Afterliving in Japan for 30 odd years, the idea for the interview came from a simple yearning to understand why mobsters drive black Mercedes S-Class saloons, why the cars have tinted windows and why those cars are always left-hand-drive, given that over 90 percent of Japanese drive right-hand-drive cars.
Notice that he said nothing about wanting to keep out UV rays or lower the sunlight entering the car. As a matter of fact, I was kind of expecting his answer, but to hear him say it directly to me reinforced the fact that they value privacy and on-road anonymity more than most. But then again, when you see a black Merc with tinted windows in Tokyo, you can kind of guess that someone who wants to stay incognito might be inside.
In research published in Management Science, Slutzky and co-author Stefan Zeume of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign look at what happens to the economy in Italy when law enforcement cracks down on organized crime.
This is the first research to quantify the effect of the mafia at this micro level of how municipalities are affected, says Slutzky. The turnover of firms increases by about 12% relative to prior years, he says. This is mostly driven by an increase in the number of firms entering the market relative to the period before a crackdown.
A series of large-scale drug seizures at clandestine laboratories in a Venezuelan border state suggest the ELN and ex-FARC mafia are expanding cocaine processing in a region that was once used only as a trafficking route from Colombia.
In 2023, authorities made three multi-ton cocaine seizures at labs in Jess Mara Semprn, which represented almost as much cocaine as was seized in all of Venezuela in 2022. Coca plants were also being cultivated in the area.
In early February, the Colombian military discovered three cocaine labs in Norte de Santander department, a hub for coca cultivation on the border with Venezuela, and seized 4.4 tons of cocaine. The government said the labs belonged to the ELN and the ex-FARC mafia.
A drive-by shooting is a type of assault that usually involves the perpetrator(s) firing a weapon from within a motor vehicle and then fleeing.[1] Drive-by shootings allow the perpetrators to quickly strike their targets and flee the scene before law enforcement is able to respond. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. The protection, anonymity, sense of power, and ease of escape provided by the getaway vehicle lead some perpetrators to feel safe expressing their hostility toward others.[2]
The invention of the drive-by shooting is attributed to Nestor Makhno,[3][4][5][6][7][8] commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. He combined horse and carriage with a machine gun in order to quickly assault targets then flee before they could properly react. It was called a Tachanka.
Motor vehicles offer similar concealment for transport of weapons to crime scenes in situations like the 2015 San Bernardino attack, and can simultaneously serve as getaway vehicles. Using a vehicle allows the shooter to approach the intended target without being noticed and then to speed away before anyone reacts. Besides gang-related attacks, drive-by shootings may result from road rage or personal disputes between neighbors, acquaintances, or strangers unrelated to gang membership.[2]
There is no national data on the volume of drive-by shootings. National statistical databases such as the Uniform Crime Reports record the shooting outcome rather than the method. Non-gang-related drive-by shootings are not well researched, but journalistic accounts and police reports suggest that these constitute a significant proportion of the drive-by shootings to which police respond. Drive-by shootings that occur as an extreme form of road rage appear to be rather unpredictable in terms of the times and locations, but often occur in reaction to seemingly trivial events, although the underlying motivation usually appears to be a series of unrelated stressors in the perpetrator's life. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. Recent legislation has focused on transfer of guns rather than vehicles, so those who carry out drive-by shootings may use their own vehicle or one that has been borrowed, rented, or stolen.[2]
The primary motivations for a gang-involved drive-by include intimidation, terrorisation, and assassination of rival street gang members.[9] Such shootings are associated with gang violence in urban areas of the United States but also occur in other contexts. The tactic is also called simply a "drive-by".[10]
Motorcycle ride-by killings were a common form of murder used by drug lord Griselda Blanco during her years controlling the Miami cocaine trade routes in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[11] Blanco herself died by this method after having been shot twice in the head by a motorcyclist in a drive-by shooting in Medelln, Colombia.[12][13][14] Drive-by shootings are also included in the Ku Klux Klan's modus operandi.[15][16]
Chicago Prohibition-era gangster and North Side Gang boss Bugs Moran was considered a "pioneer" of the drive-by shooting, with the Tommy gun being the weapon of choice. The notoriously vicious gang performed multiple shootings against their rivals, including the South Side gang led by Al Capone and the Genna brothers. Other Irish American gangs, such as the Saltis-McErlane Gang, the Sheldon Gang, and the Southside O'Donnell's, also executed drive-bys on one another in the Chicago area. Al Capone also had a Cadillac painted in Chicago police colors (police lights included) with armored rear windshield and a small hatch to fire machine guns with the car moving.
