Aphorisms Hippocrates Pdf

[Domenec Reynolds]

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In this article, we discuss the nephrologic content within Hippocrates' Aphorisms. Although similar attempts have taken place ever since antiquity, we believe that in each era new insights may be gained by examining the aphorisms through the prism of current medical knowledge. Of the 400 aphorisms in the Hippocratic text, we discuss the 36 that we consider to be most relevant to nephrology. We conclude that these aphorisms support the concept of Hippocrates as the "Father of Clinical Nephrology."

The aphorism was particularly well suited to Stoicism. Both the Enchiridion and the Meditations were how-to books. Because aphorisms are short, they are easily committed to memory; their mantra-like repetition was a means of self-discipline and mental training. When the appropriate situation arose, a Stoic would be prepared and act accordingly, neither bewailing his fate nor being seduced by a false appearance of the value of something transitory and external to the self.

A member of the creative writing faculty at CalArts, Maggie Nelson had a breakout success with The Argonauts in 2015. It builds on the style Nelson pioneered in her 2009 cult classic Bluets, a series of short numbered meditations on the intellectual and emotional valences of the titular color. Both books are not so much unclassifiable as over-classifiable; because there is no aphorism section at the bookstore, they are just as likely to be shelved under poetry as they are under philosophy, criticism, essay, or memoir.

Ryan Ruby is a writer based out of Berlin. His work has appeared in The Baffler, Conjunctions, Dissent, n+1, and elsewhere. He has translated Roger Caillois and Grgoire Bouillier from the French for Readux Books. The Zero and the One, his debut novel, was published by Twelve in March 2017.

The Hippocratic Aphorisms had a profound influence on subsequent generations; they not only shaped medical theory and practice, but also affected popular culture. Galen (d. c. 216) produced an extensive commentary on this text, as did other medical authors writing in Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew. The Arabic tradition is particularly rich, with more than a dozen commentaries extant in over a hundred manuscripts. These Arabic commentaries constituted important venues for innovation and change, and did not merely draw attention to scholastic debates. Moreover, they had a considerable impact on medical practice, as the Aphorisms were so popular that both doctor and patient knew them by heart.

The present project breaks new ground by conducting an in-depth study of this tradition by approaching the available evidence as a corpus, which we are currently transcribing and which will ultimately be rendered into electronic XML format. The project will employ the latest IT tools to address a set of interdisciplinary problems: textual criticism of the Greek sources; Graeco-Arabic translation technique; methods of quotation; hermeneutic procedures; development of medical theory; and social history of medicine. Both in approach and scope the project aims to bring about a paradigm shift in the study of exegetical cultures in Arabic, and of the role that commentaries played in the transmission and transformation of scientific knowledge across countries and systems of belief.

Aphorisms are widely recognized as an important genre in political, ethical, and ṣūfī discourse in the Medieval Islamic world. Studies have highlighted their role in modifying specific types of human action, often habitual, moral, and therapeutic. However, in the Medieval Islamic world collections of aphorisms were popular objects of commentary, to be expounded, justified, or refuted. Aphorisms were incorporated into scientific discourse and became loci for scientific debate.

This session explores uses of aphorisms in the Islamic world. What is aphoristic speech, and how does it fit into contemporary speech-act theory? What makes aphorisms a good discursive means for modifying practice and a locus for scientific debate? What types of practice are suited to aphoristic discourse? What social and political conditions existed in the Medieval Islamic word that afforded aphorisms wide popularity? How were aphorisms used by individuals in the Medieval Islamic world? What kinds of ethical, medical, and spiritual subjectivity does aphoristic discourse presuppose? Finally, how did changes in political and social conditions in the late Medieval and early modern Islamic world affect the popularity of aphoristic forms?

The focus of this workshop will be on the gynaecological aphorisms that deal with issues such as the physics of the female body, menstruation, childbirth, lactation and infertility. This session will explore selections from the commentaries, with a view to understanding how the Arab writers engaged with the Greek material and interpreted this key text for their audience. The intended outcome is to gain deeper insights into the content, style and language of the Arabic discourse and to locate the works in a wider context of medieval scientific inquiry.

This panel will explore how the Arabic commentaries on the Hippocratic aphorisms interpreted the correlation between madness and bodily function, furthering the study of mental illness along the lines established in the Aphorisms.

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