PDA Auto Web Bot Traffic Generator V2.0 Web Site Traffic Generator Software
Malka Crickenberger
Traffic Generator 2.0 acts as a test vehicle for users to emulate traffic to the external memory, and helps to test, debug and understand the performance of the EMIF Memory interface on their hardware platform in a standalone fashion without having to incorporate their entire design. The Traffic generator2.0 IP (also referred as TG 2.0), offers the ability to customize the testing of the external memory interface as per the user requirements. This offers the user the ability to customize data patterns being written to the memory (PRBS or any user defined pattern), address locations accessed in the memory and the order of write and read transaction patterns. The traffic generator code can be used with any FPGA architecture and memory protocol.
The EMIF Debug Toolkit offers the user interface to take advantage of the underlying Traffic Generator 2.0 infrastructure and to customize traffic patterns to the memory. The EMIF Debug Toolkit can be launched after the FPGA has been programmed.
PDA Auto Web Bot Traffic Generator V2.0 Web Site Traffic Generator Software
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Once the FPGA has been programmed, launch the EMIF Debug Toolkit from within the Quartus GUI by selecting Tools -> System Debugging Tools -> External Memory Interface Toolkit. After the Toolkit has been launched, the following connections need to be established, prior to running the Custom Traffic Generator.
These tabs help to select the data patterns and the bytes that will be enabled, addressing mode and the order in which the traffic to the memory is organized. The following sections explain each tab in detail.
When the user selects the Fixed Pattern mode in the GUI to enter a specific data pattern, the actual data pattern that gets written to the memory could be different from the value entered through the GUI. For example, when the user enters a write data of all ONEs, the data written to the memory may not be all ONEs. There is an optional workaround for this problem by writing to the internal registers in rtl directly. The instructions to doing this are provided in the section:RTL workaround to reliably write data and enable data bytes
The TG 2.0 design does not enable the correct expected data bytes both in the default mode (all bytes enabled) and when the Test Data mask mode is selected. In the default mode, all data bytes are expected to be enabled. However, the user may not see data written to all bytes as there is a possibility of bytes getting masked. Also, when the Test Data mask option mode is selected, and when select data bytes are disabled, this can also result in the correct bytes not getting disabled. There is an optional workaround for this issue by writing the byte enable values to the internal registers in rtl directly. Refer to the section: RTL workaround to reliably write data and enable data bytes to use this workaround.
The restrictions on the address ranges are not monitored in the Toolkit GUI. The underlying design will wrap the internal address to 0 when the address value exceeds the maximum supported value, however, this is not transparent to the user. It is recommended that the user ensures the address ranges specified in the GUI are within operable ranges.
The traffic generator tool is very useful in running stress tests, debugging the HW platform for Signal Integrity issues in addition to emulating actual memory transactions. Here are some commonly used applications for which the Traffic Generator can come handy.
Using PRBS data on the data pins helps to emulate an actual traffic pattern to the memory interface. The Traffic Generator uses PRBS7 data pattern as the default traffic pattern on the data pins, it can support PRBS-15 and PRBS-31.
The maximum number of unique addresses that can be written to in one block is limited to 4094. Utilizing the Loops value to the maximum supported value of 4095, the address range that can be supported in one go is (Number of loops * Number of writes per block). Further address expansion can be done by changing the Start Address value appropriately and re-issuing the tests. To continue addressing sections of the memory beyond the address range that can be specified in one set of Toolkit configuration, the Start Address value tab can be used to incrementally access the next set of addresses in the memory. For example, in a memory where row address width is 15, bank address width is 3 and column address width is 10, the total number of address locations to be accessed = 2(row address width) * (bank address width * 2(column address width)). The maximum number of address locations that can be accessed is limited by the width of the internal address bus, that is 25 bits wide.
The EMIF Toolkit is designed to provide the user the ability to change write data and to change byte enables from the Toolkit GUI. However, there is an issue, where one or more bytes can end up having incorrect data or byte enable values loaded that can result in unexpected data being written or unexpected bytes being enabled or masked. The workaround here is to manually write the desired data values and byte enable values to the corresponding internal buses in the RTL design itself, prior to compiling the design.
There is also an issue in the Status checker module when the Test data mask option is selected. The design expects masked data bytes to return a value of 1, however, this is not always the case and can result in design errors. The workaround here is to disable the check on the masked bytes.
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This sub menu allows to build packet based on provided parameters. Based on parameters you can build ip packet with vlan tags and set udp ports. Raw packet template is generated based on provided parameters.
If same type of header is present in packet more than once then header field values are passed as comma separated list. (For example if there are two ipheaders then source addresses are given like "ip-src=1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2").
For quicker header construction many of the header field values are assumed. For example if header stack is "mac,ip" then traffic generator can assume that mac-protocol value is "ip". Or if "port" or "interface" setting is specified traffic generator can assume "mac-src" to be MAC address of interface).Assumed values have distinct names that start with "assumed-" and are read only. Manually specified values override assumed ones.
Most header types can be present in header multiple times. There can be only 2 ip headers and 1 udp header per packet. Some limitations are imposed on possible sequences of headers based on our practical experience with network protocols (for example vlan header can follow only a mac header or other vlan header).
Notice that mac addresses were not specified since template generator can assume next-hop mac address automatically by sending ARP messages. Since we are doing routing and destination IP is not directly reachable, we have set ip-gateway parameter to determine next-hop mac-address.
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Being able to simulate network traffic means you can take a proactive approach to managing network performance, which is useful if, for instance, you plan to roll out a new application to your network.
A traffic generator creates traffic, or packets, that machines on a network consume. A network traffic generator is built to resemble an actual machine on the network from the perspective of the target machines. These hardware or software tools provide visibility into the impact of traffic on network resources.
Traffic generators imitate the packets and payloads actual devices on a network might produce. This makes them effective tools for network stress testing, which is a form of experimentation or investigation for understanding the function and limits of network infrastructure and controls.
A traffic generator tool should be able to reach the specific devices being tested. The generator sends out traffic but may also need to respond to traffic in cases of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) traffic or TCP connections. If there are specific connections or blockages between a network traffic simulator and end devices, admins may need to account for this during setup.
Network stress testing allows network admins to proactively analyze how traffic affects devices across their network. For instance, network stress testing can help you understand if current bandwidth is sufficient, if your system can handle a sudden influx of user requests, or how rolling out a new application would affect other parts of your network.
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