidance regarding graduate or professional school, opportunities to participate in research, independent study, or internships. Faculty advisors also may provide students with advice and mentoring regarding career goals.

Cells are tremendously variable in their shapes and sizes, yet all cells share common properties. They all face the challenge of generating energy from food molecules that they will use to move, grow, and reproduce. This unit provides an overview of molecules and processes that make up the inner workings of the cell.

What are the specialized components of a cell? Some parts of a cell are universal to all types, and some are specific to certain tissues and organisms.The eukaryotic cell cytoplasm contains a variety of membrane-enclosed compartments, called organelles, and each has a specialized function. How are these organelles organized within the cytoplasm? In this unit, you will learn about membrane-bound cell compartments called organelles, which are essential to cell structure and function.

Mitochondria are fascinating structures that create energy to run the cell. Learn how the small genome inside mitochondria assists this function and how proteins from the cell assist in energy production.

Cells do not exist in isolation. They are constantly receiving and sending signals to other cells and to themselves. How do cells sense their environment and initiate responses to signals they receive? This unit introduces the biochemical pathways that cells use to process information from their environment.

The large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contains a diverse group of membrane-bound signaling molecules. Learn how activated GPCRs relay messages by heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins.

The ability to reproduce is one of the defining characteristics of cells. Intricate cellular controls ensure that cell division is accurate and occurs only under the appropriate conditions. What happens when these control systems go awry? In this unit, you will learn about the cell cycle, the molecules that control it, and how slight alterations in the cycle can lead to large-scale changes in tissues and whole organisms.

Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the process of using science to resolve legal issues. This is done by applying many different fields of science, including anthropology, biology, chemistry, engineering, genetics, medicine, pathology, voice analysis, psychiatry, and toxicology to matters in which the law has become involved.

The related term criminalistics refers more specifically to the scientific collection, evaluation, and analysis of physical evidence in criminal investigations. This includes the analysis of many kinds of materials, including blood, fibers, bullets, drugs, documents, and fingerprints. Many law enforcement agencies operate crime laboratories that perform scientific evaluation and analysis of evidence. At the Honolulu Police Department the Scientific Investigation Section provides these services.

Guided by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), inquiryHub High School Biology embeds community science into curriculum. Using research-based approaches to teaching science in a deeply digital environment, students contribute resources, observations, data, and analyses to solve larger scientific problems.

inquiryHub Biology is designed to go beyond traditional science content. By focusing on phenomena relevant to students' lives and communities, the course provides opportunities to authentically engage with science and engineering practices. The combination of community science, technology, and a focus on science and engineering practices has been shown to help students feel more like scientists, including the belief that their ability to do science can make a difference in their world (Bang & Medin, 2010; Calabrese Barton & Tan, 2010; Roth & Lee, 2003; Shutt, Vye, & Bransford, 2011; Tzou & Bell, 2010).

3a8082e126