This powerful and shattering play, adapted into an Oscar-nominated film starring Meryl Streep and Philip Seymour Hoffman, is more relevant and urgent than ever. It challenges us to reflect on our supposed morals, question our faith, and dares us to doubt our long-held beliefs.
This was a parable to depict in a gripping manner how doubt can poison the mind and vitiate the atmosphere, with everyone labouring under the illusion that things are black and white when they are most certainly not. Kudos to the director and the actors, all of the them did a stellar job.
I left the playhouse, which interestingly enough is a remodeled chapel, with the same questions and feelings as when I saw the movie version in 2008. I repeated and mulled over the same lines, trying to connect the dots, only realizing that they form a perfect circle: doubt, faith and certainty supplant each other as the need arises, but it is hard to tell if there is any truth to any one of them at all.
After hearing the news, Aloysius reveals to Sister James that the decisive phone call to Flynn's previous parish was a fabrication and that she has no evidence of past wrongdoing. As a result, Aloysius is left with ambiguous doubt, and the audience is left to wonder if the doubt is in either herself or the Church. With no proof of Father Flynn's guilt or innocence, the audience is left with its own doubt.
Has Sister Aloysius subtly manipulated Sister James into suspecting Father Flynn of child abuse? Perhaps, but only perhaps. There is inadequate proof in either direction, which is precisely what Shanley wants. Doubt is, after all, doubt, not certainty. That means giving the audience the ability to understand a little about what makes the characters tick and why they all perceive the same situation differently, without giving clear evidence as to what actually happened.
As it turns out, the director attended parochial school during the 60s and 70s until graduating from high school, and the description he provided reflects his own experience with at least some of the nuns he encountered. Which is Lesson Number One:
When we pray, He hears our prayers and takes our prayers into account as He writes the script. So even though the script was written eons ago, every single prayer we utter enters in to the mind and heart of the Scriptwriter. He gives (or gave) it consideration as He was writing the script of our lives and of history.
"It's getting harder and harder in this society to find a place for spacious, true intellectual exchange," Shanley told The New York Times when the play was first released. "It's all becoming about who won the argument, which is just moronic." He added, "There is no room or value placed on doubt, which is one of the hallmarks of the wise man." Sadly, this may be more true in 2024 than it was in 2004.
At the same time, there are moments in Shanley's play that read quite differently today, for better or worse. Shanley has talked often about writing "Doubt" (subtitled "a parable") during the run-up to the disastrous Iraq War. But Americans had also begun learning about and processing the worst of the church abuse scandals at the time, including The Boston Globe's shocking 2002 revelations, on which the film "Spotlight" was based. Allegations of cover-up, and parish-hopping by predator priests, are also at the center of "Doubt," which is set in 1964.
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Doubt is a film about the truth and how it is not only elusive, but it is even impossible to find sometimes. In those moments, we are left in a position that is vague and full of nuance. We are left with our doubts. This should not keep us from searching out the truth, but it should give us a reverence for judgment. In my speech, I compared this to Spotlight to show that, when the threads of the truth are unearthed, they should be pursued and proclaimed at all costs. That is especially true in situations of a criminally-sensitive nature. Spotlight focuses on those situations in the context of the molestation scandal that rocked the Catholic Church in Boston and around the globe. Doubt focuses on a similar story, but in a slightly different light.
The film takes place in 1960s-era New York at a Catholic parish in the Bronx. We meet the priest, Father Flynn (Philip Seymour-Hoffman) as he is giving a homily about the nature of doubt as it relates to faith. That the film starts here (after the opening scene of the altar boys preparing for mass) is a point worth remembering. Father Flynn talks about how the faithful can be companions in doubt - how doubt can bring people together. We learn that it is 1964, as Father Flynn alludes to the JFK assassination the year before.
Early on in the film, Sister Aloysius makes it clear to the other sisters that she has some apprehensions about Father Flynn's sermon. Specifically, she wonders where his preoccupation with doubt originated. (Side note: For a film that deals in such heavy terrain for much of its runtime, these scenes with the interplay between Sister Aloysius and the others have many humourous moments.)
From there, the film begins to tackle a comparison between certainty and doubt. In this case, there are many reasons to believe that Father Flynn did in fact committ this horrible crime. But they are all circumstantial, and the allegations are never proven. That's not to say Father Flynn is not guilty, but it simply can't be proven.
As I watch the film, my thoughts drift to who deserves the benefit of the doubt. Father Flynn is a successful man. Does he deserve the right to be innocent until proven guilty? Surely, he does. But I would rather give the benefit of the doubt to the person who is not in the position of power (in this case, Donald). There is certainly enough here to warrant investigation, rather than being swept under the rug.
Is Father Flynn deserving of his fate in the film? The answer may be no. Father Flynn never admits to the allegations, but he is still forced to leave the parish based upon the rumblings of Sister Aloysius. At this point, I wonder what Sister Aloysius feels. Is it a victory that Father Flynn has left the parish even though he quickly finds a new one? If he really did do what Sister Aloysius has accused him of, won't he do it again? Or, does she now doubt whether Father Flynn even did anything wrong in the first place?
In the film's closing scene, we see Sister Aloysius wrestling with her doubt. I don't know which of the above questions were floating through her mind - maybe all of them. I know I was certainly thinking of each question as the film came to a close.
And therein lies the genius of this film. This is not melodrama or the investigation of a criminal case unfolding before our eyes. That is part of the story. But it is not the main one. This film is an exploration of the nature of doubt - the tension that results from being in the middle of a situation with no clear answers. What are we to do in those situations? What does God think of doubt?
And so we are left with no closure, no certainty and mountains of doubt. I can assure you that 10 people could watch this movie and come to 10 different conclusions. I find that to be a sign of a movie that is both well-written and full of interesting nuance. But, at the end of the day, we see in our current culture the need to understand how to wrestle with issues of truth, doubt and nuance.
As the title suggests, doubt is the film's central theme. The story begins with Father Flynn's sermon about the nature of doubt, which in turn prompts Sister Aloysius to "doubt" the priest's actions and intentions. While Father Flynn urges the...
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Host: I would love to start with Liev here. The full name of the play is Doubt: A Parable. I'm curious about that subtitle there. Can you give a sense of the kind of parable that the audience should expect to be confronted with when coming to see this performance?
Liev: We had Doug Hughes at yesterday's performance, who developed the play with John and was the director of the original production 20 years ago. Doug told us that the parable part was added at the last minute and I think it came out of a conversation they'd had about the Iraq War. At that time, Doug said he had this notion that the play was really speaking to-- aside from everything that was going on in the Catholic Church and the Boston Diocese and all that, that Doug felt that it spoke to the certitude with which we were approaching the Iraq War.
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