It's a big process. I wrote an Ansible playbook to upgrade two servers that were on Gerrit 2.12.7 to 3.5.1. Took me about a year, not 100% dedicated to this task though. There are so many steps, and you need to test and restart your whole process so many times, that it's not really feasible to do it by hand.
Your old Gerrit is probably also on an old operating system. Mine were on Ubuntu 12.04 (I was working on this in 2021 and 2022) and using MySQL. I had to use mysqldump to copy the database and bring up Gerrit 2.16 on new machines, since you can't really do anything with such an old OS.
Let us know if you need any specific advice. Good luck.