According to the biblical narrative, the first set of tablets, inscribed by the finger of God, (Exodus 31:18) were smashed by Moses when he was enraged by the sight of the Children of Israel worshiping a golden calf (Exodus 32:19) and the second were later chiseled out by Moses and rewritten by God (Exodus 34:1).
According to traditional teachings of Judaism in the Talmud, the stones were made of blue sapphire as a symbolic reminder of the sky, the heavens, and ultimately of God's throne. Many Torah scholars, however, have opined that the biblical sapir was, in fact, lapis lazuli (see Exodus 24:10, lapis lazuli is a possible alternate rendering of "sapphire" the stone pavement under God's feet when the intention to craft the tablets of the covenant is disclosed Exodus 24:12).[2]
In recent centuries the tablets have been popularly described and depicted as round-topped rectangles, but this has little basis in religious tradition. According to rabbinic tradition, they were rectangles, with sharp corners,[3] and indeed they are so depicted in the 3rd-century paintings at the Dura-Europos Synagogue and in Christian art throughout the 1st millennium CE,[4] drawing on Jewish traditions of iconography.
According to the Talmud, each tablet was square, six tefachim (approximately 50 centimeters, or 20 inches) wide and high, and more a thicker block than a tablet, at three tefachim (25 centimeters, 10 inches) thick,[6][7] though they tend to be shown larger in art. (Other Rabbinic sources say they were rectangular rather than square, six tefachim high and three wide and deep.[citation needed]) Also according to tradition, the words were not engraved on the surface, but rather were bored fully through the stone.[citation needed]
Replicas of the tablets, known as tabots or sellats, are a vital part of the practice of Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which claims that the original Ark of the Covenant is kept in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Axum.[8]
Updated Dec. 6, 2023: The original findings were published in a paper in May 2023 in the journal Heritage Science. In December 2023, archaeologists skeptical of the find published three articles arguing that the so-called curse tablet may actually be a fishing weight, and what looked like Hebrew letters on it were made by natural weathering.
While the dating hasn't been verified and the find hasn't been published in a peer-reviewed journal yet, its discoverers think the tablet is at least 3,200 years old.That would make the inscription the earliest-known Hebrew text by several hundred years, and the first to contain the Hebrew name of God, they say.
However, several archaeologists who were not involved with the discovery say they can't assess the find until details of it are published in a scientific journal; and at least one expert cautions the tablet may not be as old as its discoverers claim.
Project leader Scott Stripling, an archaeologist and the director of excavations for the U.S.-based Associates for Biblical Research (ABR), told Live Science that his team found the curse tablet high on Mount Ebal, just north of the city of Nablus, in December 2019.
The newly-found object is the only known example of a "curse tablet" found at the site, although they are common at Jewish sites elsewhere that date from the much later Hellenistic and Roman periods, after about the late fourth century B.C., Stripling said.
If the date can be verified, the inscription on the curse tablet would push back the earliest-known date for literacy among the ancient Israelites by several hundred years; until now, the earliest evidence was the Khirbet Qeiyafa Inscription, dating from about the 10 century B.C., according to researchers at Israel's University of Haifa.
No detailed analysis of the claims would be possible until a scholarly article is published on the discovery, Finkelstein said; but he noted the curse tablet wasn't found in a clear archaeological context during an excavation, but in a pile of debris dating from an excavation in the 1980s.
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S7 blows away every other Android tablet. If you want a cheap tablet to read books, watch videos and play a few games, then consider a Kindle Fire. But if you want the best Android tablet available, then buy the Samsung Galaxy Tab S7 or S7+. I have a friend who is an Apple fan through and through. He said the Tab S7 is good enough to make him consider switching, almost.
In addition to Bible apps, I use the Kindle app and read PDF files on my tablet. The screen may seem a little large for some, especially compared to a Kindle or smaller Kindle Fire. But I like it. I am getting older and can boost the font size to easily read.
Using the tablet is great. I think Microsoft needs to make their Reading Mode work on Android the same as iOS. You can swipe left/right like a notebook or scroll up down on iOS. You can scroll up/down on Android.
