speaker: President John F. Kennedy
Former President John F. Kennedy called a news conference on April 11, 1962, the very next day after the steel companies raised their prices by 3.5 percent. He was un-eased by this decision because American citizens were already going through misfortunes with the war of Vietnam and because of the war, America was going through a recession. He uses parallelism by repeatedly saying, “When we are…” and verbalizes the different hardships Americans experience---the Berlin crisis; an energy crisis; a war; a wage crisis. Kennedy’s use of the pronoun “we” before every hardship shows that he and the American people are standing together while the steel companies are separate. Kennedy balances the different problems Americans face to show that one problem is no more important than another. The balance offers equal weight and emphasis. Likewise, it also offers an indictment of every wrong the steel companies make. Each hardship is a reminder of just what the steel companies ignore, deride, injure. And, each problem can be felt by any number of Americans; Kennedy does this purposefully so no one American is isolated from the warped decision of the American Steel Companies’ CEOs. Kennedy hits everyone, excluding no one. Kennedy’s intent is to make them feel threatened and ashamed about their egregious decision. Kennedy’s intent is to shame them into lowering their prices. Kennedy---and America for that matter--- will have one less problem to address, and the American people can feel confident in their president to fix the country’s brokenness. The Steel Companies heeded his speech; the very next day, they lowered their prices.
In President John F. Kennedy’s speech, Kennedy effectively uses the rhetorical strategy cause and effect to successfully present his argument that steel companies have wronged the American people from unnecessary rises in taxes on steel products. He wants to get the public’s attention that this is a growing problem, and he does this by usage of cause and effect. In this particular time period in 1962, America was coming out of a big recession known as the Great Depression. America was trying to recover and get the economy going again, so President Kennedy knows the importance of addressing growing issues that may potentially put the U.S back into a recession. High steel prices would increase cost of basic necessities like “homes, autos, appliances for every American family.” Steel is a major prerequisite for all these things. The cause is the rising of steel prices, and the effect is “every American family” that has to suffer due to their condescending thought and no regard for public opinion. Kennedy’s use of “every” shows the effects hurt everyone; no one person is excluded. Furthermore, the products Kennedy cites (i.e., “homes,” etc.) are major purchases for the majority of Americans. The effect and Kennedy’s intent is to anger the American people in order to prompt them to speak up and voice their disdain; it makes the American people feel that they have the volition to stand up for what is right. Kennedy knows that if he gets the public’s attention, it will bring steel prices down and lower costs on everyday necessities. Kennedy can keep the country moving forward and he further gains the public’s respect and trust.
Speaker: President John F. Kennedy
Occasion: News Conference
Type of text: speech
Strong verbs: address/express/acknowledge
Charismatic and 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, in his speech, confronting the issue regarding prices, addresses the steel companies’ actions, of raising the steel prices by 3.5 percent. Kennedy’s purpose is to guilt the steel companies into reversing the increased steel prices. He adopts a disapproving tone in order to express to America that he does not approve of the increased prices. Kennedy uses the rhetorical strategy anaphora to implant the outcome of the steel companies’ escalated prices in America’s mind. Kennedy thought other industries would imitate the steel companies and raise their prices as well. Kennedy says “It would increase the cost of homes… It would increase the cost of machinery…” using “It would” in successive clauses as introductory words displaying a pattern, rhythm, and emphasis on the phrases to describe what increased prices would do to America. This strategy allows Kennedy to instill the image of another recession in America’s mind. This forces America to pay attention to the defiance of the steel company. If you’ll recall, Kennedy called for stable prices and wages as part of a program of national sacrifice during a period of economic distress. America acknowledges the steel company and places judgment that the steel company is wrong. Kennedy keeps his rapport with America and obtains remorse from the steel companies.
Speaker: John F Kennedy
Speaker: John F. Kennedy
Audience: Steel companies and Americans
Occasion: Steel companies raised prices during an economic struggle for Americans
Strong verb: acknowledge
In John F. Kennedy's inaugural speech he effectively uses the rhetorical strategy parallelism. Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same.He begins his speech by acknowledging the country's crisis, "when we we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability,when we are asking Reservists..." The repetition of the phrase "when we are" shows this strategy. Kennedy's purpose is to publicly humiliate the steel companies and let America know that he is on their side by letting his next course of action be known. By using parallelism Kennedy adds balance to all the hardships occurring. This shows that he believes that American interest are just as important as economic recovery. Kennedy wants to scare the steel companies by bashing them to the public and hinting at his plans to protect American interest in hope for the businesses to lower their prices. Kennedy also wants the people to think that he is on their side, so that they feel comfortable and do their part in recovering the country.
Aziza Abdul-Aziz
October 25th, 2014 Pd: 3A
Speaker: John F.Kennedy
Occasion: On April 10th, 1962 the United States were still shaken up by the country’s last recession, suddenly the nation’s largest steel company raises steel prices by 3.5 percent. President John f. Kennedy who was a constant advocate for stable prices and wages “as part of a program of national sacrifice during a period of economic stress” responds to the situation.
