Theory Design Architecture Pdf Download
Roseanne Dumpe
Architecture is the art and science of designing and detailin gthe construction of spatial enclosuresin including artifacts, site buildings. The practice of architecture includes design from the macro-level of the total built environment (civic centers, subdivisions, urban planning and landscape design) to the micro-level of furniture and product design. An architectural practice also includes trained and experienced individuals who are capable to complete in-depth facility assessments, technical analysis and strategy development for existing structures related to ongoing maintenance and potential repurposing.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. The practice of architecture includes design from the macro-level of the total built environment (civic centers, subdivisions, urban planning and landscape design) to the micro-level of furniture and product design.
The practice of architecture is a multi-disciplinary profession integrating the skills of mathematics, science, art, technology, social sciences, politics, history, geography and philosophy. Philosophy is key component in the analysis of an architect's practice. It is the philosophy of the practice that defines the rationale by which they produce particular solutions to definitive problems. Rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, post-modernism, de-constructivism structuralism and phenomenology are some directions from philosophy influencing architecture.
Architectural design provides a distinction between existence and living. The basic requirements of structures include shelter and arrangement of space, both of which are utilitarian. The additional feature provided by architectural design is that of aesthetics, the expression of a building. All three items; shelter, arrangement and aesthetics must be seamlessly integrated in order to achieve a successful architectural solution.
Design theory varies between Architectural Firms and the individuals they employ. Some firms are well-renowned to adhere to a strict style or philosophical principle that guides and determines the aesthetic of their proposed solution. The one constant in the field, regardless of the firm, is that all architects ascribe to theoretical evolutions as their practice matures and develops.
Architectural design is at its basis, ideological in the manner by which it may promote and enhance social positions and ideals. The design of our environment, with the exception of some current trends, has largely been essential in defining our culture and sub-cultures, while providing a long-term replication of cultural ideals in built form.
Society provides the cultural basis for design and interpretation. Culture within a given society is often not a simply categorized element, being entwined on differing levels through many social instances. The practice of architectural design captures the cultural and societal influences relative to the specific design problem, and thus translates these influences into a structure which embodies the culture.
The sociological position of architectural design deals not only with society as a whole but also with society at the level of the individual. Design relative to the individual must provide for their basis needs as well as respond with a language that they may accept as defining their place within society. This idea of place carries meaning on two levels; place as a built entity, and place as a component of social order. It is at the level of the individual that people will seek out housing to suit their needs (local and social order) and will choose to work in locations which reflect their ideals of social position.
Individuals bear a great deal of influence on architectural design in the manner by which they interact, behave, occupy and control space, or ignore it. Safety and security are related to personal feelings that can be affected by the space that the individual inhabits. The feeling of security, or the perception of danger, will be affected by the built environment, and thus will affect the individual in that location. These feelings carry a great deal of influence in how an architectural design solution is viewed relative to its surrounding society.
Architectural design incorporates both the available technology towards construction and the known societal initiatives into a built form. It is not enough to view the Parthenon in Rome as a structure, as to some it may merely look like an old building. A building such as the Parthenon must be viewed relative to the context in which it was constructed. It must be fully appreciated with regard to the society that constructed it, the design rationale that conceived it, and also with regard to the citizens of the specific culture that inhabited it.
An initiative contained herein is to promote a greater understanding of our societal (North America) behavioral roles and norms. An understanding of the concept of personal space is important within architectural design in order to create an environment that can respect the individual as well as groups. This initiative is explored within the concept of space to promote awareness of the nature and context of ourselves and those around us. While we may take societal behavior as a given through our daily lives, architectural design must be able to create environments respectful of those behavioral aspects that we take for granted.
Architectural theory is crucial to the manner through which architectural design is completed. Theory in the profession has changed dramatically within the 20th Century as the means and methods of design and construction have grown. An abbreviated list of the various forms of contemporary architectural design includes:
'The challenge of architectural design lies in the task of resolving a wide variety of functional and aesthetic requirements (the problem) into a coherent, satisfying structure (the solution). The effort to resolve the varied requirements makes use of specific design elements by assembling the properties of these elements into a coherent whole.
Architectural design is the result of solutions carried out through a design process to solve the individual issues while at the same time resolving the global issue of the building proper. It is an intense and complex mix that involves all sections of this curriculum using the design elements defined herein to fulfill the purpose of the design.
Every design has a purpose or reason for its existence; otherwise there would be no point in the existence of the solution. The purpose of architectural design is to create the potential built solution to satisfy the purpose or need of the client. The tools used for the design methodology are these design elements and principles.
Architectural design provides solutions for the human existence. The apparent success of good design will be evident in the continued use of the structure for its intended purpose. In our ever-changing worlds, flexibility is a key component of design, allowing for multiple uses of the same structure over time. The ability to adapt is a key function of human survival; the same can be said relative to the survival of our built environment.
Architectural design principles are not neatly identifiable as "fixed parameters". The reality is, they are flexible. It remains the responsibility of the architect to interpret the client needs through the use of the intended principles; allowing for variation and abstraction as required to suit the intended solution.
The assembly of order continues to dominate environmental design through the design of civilizations, civic planning, environmental controls and land management. Order can be found within smaller designations such as the grouping of like-minded persons into guilds, civic organization and clubs.
Architectural design is a component of the desire for order in the manner by which we choose to control our living environment; providing space for desired activities and establishing a place within the world itself.
Architectural design is the method of organizing materials and forms in a specific way to satisfy a defined purpose. Two key aspects of human involvement are contained in the design process. The first aspect relates to the architect, the second aspect relates to the user or participant of the solution.
The architect contributes to the process of creation through interpretation of the problem, inspiration in the design solution and originality stemming from personal style which defines the work as individual and unique. The user or participant contributes to the process by provision of a clearly defined set of needs as well as through the use of the completed structure, recognizing the aspects of architectural design that contribute to the success of the solution.
Architectural design as a conscious act begins with a level of organization. The specific steps in the order of this organization vary on a personal level with each individual, however a general outline for the process involves:
The tools and devices used in the process of architectural design can be defined as either design elements or design principles. Design elements are those which can be defined as specific "parts" of a design solution. Design principles are those items which influence, direct or resolve the overall composition of the design elements.
Architectural design as a creative artistic act sometimes requires defiance of established or accepted principles in order to achieve the desired result. These elements and principles noted are guidelines which, when used properly, may provide a satisfying result but they are neither flawless nor complete. The skill of the architect is found in the manner by which they apply aspects of design combined with artistic sensibility and vision. Application without interpretation or the personal sense of design is building, not architecture.
In the same way as the artist, trained in the basics of production and design, interprets to produce art, so the architect interprets to produce design. It is an interesting note that only a few persons untrained will attempt to be artists (painters, sculptor, mixed-media), yet a multitude of persons, having read a book or seen the latest design show, will provide architectural experience freely
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