Presenting requires connecting the tablet to an external display or projector. I use a USB C to HDMI cable for a reliable connection. Hook that up to a projector, as I do. Then I fire up Microsoft PowerPoint.
I plugged my Samsun Galaxy Tab S7 into a monitor using a USB C to HDMI cable. Then I paired a Bluetooth mouse and keyboard to the tablet. The screen shows up on the monitor and works as a desktop computer.
People who only want a tablet for reading, playing light games, watching videos, and doing some basic Internet activities, should really consider one of the very inexpensive Amazon Kindle Fire tablets. Get whatever size you prefer.
Thus far, only preserved text contained within the folded tablet has been translated and published as part of the press release; the more heavily damaged script on the outside of the tablet is still being studied. A peer-reviewed article on the discovery is currently in process and will be published later this year by Stripling, Galil, van der Veen, Ivana Kumpova, Jaroslav Valach, Daniel Vavrik and Michal Vopalensky.
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I enjoy using an iPad. It is, in my opinion, one of the most impressive devices yet invented. In one light-weight, travel-sized tablet the user has everything at his fingertips. That includes not only the typical social media apps that every user has on his smartphone, but also countless tools that have characterized the laptop or even the home television.
And yet I am finding that cutting-edge, 21st-century technology is subtly but quickly changing important, even indispensable aspects of Christianity. Consider just one example: the ever-growing tendency to substitute a physical, visible Bible (remember . . . the ones where you lick your finger and turn the pages) with a tablet in the pulpit.
First, the tablet as a replacement for a hardcopy of the Bible sends an entirely different message to the congregation. Yes, this tablet contains the digital text of the Bible, but visually that tablet represents so much more. It is an icon of social media and a buffet of endless entertainment. Ask my children. The sight of an iPad screams instant access to Sesame Street on Netflix. For the adult, the tablet is an immediate window into his or her social life. As advertised, the iPad is ESPN Magazine, a Visa card statement, decorating ideas on Pinterest, hotel reservations in Hawaii, the latest college football scores, Adele on iTunes, directions to the nearest Starbucks, instant tracking of the stock market, and, oh yes, the Bible, alongside thousands of your favorite e-books.
The brief tradition in Exodus 24:12-15,[15] in contrast, reports of a divinely inscribed law on stone tablets handed over to Moses on the mountain for the instruction of the people.[16] It was originally unrelated to the account of the Decalogue and the Book of the Covenant that now precedes it.
The Midrash Hagadol understands the תורה ומצוה of Exodus 24:12 as a reference to the entire Pentateuch, which God wrote as a heavenly book, in addition to the Decalogue, which he wrote on the tablets. The Midrash has no difficulty affirming that God wrote a document containing much more than the Decalogue.[20]
The idea of a heavenly Torah appears in Rabbinic literature and goes back to Second Temple works such as the book of Jubilees.[21] In fact, the conception of heavenly books and tablets serving various functions, though well attested in post-biblical literature, has its earliest roots in Sumer and is attested in quite a few biblical passages.[22]
One problem with the suggestion that according to Exodus, the tablets were inscribed with something other than the Decalogue is that Exodus 34 does seem to identify the stone tablets of 24:12 with the Decalogue, albeit in a roundabout way.[26] After convincing God not to destroy the Israelites, Moses is told that he will be given a new set of tablets with the same content as the first set:
This conclusion, however, is not as sound as it appears. First, it is extremely odd that the first and only explicit reference in the book of Exodus to the divine writing of the Decalogue of Exodus 20 on the tablets is found toward the end of the story of the second tablets!
It thus seems that Exodus 34:1 has been redacted to connect the account of tablets written on the mountain in Exodus 34 to that of the previous tablets referenced in 32, as Richard Elliott Friedman has argued.[27] Originally, God merely tells Moses, for the first time, to carve tablets, upon which God will tell him to engrave the Ten Words after they are revealed (Exod 34:1, indented text is supplementary):
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