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[Cripin Plascencia]

Theinformation here applies only to recent versions of R for Windows.It is biased towards users of 64-bit Windows and since R 4.2.0, only 64-bitbuilds of R are provided. R 4.4.0 has experimental native support for Windowson 64-bit ARM.

R 4.2.0 and later require the Universal C Runtime (UCRT), which is included inWindows 10 and Windows Server 2016 or newer. On earlier versions of Windows,UCRT has to be installed before installing R. UCRT is available for Windows sinceWindows Vista SP2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2.

We primarily test on versions of Windows currently supported by Microsoft,recently mainly Windows 10, Windows Server 2022 and sometimes on Windows 11. The most thorough testing is done via CRAN packages checks: for R 4.3-4.4this has been on Windows Server 2022. R 4.3-4.4.0 has been tested to install, startand pass its own checks also on Windows 7 and Windows 8.1, but it has notbeen tested with contributed packages.

For UTF-8 to be the native encoding, you need R at least 4.2 and at leastWindows 10 (version 1903) on desktop systems, Windows Server 2022 onlong-term support server systems or Windows Server 1903 from the semi-annualchannel.

R 4.4 has experimental native support for Windows on ARM, which requires atleast Windows 11. The testing of native builds of R on Windows on ARM hasbeen limited. R was tested to install, start and pass its own checks, butthere were no regular CRAN package checks and the number of installable CRANpackages was lower than on Intel. One can also install R 4.4 for Intel onWindows on ARM and use it via emulation, but numerical differences have beenobserved. The native build on R for Windows on ARM installs into adifferent directory by default and uses a different library, so it cancoexist with an installation of the Intel build.

You may also want to add command-line arguments at the end of theTarget field (after any final double quote, and separated by aspace), for example --sdi --no-environ. You can also setenvironment variables at the end of the Target field, for exampleR_LIBS=p:/myRlib, and if you want to ensure that menus andmessages are in (American) English, LANGUAGE=en.

The normal way to customize the installation is by selecting componentsfrom the wizards shown by the installer. However, sysadmins might liketo install R from scripts, and the following command-line flags areavailable for use with the installer.

Yes, with care. A basic R installation is relocatable, so you can burnan image of the R installation on your hard disc or install directlyonto a removable storage device such as a flash-memory USB drive.

Running R does need access to a writable temporary directory and to ahome directory, and in the last resort these are taken to be the currentdirectory. This should be no problem on a properly configured versionof Windows, but otherwise does mean that it may not be possible to run Rwithout creating a shortcut starting in a writable folder.

When the minor or even major version of R changes, one has to install allrequired packages again. The new version of R will use a different locationfor the personal library and the old personal library will be left intact(it may be deleted manually when no longer needed). Installed packagesshould not be copied from the old library to the new one, because they maybe incompatible with the new version of R.

Alternatively, start R by double-clicking on a saved .RData filein the directory for the project you want to use, or drag-and-drop afile with extension .RData onto an R shortcut. In either case,the working directory will be set to that containing the file.

If you have permission to do so, you can also create an environment fileetc\Renviron.site and set environmental variables in that file inthe same way. This is useful for variables which should be set for allusers and all usages of this R installation. (Their values can beoverridden in a .Renviron file or on the command line.)

A simple way to avoid these problems is to use the functionfile.choose() to invoke the standard Windows file selectiondialog. If you select a file there, the name will be passed to R inthe correct format.

Yet another complication is a 260 character limit on the length of theentire path name imposed by Windows. The limit applies only to some systemfunctions, and hence it is possible to create a long path using oneapplication yet inaccessible to another. It is sometimes possible toreduce the path length by creating a drive mapping using subst andaccessing files via that drive. As of Windows 10 version 1607 and R 4.3,one can remove this limit via Windows registry by settingComputer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem\LongPathsEnabledto 1. Long paths still may not always work reliably: someapplications or packages may not be able to work with them and Windowscannot execute an application with long path as the current directory.

If you do not have administrative privileges on the machine whilerunning the installer, then the entries are created underHKEY_CURRENT_USER. The same entries are also created underSoftware\R-core\R32 or Software\R-core\R64, for 32- and64-bit Intel R builds respectively (only 64-bit since R 4.2).