During the Second Philadelphia Mafia War, two warring factions fought for control of the family; one led by former alleged boss, John Stanfa; and the "Young Turks" led by up-and-coming gangster Joey Merlino. On 5 August 1993, Merlino survived a drive-by shooting assassination attempt by two Stanfa gunmen, taking four bullets in the leg and buttocks, while his friend and associate Michael Ciancaglini was shot in the chest and killed.[17] On 31 August 1993, a drive by shooting was performed on Stanfa and his son while they were driving on the Schuylkill Expressway. Stanfa escaped uninjured and his son survived being shot in the jaw.
In 1992, the Mexican Mafia prison gang announced an edict prohibiting Sureno gangs from committing drive-by shootings, in order to avoid police crackdowns throughout neighborhoods in southern California. Those who broke the edict were to be greenlighted for assault or even death in the California prison system.[18]
Numerous hip hop artists have been targeted in drive-bys;[19] prominent rappers who were killed in such incidents include Tupac Shakur,[20] The Notorious B.I.G.,[21] Big L, and Mac Dre.[22] Other rappers, such as Obie Trice[23] and 50 Cent have survived being assaulted in drive-by shootings.
In 2015, Jorja Leap, an UCLA anthropologist studying gang culture, pointed out how drive-by shooting tactics are being replaced by the "walk-up shooting" method, because murders have become more targeted and while driving, there is low accuracy in aiming.[24]
In Italy, the circulation of firearms is low compared to that in the United States, and just over a million civilians own a firearm license,[25] so face-to-face shooting or threats with firearms are rare. Drive-by shootings, on the other hand, are common, especially in professional criminal contexts, as the statistical incidence says that almost all assaults with firearms are carried out from cars, motorcycles, or scooters.[citation needed] These kinds of vehicles are used since they provide better mobility in the narrow city districts. From the 1970s into the 21st century, Cosa Nostra and the Camorra have both been known to perform drive-by shootings during clan or mafia wars, or to assassinate targets. One notable example of such, is Carabiniere general Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa, who was killed with an AK-47 in a drive by shooting in September 1982 in Palermo.[26]
One of the most striking episodes of a drive-by shooting in Italy was the Macerata shooting, conducted against six Africans by a far-right extremist, Luca Traini, using an Alfa Romeo 147. However, the attack caused no deaths.[27]
In the first decade of the 21st century, drive-by shootings were also used for assassinations by militants in Iraq,[28] including that of Waldemar Milewicz[29] and Hatem Kamil,[30] and in Syria.[31][32]
Russell (AJ Bowen) finds himself in a bad place after making a series of bad decisions which leaves him where he is today, a driver in Los Angeles. When he picks up Charlotte (Sophie Dalah), a spirited and enigmatic young woman, nothing seems unusual at first. Then, the promise of quick money and a night to remember soon raises the stakes. Initially, the pair form an unlikely bond, but events soon take a turn for the worse. Could this be his last chance of redemption?
Night Drive will take you on a journey full of twists and turns. It starts out as something akin to a buddy movie then takes a much darker turn, barrelling through a number of genres with aplomb. Bowen and Dalah have a great chemistry and directors Brad Baruh and Meghan Leon take us smoothly up through the gears. Night Drive is an entertaining and vibrant slice of (multi)genre cinema which is teeming with ideas.
If you are a bus driver in Honduras, there's this thing that happens all the time. You'll be behind the wheel of your bus at an intersection, and a kid will come, knock on your window, and hand you a cellphone.
The voice on the phone will say something like this: "Hi, I'm calling from such-and-such a gang. If you want to keep driving this route, you have to pay me money, every week. Or else we will kill you."
The gangs walk a fine line. They want to make as much money as they can, but they don't want to put the drivers out of business. And in order to ensure that people will pay them, they have to follow through on their threats sometimes.
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