Type of text: speech
Strong verb: detrimental
President John f. Kennedy in his response to the rise in steel prices by 3.5 percent uses the rhetorical strategy of “cause and effect.” Kennedy refers to the reasons why increasing steel prices are detrimental then he states the consequences of raised steel prices. In doing so he gives his audience {the American people} a comprehension of what the rise in steel prices can cause and how greatly it could affect the American people. During his remark he states that “if the rise in steel cost were to be imitated by the rest of the industry instead of rescinded the effect of that would be an increase in the cost of homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family.” This could be an issue on behalf of many Americans because some were already suffering due to the hands of poverty, so if everyday items were to become more expensive it could be absolutely detrimental to struggling Americans. Moreover if the steel company continues to raise prices, Kennedy states that the effect would root “an increase in the cost of machinery and tools to every American businessman and farmer.” This affects Americans because “it would handicap any effort to prevent an inflationary spiral from eating up pension of older citizens and any new gains in purchasing power.” Kennedy states this as an effect because if inflation were to occur money in result would lose value which would result in consumers having to pay more. In summary Kennedy effectively gets his point across by using cause and effect as a rhetorical strategy.
Oniecia Henry
Speaker: John F. Kennedy
Occasion: lambastes nation’s leading steel corporations
Type of Text: Speech
Strong Verb(s): lambasting, infers, condones, undermines
Influential and well-intentioned former president of the United States, John F. Kennedy, in his speech lambasting the nation’s leading steel corporations, infers that these companies condone “irresponsible defiance of the public interest” in the form of increased steel prices. Kennedy’s purpose is to achieve the support of the American people, while convincing them that the surge of steel prices is critically offensive and undermines the sacrifices made by the Reservists in order to serve and protect the nation. He effortlessly uses the rhetorical appeal of pathos in an attempt to invoke a sense of resentment in Americans. Early on, he references, “Four were killed in the last two days in Vietnam.” The fact that four servicemen risked their lives not only to protect America’s free common people, but also to protect the same selfish corporate people whose “pursuit of…profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility,” is disheartening. Thus, Kennedy is capable of striking an emotional nerve in the audience. Americans are stimulated by calamity and commemoration. Kennedy’s suggestion that the raise in steel prices trivializes everything these four men perished for is offensive to these emotional responses. As a result, the people feel resentment towards the steel companies and the former president is able to gain their much needed assent. In gaining the nation’s total support, Kennedy also gains the right to confidently restore the honor of the four servicemen and defend the public interest.
Speaker: John F. Kennedy
Occasion: Kennedy speaks at news conference on April 11, 1962
Type of Text: Speech
Speaker: John F KennedyType of text: speechOccasion: addressing the influx of steel pricesstrong verb:On April 10, 1962, former president ,John F Kennedy, addresses the issue of the influx of steel prices and the negative effects it would have on this nation. Kennedy's purpose is to reassure the public while simultaneously stigmatizing the steel companies. Doing so, he creates a sense of cohesion by giving them a common enemy. He accomplished this with his use of repetition. Kennedy constantly uses the phrase "It would" to imply what unprofitable events would occur if steel companies continued to raise prices, such as increasing the cost of "homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family". Kennedy's repetition gives the audience a sense of urgency to rectify the problem before said problems can occur. Also, it intensifies the image of the steel companies as the evil doer.
Speaker: President John F. Kennedy
Occasion: JFK trying to get stable prices and wages on steel
Type of Text: Remarks/ Speech
Strong Verbs: Denounce, disgraces, establishes
President John F. Kennedy’s speech (April 10, 1962) denounces the “United States Steel and other leading steel corporations” for increasing the prices of steel (“6 dollars a ton”) without “justification.” Kennedy disgraces the steel companies in order to lower the ludicrously elevated prices. Kennedy establishes his claim with his impeccable and effective usage of repetition: he commences the passage with how the Steel companies are committing their crime “when we are confronted with grave crisis…when we are asking Reservists to leave their homes… when we are devoting our energies...” His repetition of “when we are” emphasizes that America struggles without the inflation of steel prices. Also, because of the repetition of the word “we,” the recurring clause becomes a reminder that Kennedy and Americans are unified in all their grievances. Then, he employs the same strategy of repetition for “it would,” which acts as another buildup. This time, however, it is an upsurge of all the horrendous effects that the inflation will have on Americans. In brief, Kennedy’s utilization of repetition unites American Citizens and repeatedly stomps the steel companies and their imprudent prices. His speech effectively decreases the prices, to all of the American’s delight, and gives the overall message that American companies should not only think of self-gain; instead, the American companies, steel and all, think of aiding “his country,” America.