Corona Sdk System Requirements

[Lorin Cupples]

Ithink you may be seeing an old version of the documentation and system requirements. Here is the current version, updated as of this morning, pertaining to the current public build (#2511). Note that OpenGL 2.1 or above is required:

Healthcare facilities have ventilation requirements in place to help prevent and control infectious diseases that are associated with some healthcare environments. For more information, see the CDC Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities.

Non-healthcare (e.g., businesses and schools) building owners and managers should, at a minimum, maintain building ventilation systems according to state and local building codes and applicable guidelines. Ensuring appropriate outdoor air and ventilation rates is a practical step to ensure good indoor air quality. However, these codes do not address infection prevention in non-healthcare buildings and code minimum ventilation may be insufficient to protect indoor occupants under some circumstances (e.g., high incidence rates, occupants near one another, crowded spaces, etc.)."}},"@type": "Question","name": "2. How long will it take to dilute the concentration of infectious particles in a room once they are generated?","acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer","text": "The time required for dilution will depend on room ventilation airflow and its effectiveness.

While large droplets (100 micrometers [m] and larger) will settle to surrounding surfaces within seconds, smaller particles can stay suspended in the air for much longer. It can take several minutes for particles 10 m in size to settle, while particles 5 m and smaller may not settle for hours or even days. Dilution ventilation and particle filtration are commonly used to remove these smaller particles from the air. Larger particles can also be removed using these strategies, but since they fall out of the air quickly, they might not have a chance to get captured by filtration systems.

Solution: Since Qe is larger than Qs by 15 cfm, the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is pulling 15 cfm of air into the room from adjacent areas (i.e., the room is under negative pressure). For this example, the 15 cfm of transfer air is assumed to be free of infectious airborne particles. The clean volumetric air flow rate (Q) is the larger value between Qs and Qe, so Q = 80 cfm. Calculate the air changes per hour:

Note: Determining the true value of the mixing factor is difficult and requires special equipment to measure air flows and conduct tracer gas decay testing. Thus, conservative estimates of k are often used (as described above). Also, the addition of an air cleaning device (e.g., an in-room HEPA filtration unit) within the same room will reduce the wait time. The flow rate from the air cleaning device can be added to Q determined above, which will increase the overall ACH in the room. The air movement created by the air cleaning device can also decrease the value of k. Together, the increased ACH and decreased k can help substantially reduce wait times. See Example 2 at the bottom of FAQ #5 for more information, including an example of the calculations.","@type": "Question","name": "3. Can ventilation filters effectively capture SARS-CoV-2 viral particles?","acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer","text": "Yes, filters with higher collection efficiencies can provide significant reductions in viral particle concentrations.

Increasing filtration efficiency can increase the pressure drop (resistance to air flow) across the filters. This can lead to increased fan energy, reduced airflow rates, and/or issues controlling indoor temperature and relative humidity levels. Scientific developments in filter design and manufacturing have reduced the amount of the increased pressure drop and its resulting impact on HVAC operations, but not all filters have adopted the newer technology. Prior to a filtration upgrade, the specific filters under consideration should be investigated for their pressure drop ratings at the flow rate(s) of intended use and the potential impacts of that pressure drop evaluated against the capabilities of the existing HVAC system.

The creation of directional airflow can be accomplished within a particular space or between two adjacent spaces. This can be done passively, through intentional placement of supply and exhaust heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) grilles, or by the intentional creation of pressure differentials between adjacent spaces through specification of offset exhaust and supply air flow rates. Creation of the directional airflow can also be done actively, through the use of fans exhausting through open windows, strategic placement of ductwork attached to in-room HEPA filtration units, or dedicated exhaust systems (installed or portable) that generate a desired airflow by exhausting air out of windows, doorways, or through temporary ducts. In specific settings, specialized local control ventilation interventions that establish the desired airflow directions can also be used (see the NIOSH Ventilated Headboard).

Research shows that the particle size of SARS-CoV-2 is around 0.1 micrometer (m). However, the virus generally does not travel through the air by itself. These viral particles are human-generated, so the virus is trapped in respiratory droplets and droplet nuclei (dried respiratory droplets) that are larger. Most of the respiratory droplets and particles exhaled during talking, singing, breathing, and coughing are less than 5 m in size.

The excellent capture efficiency of HEPA filters comes at a cost, namely the significant pressure drop (and energy) required to move air through the HEPA filter. For this reason, most traditional HVAC systems are not able to use HEPA filters and are limited to the use of less-efficient filters. To account for the increased pressure requirements, HEPA filtration units often combine a HEPA filter with a dedicated fan system.

In-room HEPA air cleaners that combine a HEPA filter with a powered fan system are a preferred option for auxiliary air cleaning, especially in higher risk settings such as health clinics, vaccination, and medical testing locations, workout rooms, or public waiting areas. Other settings that could benefit from in-room HEPA filtration can be identified using typical risk assessment parameters, such as community incidence rates, facemask compliance expectations, and room occupant density. While these systems do not bring in outdoor dilution air, they are effective at cleaning air within spaces to reduce the concentration of airborne particulates, including SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Thus, they give equivalent air exchanges without the need for conditioning outdoor air.

In a given room, the larger the CADR, the faster it will clean the room air. Three CADR numbers are given on the AHAM label, one each for smoke, dust, and pollen. The smoke particles are the smallest, so that CADR number applies best to viral particles related to COVID-19 and other viral respiratory diseases. The label also shows the largest room size (in square feet [ft]) that the unit is appropriate for, assuming a standard ceiling height of up to 8 feet. If the ceiling height is taller, multiply the room size (ft) by the ratio of the actual ceiling height (ft) divided by 8. For example, a 300 ft room with an 11-foot ceiling will require a portable air cleaner labeled for a room size of at least 415 ft (300 [11/8] = 415).

The CADR program is designed to rate the performance of smaller room air cleaners typical for use in homes and offices. For larger air cleaners, and for smaller air cleaners whose manufacturers choose not to participate in the AHAM CADR program, select a HEPA unit based on the suggested room size (ft) or the reported air flow rate (cfm) provided by the manufacturer. Consumers might take into consideration that these values often reflect ideal conditions which overestimate actual performance.

Using the mixing factor of 3, the estimated wait time for 99% reduction of airborne contaminants in the room is 3 x 28 = 84 minutes. Thus, the increased ACH and lower k value associated with the portable HEPA filtration unit reduced the wait time from the original 5 hours and 45 minutes to only 1 hour and 24 minutes, saving a total of 4 hours and 21 minutes before the room could be safely reoccupied.

Adding the portable HEPA unit increased the equivalent ventilation rate and improved room air mixing. This resulted in over a 75% reduction in time for the room to be cleared of potentially-infectious airborne particles.","@type": "Question","name": "6. Does ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) kill SARS-CoV-2?","acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer","text": "

",{"@type": "Question","name": "7. What types of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) devices are available for air and surface treatment in the workplace?","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "UVGI devices can take many shapes and sizes. They can also be mounted in various places.

Potential Application: Can be used as an additional layer of protection to treat the air (kill germs) in indoor spaces; most useful in spaces that host large gatherings or where the risk of disease transmission is high.

1) Coil treatment UVGI keeps HVAC coils, drain pans, and wetted surfaces free of microbial growth. These devices produce relatively low levels of UV energy. This energy is continually delivered 24 hours a day, which is why they are effective. Coil treatment UVGI devices are not designed for treating the air and should not be installed for this purpose.

Potential Application: Can be used to reduce HVAC maintenance and improve operational efficiency within large, commercial HVAC systems or residential HVAC systems; not recommended for inactivating airborne pathogens.

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