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STADTHAGEN, JOSEPH (d. 1715), German rabbi. One of a venerable line of rabbis, he was born in Metz and was Landesrabbiner of Schaumburg-Lippe for many years, taking his name from his home in Stadthagen. An acknowledged rabbinical authority (author of Divrei Zikkaron, Amsterdam, 1705), with a thorough knowledge of the New Testament and apologetic works, he participated in several religious disputations. In July 1704 he was called upon by Leffman *Behrend, the powerful Hanoverian *Court Jew, to accept the challenge of an apostate, who had been making the rounds of Jewish communities, challenging the scholars to disputations and blackmailing them into paying him to desist. The disputation was held in the presence of the elector of Hanover, the future George I of England, and his court. Stadthagen deftly refuted the stock charges of the apostate, gained the sympathy of the tolerant court, and established his intellectual and moral superiority. He made a vivid impression on the electress Sophie who parted from him with the words, "We all have but one God." The debate was transcribed by Stadthagen in Hebrew and Yiddish in his Minḥat Zikkaron, which was edited, translated, and published by A. Berliner, Religionsgespraech (1914).
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
D. Kaufmann, in: REJ, 22 (1891), 98f.; J. Rosenthal, in: Aresheth, 2 (1960), 159.
STADTHAGEN, JOSEPH:
By: Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., Abraham Lewinsky
German rabbi, apologist, and author; died at Stadthagen Sept. 5, 1715; son of Samson of Metz, where his grandfather Joseph b. Isaac ha-Levi Ashkenazi (died at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1628) officiated as rabbi for many years. Joseph acted for several decades as "Landesrabbiner" for the district of Schaumburg-Lippe, and took the name "Stadthagen" from his place of residence. Well versed both in apologetic literature and in the New Testament, he was peculiarly qualified to become a leader in religious controversies. He was called to Hanover by the Hanoverian financial agent Leffmann Behrends, and there, on July 21, 1704, in the presence of the elector Georg Ludwig and the noted electoress Sophie (the friend of Leibnitz), he took part in a very successful religious disputation with a convert (Edzardus of Hamburg ?). In the following year (1705) Stadthagen published in Amsterdam his "Dibre Zikkaron," a work in two parts, containing ethical reflections on the rules for ritual slaughtering.
Of Stadthagen's seven daughters may be mentioned Rebekka, wife of Samuel Bonn of Altona (Kaufmann, "Heinrich Heine's Ahnensaal," p. 298), and Hindele, who married Uri Lipmann b. Joseph of Elrich (near Nordhausen). Of his sons the most important were Bernard, who attended the fair at Leipsic in 1697 and 1698 ("Monatsschrift," 1901, p. 507), and Gershon, who died at Altona on the 10th of Aug., 1721 (Grunwald, "Hamburgs Deutsche Juden," 1904, p. 243, No. 836). Among his descendants were "Landesrabbiner" Levi Herzfeld of Brunswick, and Ephraim Rothschild, manufacturer and philanthropist of Stadtoldendorf, Brunswick, who died Jan. 30, 1901.
Bibliography:
- Benjacob, Oẓar ha-Sefarim, p. 103, No. 63;
- Wiener, in Monatsschrift, 1864, p. 169;
- Kaufmann, in R. E. J. 1891, p. 98;
- manuscript of stadthagen's Minḥat Zikkaron, and also manuscript notes in a copy of the Dibre Zikkaron, both in the possession of Dr. A. Lewinsky.
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