After installation you can add the Registry entries by runningRSetReg.exe in a sub-folder of the bin folder, and removethem by running this with argument /U. Note that this requiresadministrative privileges unless run with argument /Personal andneither sets up nor removes the file associations.

This is a warning which indicates that R has taken action tocorrect the action of some (non-R) DLL which has just been loaded andhas changed the floating point control word (in its initialization code)to a setting incompatible with that needed for R. This is not goodpractice on the part of the DLL, and often indicates that it needs to beupdated.

This is less of a problem with 64-bit builds of R, which use SSEinstructions for computations instead of the FPU. We may be able to removethis handling of the FPU control word in future versions of R.

R 4.4 code base still conservatively uses features of Windows 7 andlater only when available, and otherwise falls back to older features, so itmight still run on 7, but this is minimally tested (see Q2.2), and the codeis tuned for newer systems. Some performance work-arounds for old Windowssystems past their end of support may be removed, such as a custom memoryallocator removed in R 4.2.

For a site installation, you can create a site-wide library directoryanywhere convenient, and add it to the default package search path forall users via R_LIBS_SITE in etc\Renviron.site. See What are HOME and working directories?. There is a standard location for asite library, the site-library directory in the top-level Rfolder (which you would need to create with full control for the Rinstallation account). This will be used for installation in preferenceto the main library folder if it exists.

Another issue with Vista was that the standard POSIX ways that R uses(e.g. in file.info and file.access) to look at filepermissions no longer worked reliably. file.access was re-writtento work with Windows NT-based security and the new version seems muchmore reliable with these OSes (but still not 100% correct).

The font used can affect whether quotes are rendered correctly. Thedefault font in the Rgui console and internal pager isCourier New, which has directional quotes on all the systems wetried. Lucida Console which has elegant glyphs for directionalquotes (but seems rather light unless ClearType is in use):Consolas is another font which we often select when ClearType isin use. Non-TrueType fonts such as Courier and FixedSyslack directional double quotes on the systems we tried.

For advanced users the choice may be dictated by whether the contributedpackages needed are available in 64-bit builds (although CRAN onlyoffers 32/64-bit builds). The considerations can be more complex: forexample 32/64-bit RODBC need 32/64-bit ODBC drivers respectively,and where both exist they may not be able to be installed together. Anextreme example is the Microsoft Access/Excel ODBC drivers: if you haveinstalled 64-bit Microsoft Office you can only install the 64-bitdrivers and so need to use 64-bit RODBC and hence R. (Andsimilarly for 32-bit Microsoft Office.)

The R installer does not put Rcmd.exe (nor any other Rexecutable) on your PATH. What seems to have happened is thatpeople did this for themselves in the past, upgraded R (which by defaultwill install to a different location) and un-installed the old versionof R. If you do that (or install R for the first time), you need toedit the PATH.

R 4.2 and later on recent versions of Windows (see Q2.2) use UTF-8 as the nativeencoding. It is thus possible to use characters outside of the systemlocale code page in R, including the command-line front-endRterm.exe (and Rgui.exe, where limited support hasexisted before). For use in RTerm, one needs to choose suitable fontswhich have the required glyphs, such as NSimFun for Asian languages.Use l10n_info() from R to check whether R is really running in UTF-8as native encoding.

Both Rterm.exe and Rgui.exe support single- anddouble-width characters. It will be necessary to select suitable fontsin files Rconsole and Rdevga (see ?Rconsole or thecomments in the files: the system versions are in the etcfolder); in the latter you can replace Arial by ArialUnicode MS, and we tried FixedSys and MS Mincho inRconsole. (Note that Rdevga only applies to Windowsgraphics devices and not, say, to pdf.)

Note that it is important that the console font uses double-widthcharacters for all CJK characters (as that is what the width table usedassumes): this is true for the fonts intended for CJK locales but notfor example for Lucida Console or Consolas.

When using Rterm the window in which it is run has to be setup to use a suitable font (e.g. Lucida Console orConsolas, not the OEM raster fonts) and a suitable codepage(which for the Windows command shell can be done using chcp). In R 4.2and later on recent versions of Windows where UTF-8 is the native encoding,Rterm will automatically switch the console codepage to UTF-8.

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