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A cutter is a name for various types of watercraft. It can apply to the rig (sail plan) of a sailing vessel (but with regional differences in definition), to a governmental enforcement agency vessel (such as a coast guard or border force cutter), to a type of ship's boat which can be used under sail or oars, or, historically, to a type of fast-sailing vessel introduced in the 18th century, some of which were used as small warships.
Government agencies use the term "cutter" for vessels employed in patrolling their territorial waters and other enforcement activities. This terminology is derived from the sailing cutters which had this sort of role from the 18th century to the end of the 19th century. (See below.) Whilst the details vary from country to country, generally these are small ships that can remain at sea for extended periods and in all usual weather conditions. Many, but not all, are armed. Uses include control of a country's borders and preventing smuggling.
The watermen of London used similar boats in the 18th century often decorated as depicted in historical prints and pictures of the River Thames in the 17th and 18th centuries. The modern waterman's cutter is based on drawings of these boats. They are 34 feet (10 m) long with a beam of 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m). They can have up to six oarsmen either rowing or sculling and can carry a cox and passengers. The organisers of the Great River Race developed the modern version in the 1980s and now many of the fleet of 24 compete annually in this "Marathon of the River". Watermen's cutters also compete annually in the Port of London Challenge, and the Port Admirals' Challenge. Cutter races are also to be found at various town rowing and skiffing regattas. In addition the cutters perform the role of ceremonial Livery Barges with the canopies and armorial flags flying on special occasions.[10]
As most early pilots were local fisherman who undertook both jobs, although licensed by the harbour to operate within their jurisdiction, pilots were generally self-employed, and the quickest transport meant greater income. As their fishing boats were heavy working boats, and filled with fishing equipment, they needed a new type of boat; early boats were developed from single masted fishing cutter designs and twin masted yawls, and latterly into the specialist pilot cutter.
The term cutter is also used for any seaworthy vessel used in the law enforcement duties of the United Kingdom's Border Force, the United States Coast Guard (because of its descent from the Revenue Cutter Service) or the customs services of other countries.
In the United States, the early Revenue Cutter Service operated customs cutters that were commonly schooners or brigs. In Britain, they were usually rigged as defined under Sailing (above). The British Board of Customs also used other vessels as hulks, which were moored in places such as tidal creeks. Customs officers worked from the hulks in smaller boats.
In the UK, the Border Force (successor to the UK Border Agency and HM Customs and Excise) currently operates a fleet of 42 m corvette-type vessels throughout UK territorial waters as border cutters, inspecting vessels for illicit cargoes.
The U.S Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) 37 is one of the famed Secretary of the Treasury Class Coast Guard cutters built in the mid-1930's. Commissioned in 1936 as USCGC TANEY, Cutter 37 was designed for law enforcement missions, search and rescue, and maritime patrol. She was decommissioned in 1986 and designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1988 after contributing to more than 50 years of continuous service.
I bought five of the best-selling gingerbread cookie cutters and decided to put them to the test. Three of the sets featured only gingerbread people, while two of them had a gingerbread person as well as other seasonal shapes like Christmas trees and snowflakes. To keep things as fair as possible, I only included the results from the gingerbread people in my ranking, but I did test the other shapes as well.
Crucially, this set comes with five different sizes of gingerbread person. The largest measures 4.85x3.82", which is a great size for little kids who are still honing their piping skills to decorate. The smallest cookie cutter in the set has a 1.18" diameter and produces gingerbread cookies so tiny and adorable they will make you want to cry. There are three sizes in between, all of which produce clean-cut cookies that are clearly recognizable as gingerbread people.
If you want more variety, the brand also makes a nine-piece set that comes with one gingerbread person as well as other shapes like a Christmas tree, a bell, and a snowflake. They have the same ergonomic holders, and most of the cookie cutters are around 3x2".
Are you a new student at the CBE and interested in becoming certified to use our laser cutters? Please follow this link: forms.gle/FmUHfyVnyb6PwNck9 and fill out the google form to sign up for a training session. Sessions will typically be hosted the first three weeks of each quarter and take place in Gould 137, the digital hub.
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