Hi Derek,
As far as I remember, my update rates where that low as well
(my config). Have you disabled Xserver on RPi and reassigned the memory, Headless? (won't really help)
I also have no clue, why this is so low. It's not the USB, because a Webcam and streaming through ROS in Parallel had no Influence on these rates.
Hava a look in "Status of development".I think the ROS-Wrapper should be rewritten with nxt-python 2.2.2
Since it's better on a PC, maybe it's worth a try on RPi3 (and maybe assigning the Process its own Core). (I also don't have one)